Gliadin proteins are a major component of gluten proteins and important determinants of bread-making quality by conferring the viscosity and extensibility of dough, but also present significant health problems for consumers with wheat-related diseases like celiac disease or wheat allergies. In order to solve this problem, we conducted RP-HPLC analysis to profile gliadin fractions for screening the mutants deficient in gliadins from 122 wheat doubled-haploid (DH) lines cultivated by the National Institute of Crop Science. Comparing the RP-HPLC chromatogram of 122 DH lines with those of the respective parents, we found that some peaks of omega-5 gliadin were not present in 28 DH lines. Further analysis using SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE showed that the omega-5 gliadin in the parental varieties had two to three bands, but only one band in the absent 28 DH lines. The relative expression levels of all gliadin groups in the parental and mutant lines were also examined by RP-HPLC. Our study contributes to establishing a method for the rapid screening and identification of mutants missing gliadins as major epitopes of wheat-related disease in many wheat genetic resources and breeding lines as valuable information to other researchers.
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Promoters are essential regulatory elements for efficiently expressing a gene of interest in a target tissue of a organism. Therefore, the identification of a suitable promoter is important in plant biotechnology. In this study, four promoters were selected and identified to be constitutively or tissue-specifically expressed in
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Crown rot caused by
Molecular markers of doubled-haploid (DH) and long spike Korean wheat cultivar populations were evaluated to improve the yield potential of Korean wheat breeding programs by improving the tiller numbers. In Korean wheat cultivars, the tiller number was affected more by vernalization (
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Drought stress during the seedling stage has a disastrous effect on the growth of maize. The purpose of this study was to assess the developed expression markers that are related to drought stress in maize. For the selection of expressed genes by drought stress, co-expression analysis was carried out using published microarray data of drought stress in maize (
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A new
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A new red butterhead lettuce (
‘Sweet Gold’ is a new promising kiwifruit variety developed for high soluble solid content and firmness at the Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea, in 2010. This variety was selected from seeds obtained by the cross between
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Haepum’ is a soybean cultivar for soy sprouts. ‘Bosug’ and ‘Suwon 214’ were crossed in 2001, and promised lines were selected from F3 to F5 using the pedigree method (Pedigree: HS1273-2B-4-1-2-3-3). Preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield (AYT) trials were conducted from 2008 to 2009, and regional yield trials (RYT) in four regions (Suwon, Naju, Miryang, Jeju) were conducted from 2010 to 2012. In RYT, ‘Haepum’ had higher plant height and first pod height than other cultivars, which are desirable characteristics for mechanized harvest. Morphological characteristics of ‘Haepum’ are as follows: determinate, white flowers, grey pubescence, yellow pods, yellow spherical small seeds (10.4 g/100 seeds), and light brown hilum. The flowering and maturity dates were July 29 and October 6, respectively. Plant height was 61 cm, 6 cm longer than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’ (standard cultivar). Moreover, the first pod height of ‘Haepum’ was 15 cm, 6 cm longer than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. The lodging tolerance was also stronger (1) than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’ (6). The germination rate, total length, hypocotyl length, thickness, and sprout yield of ‘Haepum’ soybean sprouts were 99%, 20.6 cm, 9.7 cm, 2.1 mm, and 453%, respectively. The yield in adaptable regions was 301 kg/10 a, which was 10% higher than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. ‘Haepum’ could be broadly used for soybean sprout culture and an adequate cultivar for conversion to jeju and mechanized harvesting.
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A sesame variety “Goenbaek” (
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Cheongpum’, a japonica rice variety, was developed from a cross between Yeongdeog45 and ‘Samkwang’ by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2015. The heading date of ‘Cheongpum’ was August 10 in the middle plain area, which was two days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Cheongpum’ had a culm length of 79 cm, which was 5 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and 116 spikelets per panicle. The viviparous germination rate of ‘Cheongpum’ was 27.9%. It showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race), and stripe virus, but susceptibility to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf, and black streak dwarf viruses, and plant hoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited a translucent and medium short grain shape. The cooked rice grains of ‘Cheongpum’ had an excellent palatability index (0.41) and lower amylose content (18.8%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The grain milling characteristics were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially the head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.1%). ‘Cheongpum’ showed 5.36 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 11 sites under ordinary cultivation (Registration No. 6799).
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Consumers currently prefer healthy food with antioxidant or anti-diabetic activities. This study was conducted to develop a waxy corn with high carotenoid content. A yellow waxy corn single cross hybrid ‘Goldchal’ was developed by Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2015. The seed parent inbred HW16 was crossed with the pollen parent inbred HW17 in 2010. The number and weight of fresh ears per 10 a for ‘Goldchal’ were 6,385 and 1,339 kg, respectively, comparable to those of ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials from 2013 to 2015. The hybrid contained 15.8 mg/kg carotenoids, which were 15.0 mg/kg higher than that of ‘Ilmichal’. The lodging tolerance of ‘Goldchal’ was superior to that of ‘Ilmichal’ and resistance to disease and insects was similar to those of ‘Ilmichal’. The silking date of the seed parent HW16 was in the pollen dispersal period of the pollen parent HW17, and F1 seed yield was 186 kg/10a. ‘Goldchal’ could be cultivated throughout Korea. The plant variety protection right of ‘Goldchal’ was registered in June 2017 (Grant Number 6722).
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Consumer interest in nutrition and health has increased, for other food and industrial applications, including for barley. ‘Huknuri’ is a new naked non-waxy barley cultivar with black lemma. It was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2011. The initial cross was carried out in 2002, and an elite line (HB16225-B-B-9) was selected in 2006. Since then, through preliminary yield and advanced yield trials, it was designated as ‘Iksan 100’. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials from 2009 to 2011 and was released as ‘Huknuri’, possessing high anthocyanin content and black lemma with a non-waxy endosperm. The average heading and maturing dates of ‘Huknuri’ were April 23 and May 29 in paddy fields, which were one day earlier and the same as those of the check cultivar ‘Saessalbori’, respectively. It had a culm and spike length of 87 and 5.0 cm, respectively. It showed 601 spikes per m2, 61 grains per spike, 29.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 780 g of test weight. ‘Huknuri’ showed better resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus and higher water absorption and expansion rates than those of the check cultivar. Its average pearled grain yield in the regional yield trial was 3.44 MT/ha in upland, and 3.56 MT/ha in paddy fields, which were 5% lower and 1% higher than those of the check cultivar, respectively. The anthocyanin content was 180 µg/g, which was higher than that of the check cultivar.
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Joil’ is a multiple disease resistant early maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality. ‘Joil’ was derived from a single cross between ‘Unbong37’ (cultivar name ‘Unmi’) and ‘HR23156-26-2-3-5’. ‘Unmi’ is an early maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality and resistance to rice blast and stripe virus. ‘HR23156-26-2-3-5’ is an early maturing elite rice line with lodging resistance and cold tolerance. ‘Joil’ was selected through the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests. ‘Joil’ was an early maturing rice. The heading date of ‘Joil’ was July 16 in early transplanting cultivation, which was 2 days later than that of ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Joil’ was a lodging resistance rice with a short culm and showed better tolerance to viviparous germination than that of ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Joil’ was a multiple disease resistant rice with resistance against rice blast, bacterial blight, and stripe virus. ‘Joil’ showed higher yield in both early and late-transplanting cultivations than those of the standard rice cultivars ‘Jopyeong’ and ‘Geumo’. ‘Joil’ had enhanced grain quality under high temperature ripening conditions in early transplanting cultivation. The cooked rice had good grain appearance and taste attributes, and this cultivar had a higher head rice ratio than that of ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Joil’, a multiple disease resistant early maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality, would be suitable for early transplanting cultivation in the southern plain area (Registration No. 6792).
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Cheongja4’ is a black soybean cultivar developed via a cross between ‘Milyang148’ and ‘Daemang’ in 2005. F1 and F2 populations were grown for 2 years, and promising lines were selected using the pedigree method from F3 to F5. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2011 to 2012, and regional yield trial (RYT) in 7 regions was conducted from 2013 to 2015. ‘Cheongja4’ is determinate and has purple flowers, a green cotyledon, and black spherical seeds. Flowering date and maturing date were Aug. 5 and Oct. 19, respectively. With respect to its quantitative characteristics, ‘Cheongja4’ has more pods (50) and smaller seed size (30.1g/100-seed weight) than ‘Cheongja3’ (38 and 35.2g/100-seed weight). ‘Cheongja4’ was revealed to be more tolerant to pod shattering than ‘Cheongja3’ in RYT field and indoor test. ‘Cheongja4’ had high levels of resistance to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus in field and inoculation test. Although its seed quality-related characteristics were similar to those of ‘Cheongja3’, it contained more anthocyanin in the seed coat; this is the main functional component of black soybean. The mean yield of ‘Cheongja4’ in RYT was 314kg/10a, 123% of the yield of ‘Cheongja3’. ‘Cheongja4’ is expected to be widely used for variable functional purposes, such as cooking with rice and the production of processed food.
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‘Geumsilchal’ is a Proso millet (
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We developed high-quality Korean pepper (
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The soybean cultivar ‘Gangpoong’ was developed for soy-paste and tofu. Suwon 223 and SS 00419 were crossed in 1999 and their progenies were selected from F3 to F5 using the pedigree method. Preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield (AYT) trials were conducted from 2008 to 2010, and regional yield trials (RYT) were conducted at three locations from 2011 to 2013. In RYT, ‘Gangpoong’ was stable in variable environments. ‘Gangpoong’ was determinate, with white flowers, yellow elongated spherical seeds, and a light brown hilum. The flowering and maturity dates were July 27 and October 8, respectively. The plant height was 67 cm shorter than that of ‘Daewonkong’ (81 cm, standard cultivar). ‘Gangpoong’ had fewer node numbers (16) than that of ‘Daewonkong (18) and had a heaver seed weight (30.1 g/100-seed weight) than that of ‘Daewonkong (26.0 g/100-seed weight)’. ‘Gangpoong’ showed lodging tolerance. The tofu yield of ‘Gangpoong’ was 213%, and the physical characteristics of tofu were similar to those of ‘Daewonkong (208%, standard cultivar)’. The soybean malt scent and fermented soybean yield of ‘Gangpoong’ were 2 and 105%, respectively. The yield in adaptable regions was 3.4 MT/ha, which was 14% higher than that of ‘Daewonkong’. Therefore, ‘Gangpoong’ could be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu in the near future (Registration number: 5932).
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A new small red bean cultivar, ‘Seona’, was artificially crossed between ‘SA9201-2B-18-1-4-1-4’ and SA9411-2B-1-1-2 in 1999, with fixed excellent agronomic characters using the pedigree breeding method, and selected for the further trials a ‘Miryang 18’. It was prominent and had desirable characteristics such as high grain quality, lodging resistance, and high antioxidant activity in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2012 to 2014 and was released for public consumption as ‘SA9914-2B-9-2-3-3-1’ in 2014. ‘Seona’ has a semi-determinate growth habit, yellow flowers, green embryonic axis, dark red seed coat, white hilum, and small spherical seeds (15.6 g per 100 seeds). The average yield of ‘Seona’ was 2.04 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2012 to 2014, which was a slightly higher than that (1.97 MT/ha) of the control variety, ‘Chungju’ (Registration No. 6051).
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A cowpea cultivar ‘Okdang’ (
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‘Matdream’ was derived from a cross between ‘Yeongdeok34(Pungmi)’ and ‘Ilpumbyeo’ in 2001. This variety had a heading date of August 8 in Gyeonggido. It had a semi-elect plant type and resistance to lodging with strong culm. Its culm length was 78 cm. This variety had 12 tillers per hill and 122 spikelets per panicle. It was a medium grain variety, and the 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 22.2 g. Its cold tolerance was stronger than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. This variety had wind tolerance. It was moderately resistant to rice blast diseases and had stripe virus resistance, but was susceptible to bacterial leaf blight, other virus diseases, and insect pests. Its appearance of milled rice was clear and its milled rice had lower amylose and protein contents than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. Its palatability of cooked rice was better than that of ‘Chucheongbyeo’, which was harvested in Suwon. Its head-rice percentage after milling was 74.4%, which was higher than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. The yield of milled rice was 5.17 MT/ha under the ordinary culture of the local adaptability test in four areas of Gyeonggido for three years. Under early transplanting cultivation, its yield of milled rice in 2011 was 5.69 MT/ha in the central plain area, Suwon. ‘Matdream’ was highly adaptable to the Gyeonggido area, especially to the northern region of Han River (품종보호번호: 제5087호).
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‘Yeongwoo’, a mid-late flowering, high dry matter yielding rice (
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The persimmon cultivar Gamnuri (
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The Jinsang 2 cultivar is a new late-maturing, low amylose rice variety with a medium to short culm created by the Seedpia Inc. breeding company in 2012. This variety was derived from a cross between Junam, a high-yield and lodging tolerant source, and DM3-8-72-9, which was derived from a cross between Donjinchal and Milkyqueen, with a low amylose content and superior agronomic traits. A general single seed descent method was applied to develop Jinsang 2 in the F3-F4 generations. During the F5-F8 generations, the breeding lines were selected through a pedigree breeding method. A promising line, JS6-B-52-8-3-5-1-B-B-B, was selected and named HJ-6 in 2011. This variety headed on the 25th of August, which was 14 days later than Hwayoung. The culm and panicle length of the variety was 71.6 cm and 19.9 cm, respectively. The milled rice from the variety had a dull and medium- to short-grain, and the 1,000-grain weight was around 20.0 g. It had a low amylose content of 12.2% and a low protein content of 6.8%. The yield performance of Jinsang 2 milled rice was about 5.36 MT/ha from the ordinary culture replicated yield trial test.
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