South America, particularly the Southern Cone region, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, serves as a global hub for soybean production, accounting for more than 56% of global supply. However, this region experiences recurrent and severe drought risks driven by climate variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), resulting in significant economic losses. Consequently, biotechnology- based drought-tolerant soybean breeding has emerged as a critical national strategy across these countries. Argentina has positioned itself as a primary technology originator with the development of the HB4 soybean, the world’s first commercial drought-tolerant trait, utilizing the sunflower-derived transcription factor HaHB4. Brazil is advancing beyond single-trait approaches by developing multistacked biotech varieties that integrate drought tolerance with herbicide resistance, insect resistance, and oxidative stress mitigation. Furthermore, Paraguay and Uruguay are rapidly emerging as international hubs for field testing and commercialization, supported by streamlined regulatory frameworks and a “dual-track” strategy for both genetically modified (GM) and genome-edited (GE) crops. This review integrates molecular strategies, national regulatory systems, and commercialization trends in South America and discusses strategic implications for Korea. Despite Korea’s limited domestic experience in large-scale commercial cultivation owing to regulatory constraints, it possesses internationally competitive expertise in transcription factor engineering, CRISPR-based precision breeding, and AI-driven stress phenotyping. We propose a strategic technology export model that leverages Korea’s advanced R&D capabilities as a “technology provider” and “joint developer,” in partnership with South American countries. Such collaborations can foster a climate-resilient agricultural ecosystem and secure Korea’s position in the global biotech seed market.
Global climate change has intensified droughts and other extreme weather conditions, leading to serious declines in agricultural productivity. Genetically modified (GM) soybeans with drought tolerance have been developed to enhance crop resilience. Prior to commercialization, GM crops must undergo compositional equivalence assessments to confirm that no unintended compositional differences exist compared to their non-GM counterparts. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional and compositional equivalence of two drought-tolerant GM soybean lines (DIAT7 and DIAT15) compared to their non-GM parental line (Williams 82) and three reference cultivars (Kwangan, U13625, and U14511). Soybeans were cultivated under identical field conditions, and proximate components, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and antinutritional factors were analyzed using standard methods. Although several analytes exhibited statistically significant differences (
Male sterility is used to mass-produce F1 hybrid seeds in pepper (
A new winter wheat (
‘Dahongmi’ was developed to enhance the quality of colored rice by crossing ‘Jeogjinju’, Korea’s red-brown colored rice variety, with ‘Junam’, a variety known for excellent cultivation characteristics. ‘Dahongmi’ is a mid-maturing cultivar harvested approximately 15 days later than ‘Jeogjinju’, suitable for the mid-central plains. Each ‘Dahongmi’ plant bears 14 panicles, similar to that in ‘Jeogjinju’ but with an additional 22 grains per panicle and a heavier 1000-grain weight compared to that of ‘Jeogjinju’. ‘Dahongmi’ exhibited superior low-temperature germination rate (85.1%) and a higher percentage of fertile grains at a cold-water irrigated nursery (36.2%) compared to ‘Jeogjinju’. The stem height of ‘Dahongmi’ is 89.7 cm, similar to that of ‘Jeogjinju’. However, ‘Dahongmi’ has a third node height 9 cm shorter than that of ‘Jeogjinju’, enhancing its resistance to lodging. Furthermore, it displayed resistance to leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight (K1, K2, and K3 strains), and rice stripe virus, ensuring stability during cultivation. The protein and amylose content of ‘Dahongmi’ are 5.5% and 18.9%, respectively, similar to that of ‘Jeogjinju’ (5.9%, 18.3%). The levels of antioxidant components such as total polyphenols and flavonoids are comparable to that of ‘Jeogjinju’. However, ‘Dahongmi’ does not exhibit resistance against bacterial leaf blight strain K3a and delphacidae, underscoring the importance of timely and balanced fertilization for effective early-stage management. ‘Dahongmi’ exhibits better yield, straw strength, and plant architecture compared to ‘Jeogjinju’. It has immense potential for augmenting the yield of high-antioxidant-pigmented rice varieties. In addition, it could provide valuable foundational data for the brown rice processing industry (Registration Number: 8680).
A new Adzuki bean cultivar, ‘Hongmiin’, was developed from the cross between K204656 (Toyomidainagon) and SA9905 in 2008. Hongmiin showed prominent agronomical characteristics, such as high grain quality, lodging resistance, and high yield in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) conducted for four years from 2017 to 2020. ‘Hongmiin’ is an early maturing variety, having a bright red seed coat, and the sediment ratio of this red bean was high because of the thin seed coat. The mean plant height of ‘Hongmiin’ was 58 cm, and its yield components were 7.4 pods per plant and a 100-seed-weight of 20.5 g of in the regional yield trials (RYT). This indicates that the Hongmiin has appropriate trait values for red bean production and processing. In the regional yield trial for the four years, the average yield potential of ‘Hongmine’ was 2.09 MT/ha, which is 8% higher than that of ‘Arari’ (Registration No. 9324).
In this study, genotype analysis was conducted using the Fluidigm system with 13 SNP markers related to anthracnose, powdery mildew,
‘Jungmo1022’, a japonica rice cultivar, was developed by a cross between ‘Jinbu31’ (IT212616) and ‘Gyodong23’ (IT213764) by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Korea, in 2000. ‘Jinbu31’ is tolerant to cold, and ‘Gyodong23’ is early maturing with high yield potential. The growth period of ‘Jungmo1022’ in paddy fields was 116 days on the North-middle highland in Korea, shorter than that of ‘Jinbu’. The culm length of ‘Jungmo1022’ was 67 cm, which was 2 cm shorter than that of ‘Jinbu’. There were 91 spikelets per panicle in ‘Jungmo1022’. The elite line was developed by shuttle breeding in a cold screening field at Chuncheon and highland Jinbu sites in order to screen for cold tolerant varieties. Forty-five lines with more than 50% fertility were selected from the F2 generation in the cold screening field, and the line SR28990-B-2-2-2 was selected by the pedigree breeding method through F3-F7 generations cultivated on the North-middle highland in Jinbu. During the yield trial conducted in 2008-2009 yield trial, an early heading, high-yielding, and cold tolerant line ‘Jinbu 48’ was selected for the local adaptability tests conducted from 2010 to 2012. The early maturing and cold-tolerant ‘Jinbu 48’ was superior to ‘Jinbu’ in exhibiting shorter heading delay, reduced culm length, and spikelet fertility under cold temperature. The new line showed a milled rice productivity of 5.69 MT/ha at Jinbu sites under North-middle highland cultivation and was registered as a new cultivar ‘Jungmo1022’ (Registration No. 5563).
The global area of GM Crops continued to grow in 2018 and reached 191.7 million hectares. Twenty-six countries approved biotech crops for planting and an additional 44 countries (18 + 26 EU countries) officially imported biotech crops for food, feed, and processing, meaning that biotech crops are now commonly accepted in those countries. First-generation GM seed is being commercialized by global agricultural companies in advanced countries such as the United States and parts of Europe. The fact that more than 90% of first-generation GM seeds, which have been commercialized for 20 years, are both insect resistant and herbicide resistant proves that they continue to have an effect on improving agricultural productivity and increasing farmers' incomes. As the effectiveness of GM crops has been proven and technology has been developed, the GM crop development trend has recently changed. In other words, it has moved from being producer-oriented to benefiting both farmers and consumers. In Korea, the National Program for GM Crops (NCGC), one of the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Programs organized by Rural Development Administration (RDA), was established in 2011 to develop biotech crops that will be used in the future to solve our agricultural problems. To accomplish this mission, the NCGC carried out the exploration of useful functional genes, the development of qualified events, and the safety assessment of developed events. Here, we introduce the current status of GM crop development and commercialization in the world and in Korea.
‘Superhongmi’, a reddish brown rice cultivar, was derived from a cross between CG2-3-5-1-6-1 (Heugjinju/Suwon 425) producing blackish purple rice and ‘Daeribbyeo 1’ producing large white grains. A promising line, SR28721-7-5-2-1-2-1, was obtained using the pedigree breeding method from 2003 to 2015 and designated as ‘KNOU6R’. This variety headed on September 5, and its culm length is 94.7 cm. The panicle length of ‘Superhongmi’ is 19.8 cm. The number of panicles per hill and grain per panicle is 5.4 ea and 154.9 ea, respectively. The fertility ratio of ‘Superhongmi’ is approximately 91.0% and 1000-grain weight (TGW) is approximately 26.8 g, which is similar to that of ‘Superjami’; however, the number of panicles per hill is half of that of ‘Superjami’. The content of taxifolin and total polyphenol extracted from whole grains of ‘Superhongmi’ is 67.7 and 248 mg/100g seed weight, respectively (Registration No. 7365).
‘Jungmo1033’, a japonica rice variety, was developed by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 1992. It is derived from a cross between a native variety ‘Jagwangdo’, which has translucent milled rice and medium maturity; and ‘Hwayeong’, which is an elite line with bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturity. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1033’ was August 10 in the middle plain area of Korea, which was two days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1033’ has a culm length of 79 cm, which was 5 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and 105 spikelets per panicle. ‘Jungmo1033’ showed resistance to bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3 races) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black-streaked dwarf viruses, and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited translucency and a medium short grain shape. It had an excellent appearance and lower amylose content (19.1%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.8%). ‘Jungmo1033’ showed a milled rice productivity of 5.38 MT/ha at 11 sites under ordinary cultivation conditions. (Registration No. 5723)
Hwangmichal, a yellow waxy corn hybrid, is a single cross hybrid developed in 2014. This hybrid was created by crossing the seed parent KY30 and pollen parent KY9. Hwangmichal has yellow kernels with a conico-cylindrical ear shape. The days to silking of Hwangmichal were similar to that of Ilmichal, a check hybrid. The ear height ratio of Hwangmichal was 50%, which was lower than that of Ilmichal, and its number of tillers was less than that of Ilmichal. The ear size of Hwangmichal was smaller than that of Ilmichal and the kernel set ratio was 89%. Its sensory evaluation was better than that of Ilmichal. The carotenoid content of Hwangmichal was 32.2 µg/g, which was much higher than that of Ilmichal. Lodging resistance of Hwangmichal was better than that of Ilmichal. Although the number of fresh ears of Hwangmichal was more than that of Ilmichal, the weight of fresh ears was lower than that of Ilmichal. The flowering period of its parent lines was well matched and seed production was 3:1 at a planting density of parent lines of more than 2:1. It is adaptable to the whole country except for Jeju-do. The plant variety protection right of Hwangmichal was registered in June 2017, and its grant number is 6728.
Improvement of lodging resistance and adaptable to double cropping system, high yield and good quality have been recently received more attention by covered barley(
‘Jungmo1045’, a multi-resistant japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between ‘Hanggeumnuri’ having a good eating-quality and high yield and ‘SR30071’ having brown planthopper (BPH) resistance, was developed by the rice breeding team of NICS, RDA in 2015. This cultivar has about 121 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 73cm culm length and 22cm panicle length. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, stripe virus and brown planthopper. The milled rice of ‘Jungmo1045’ exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has good palatability of cooked rice compared with ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.74 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Junngmo1045’ would be useful genetic resources for multi-resistance breeding program against disease and insect and eco-friendly cultivation.
We developed new two-rowed covered barley ‘Gwangmaeg’ superior to ‘Hopum’ that has been widely cultivated in Korea for using beer-materials. ‘Gwanngmaeg’ was related from the line named as ‘Iksan149’ in 2010 after yield trials test in conducted for three years from 2008. And then it was registered to ‘Plant protection right, No. 5847’ in 2016 after field experiment by KSVS(Korea Seed & Variety Service). ‘Gwangmaeg’ has distinct characteristics in winter type (IV) and mid-tall culm length which makes reduce damage by off-season heading and lodging comparing to those of ‘Hopum’. ‘Gwangmaeg’ have characteristics of cold tolerance and disease resistance to BaYMV(
A new colored soybean variety ‘Jungmo3005’ was developed as a breeding parent. ‘Cheongjakong’ and ‘Geomjeongkong3’ were crossed in 2000. F1 and F2 populations were grown for 2 years and selected by pedigree method from F3 to F5. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2006 to 2007, and regional yield trial (RYT) in 9 regions was conducted from 2008 to 2010. ‘Jungmo3005’ is determinate, white flower, green cotyledon, green spherical seed and yellow hilum. Flowering date and maturing date were July 30 and Oct. 7, respectively. Other quantitative characteristics of ‘Jungmo3005’ were similar to ‘Cheongdu1’, but it was more tolerant to lodging and shattering than ‘Cheongdu1’ at RYT field and indoor test. Although ‘Jungmo3005’ showed symptom of mosaic disease in inoculation test at greenhouse, it had high level of resistance to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule diseases at field. The yield of tofu of ‘Jungmo3005’ was more than that of ‘Cheongdu1’. The mean yield of ‘Jungmo3005’ in RYT was 256kg/10a which was 97% of the yield of ‘Cheongdu1’. ‘Jungmo3005’ is expected to be widely used as a breeding parent to cross with other varieties and lines for creating colored soybean cultivars with tolerance to lodging, shattering and bacterial pustule.
‘Jungmo2501’ (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. The following is the characteristics of ‘Jungmo2501’ that is characterized as light green leaf, yellow brown culm and whitish yellow grain. The heading date of ‘Jungmo2501’ was about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Samhan’(May 7 and May 10, respectively). Its plant height was 11 cm longer than 103 cm of the check, and the leaf blade ratio of aerial parts was 26 % higher than the check (11.8% and 9.4%, respectively). The cold tolerance, resistance to lodging and wet injury of ‘Jungmo2501’ were similar to those of the check. The average forage dry matter yield of ‘Jungmo2501’ harvested at milk-ripe stage was 5% higher than the check (15.5 ton ha -1 and 14.7 ton ha -1 , respectively). ‘Jungmo2501’ was higher than the check in terms of protein content (6.6% and 5.9%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (58.5% and 57.6%, respectively), and acid detergent fiber (34.5% and 32.1%, respectively), while total digestible nutrients was lower than the check (61.6% and 63.6%, respectively), and TDN yield was 0.37 ton ha -1 more than that of the check (9.71 ton ha -1 and 9.34 ton ha -1 , respectively). The silage grade of ‘Jungmo2501’ estimated by Flig score showed level Ⅱ, meaning good quality. Fall sowing cropping of ‘Jungmo2501’ is recommended only for areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than －6°C.
‘Neugeunsuperjami’, a late maturing and blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar, was developed from a cross between Gumjeongbyeo and Hwaseonchalbyeo. During selected by pedigree breeding method until F8 generation, a promising line, SR28757-22-2-4-2-1-1-2-B, was selected and advanced by late maturing and content of Cyanidin 3-glucoside. Advance line designated as the name of ‘KNOU 13’. This variety headed on August 28, 140 days to heading after sowing. The culm length and the panicle length of ‘Neugeunsuperjami’ was 91.0 cm and 20.0 cm, respectively. The number of panicle per hill was 10.5 and the number of grain per panicle was 88.6. The dehulling recovery of ‘Neugeunsuperjami’ was about 80.5% and 1,000-grain weight was about 19.7 g, heavier than that of ‘Heugjinju’. ‘Neugeunsuperjami’ has 3~5 times higher Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G) content compared with ‘Heugjinju’.
To fit the market demands for functional rice such as black and red color rice, ‘Sugary’a high free sugar content line was backcrossed to the black rice ‘Milyang152. The pedigree method was adapted in selection and generation advance. A high polyphenol content line, YR19646-3-2-1-1-2-2 showing red pericarp was selected and designed as ‘Milyang234’ followed by variety name ‘Geonganghongmi’ in 2010. Heading date of ‘Geonganghongmi’ was Aug. 19, medium-late maturing cultivar. ‘Geonganghongmi’ showed resistance to leaf blast and rice stripe virus while susceptible to major diseases and insects. The total polyphenol content of ‘Geonganghongmi’ was high as much as 24.2mg/g compare to that of 4.9mg/g of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and 17.2mg/g of a red pericarp rice ‘Jeogjinju’ at 70% ethanol extraction conditions. In local adaptability tests, yield of ‘Geonganghongmi’ was 4.5MT/ha about 86% of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and 102% of ‘Jeogjinju’, respectively. ‘Geonganghongmi’ is suitable for southern and middle plain area of Korea.
Geonpungmi is a new sweetpotato variety developed by Bioenergy Crop Research lnstitute in the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) at RDA for table use in 2008. This variety was selected from the cross between Mokpo34 and Southern Queen. Two parents, Mokpo34 and Southern Queen, were crossed in 2002. Selection of elite line was performed for 2 years from 2003 to 2004. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2004 to 2005. The regional yield trials were conducted at six locations from 2006 to 2008. Geonpungmi has cordate leaf, greenish purple vine and petiole, elliptic storage root, dark purple skin and yellow flesh color of storage root. This variety is resistant to fusarium wilt and nematode. The starch value and total sugar content were 25.8% and 5.82%, respectively. Pasting temperature of starch in Geonpungmi was 74.7°C, and the retrogradation process is earlier than Yulmi. The average yield of storage root is 19.8 ton/ha in the regional yield trials, which is 3% lower than that of Yulmi. The number of marketable storage roots per plant was 2.6 and the average weight of one storage root was 154 g.
Jungmo1019 early maturing rice variety was developed by the rice breeding team of the Department of Southern Crop, NICS, RDA in 2011. This cultivar was derived from the cross Hwayeongbyeo//Hitomebore/Nampyeongbyeo made in 2005 and the production of doubled haploid rice plant from anther culture in F1 generation. Testing in the replicated yield trial in 2008, a promising line YR25312Acp62 was selected and it was designated as the Milyang246. The early traus plauting local adaptability test of Milyang246 was carried out at three location in 2011 and it was named as Jungmo1019 showing a high head rice ratio and early–maturity eco-type. Number of spikelet/panicle and 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was slightly lower than those of Jopyeongbyeo. This variety is resistant to bacterial blight, rice stripe virus disease but susceptible to major insect and pests. The milled rice yield of Jungmo1019 is 4.52MT per ha at the early transplanting of the local adaptability test. This line should serve as a useful source for improving head rice ratio at early transplanting cultivation in southern plain area.
‘Geonhwangmi’, a new sweetpotato variety, was developed for table use by Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), and RDA in 2013. This variety was derived from the cross between ‘Singeonmi’ and ‘Mokpo34’ in 2005. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2006 to 2008, preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2009 to 2010. The regional yield trials were conducted at five locations from 2011 to 2013, and it was named as ‘Geonhwangmi’. This variety has five-lobed leaf, and its leaves, stems, and petioles are green. Storage root of ‘Geonhwangmi’ has an elliptical shape, red skin, and light orange flesh. ‘Geonhwangmi’ was moderately resistant to fusarium wilt, and resistant to root-knot nematode. Dry matter content was 29.4%, and texture of steamed storage root was intermediate. Sucrose content of steamed storage root of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was higher than that of ‘Yulmi’, and steamed storage root palatability of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was better than that of ‘Yulmi’. β-carotene content of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was 3.4 mg/100g DW, which was 7.8% of ‘Juhwangmi’. Yield of marketable storage root over 50 g of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was 23.0 MT/ha under the early seasonal cultivation, which was 39% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’. The number of marketable storage roots per plant was 2.6 and the average weight of marketable storage root was 151 g under the optimal and late seasonal cultivation. Marketable storage root yield of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was 24.2 MT/ha under the optimum and late seasonal cultivation, which was 45% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’. (Registration No. 5853).
‘Jungmo1038', a mid-late maturing, high dry matter yielding rice (
A variety of genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed in Korea. In these crops, the resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant (Agb0102) has moved ahead to generate the dossier for regulatory review process required for commercialization of GM crop. The resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant could be released to farmers for cultivation after national regulators have determined that it is safe for the environment and human health. Here, we developed a PCR-based DNA marker based on flanking sequences of transgene for the discrimination of resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant. This DNA markers will be useful for identifying of resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant, and can also be used to estimate transgene movement occurred by pollen transfer or seed distribution. Moreover, it is helpful for prompt screening of a homozygote-transgenic progeny in the breeding program.
‘Jungmo1024’ is a blast resistant early maturing rice cultivar with high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage. ‘Jungmo1024’ was derived from a sodium azide treatment on ‘Suweon472’, a high yielding japonica elite line which was latterly registered as ‘Namil’. Comparison with the agronomical traits of ‘Namil’, ‘Jungmo1024’ was uniquely characterized as the induced gained function due to the reduced culm length, increased tiller number, strong blast resistance and especially high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage. The high temperature tolerance of ‘Jungmo1024’ was supported by two years experiments by comparing the head rice ratio produced in ordinary paddy field and green house condition. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1024’ was July 29 in central plain area, which was 9 days earlier than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Jungmo1024’ was about 4.98 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Jungmo1024’ had 69 cm in culm length, which was 15 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, 20 cm in panicle length, 16 in tiller number, and 22.3g in 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice. ‘Jungmo1024’ exhibited strong rice blast resistance, but do not have any clear resistance gene sources against bacterial blight, viral diseases and insect fests. ‘Jungmo1024’, nevertheless, would be a useful rice cultivar could be used as a donor line for the breeding programs for developing southern plane adaptable early maturing rice cultivars with enhanced rice blast resistance, lodging tolerance, and especially high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage.
A new soybean variety, ‘Joongmo 3009’ (Milyang 222) was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2012. ‘Joongmo 3009’ was released by pedigree selection from the cross between ‘Cheongja 2(Milyang 121)’ and ‘Daemangkong’.
It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, green seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.3 grams per 100 seeds). It was late 16 days in maturing date than the check cultivar ‘Cheongjakong’. The average yield of ‘Joongmo 3009’ was 2.91 ton per hectare, which was higher 36 percentage than the check variety, in the regional yield trials carried out in three adaptable locations of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The number of breeder’s right is ‘5474’
‘Superjami 2’, a new blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar was derived from a cross between CG2-3-5-1-6-1 (Heugjinju/Suwon 425) having a high cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) contents and ‘Daeribbyeo 1’ having a large grain size. During selected by pedigree breeding method until F10 generation, a promising line, SR28721-7-5-2-1-2-1, was advanced and designated as the name of ‘KNOU 6’. This variety headed on Aug. 30, so 125 days to heading after sowing and has 106 cm culm length. The panicle length of ‘Superjami 2’ was 20.4 cm. The number of panicle per hill was 8.5 ea, and the number of grain per panicles was 143.0 ea. The ratio of fertility of ‘Superjami 2’ was about 82.0% and 1,000-grain weight was about 30.1 g. The 1,000 grain weight of ‘Superjami 2’ (30.1 g) was heavier than that of ‘Heugjinju’. Also, ‘Superjami 2’ has 9 times higher C3G content compared with ‘Heugjinju’.
The ‘Jungmo1023’ is the japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Yeongdeog34 and F1 of Iksan456 and SR21097-B-B-19-2-2 by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2012. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1023’ is August 3 in middle plain area and it is six days earlier than ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ has 80 cm of culm length which is 4 cm shorter than those of ‘Hwaseong’ and 107 spikelet per panicle. The premature heading rate of ‘Jungmo1023’ was 3.3%. It showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and medium short grain shape. It has better palatability index of cooked rice (0.24) and lower amylose content (18.0%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (96.2%). ‘Jungmo1023’ showed 4.56 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 7 sites in ordinary cultivation. However, ‘Jungmo1023’ showed early cultivation culture adaptability because of 98% of its yield potential (4.99 MT/ha) compared to high yielding early-maturing variety ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ could be adaptable to the middle plain, mid-mountainous and north-east coastal area in Korea (Registration No. 5115).
In order to assess the substantial equivalence of two varieties of genetically modified rice, herbicide-tolerant Ab rice and the insect-resistant Bt rice, to the non-GM Dongjin-byeo cultivar. We analyzed the compositions and contents of the proximate, amino acids, minerals, fatty acids, vitamins, and anti-nutrients in their unpolished grains using t-test (
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