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고색소 고추 품종 ‘적영’ 육성

이우문1, 양은영2,*, 조명철2, 채수영2, 최학순3, 문지혜2

Breeding of Korean Red Pepper Variety ‘Jeockyoung’ with High Carotenoid Content

Woo-Moon Lee1, Eun Young Yang2,*, Myeong Cheoul Cho2, Soo Young Chae2, Hak Soon Choi3, Ji-Hye wMoon2
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(3):302-306.
Published online: August 31, 2018

국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 약용작물과

국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부 채소과

국립원예특작과학원 기획조정과

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(E-mail: yangyang2@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-6613, Fax: +82-63-238-6605)
• Received: May 24, 2018   • Accepted: July 10, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • We developed high-quality Korean pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties to compete with imported chili peppers from China. The ‘OH95’ line, which was introduced from Hungary in 1997, was self-pollinated, and the resulting ‘62067L2’ was selected as a pigment-rich maternal line in 2003. However, RSS and LV2319, both developed in 1993, were cross-bred, after which the paternal line ‘62027R3’ was developed by consecutive selections and generation advancement. After the cross combinations were performed, their horticultural characteristics were evaluated for two years, and subsequently, regional adaptation trials were conducted for at three different sites over three years. Of these, a new pepper variety, ‘Jeockyoung’ exhibited an average ASTA value of 175, representing pigment content, which was approximately 43% higher than that of a commercial cultivar ‘Manitta’. In addition, the capsaicinoid content of ‘Jeockyoung’ was 114.4±11.6 mg/100 g, which was slightly higher than that (86.3±2.8 mg/100 g) of the control cultivar. Moreover, regional adaptation trials revealed that the new variety showed regional differences in annual yield; however, the yield was approximately 18% higher than that of the commercial cultivar. Fruit weight, length, and diameter of the new variety were approximately 21.8 g, 14.3 cm, and 2.2 cm, respectively. The flowering period was approximately 101 days after sowing, which was similar to that of the control cultivar. In addition, leaf length and plant height were also not different from those of the control cultivar.
김치의 주 재료인 고추는 우리나라에서 재배되는 주요 양념채소로 그 동안 채소작목 중 가장 많은 면적에서 재배되었으나 최근 농촌 고령화, 이상기상에 따른 연차간 작황변동 및 고추 가격 정체 등으로 점차 그 면적 및 생산량이 감소하여 2016년 기준 32,100여 ha에서 85만 4천톤이 생산되고 있다(MAFRA 2017). 이에 반해 중국으로부터의 냉동고추의 수입은 지속적으로 늘어나 지난 10년간 고추류 수입이 크게 늘어 2007년 87,623톤에서 2015년 105,622톤으로 증가하였고(KREI 2017) 이로 인한 국내 고추 재배농가의 어려움은 더욱 가중되고 있다.
최근 들어 수입산 고추와의 차별성 확보를 위해 고품질 고춧가루 생산이 가능한 고색소 품종 육성에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 고추의 품질은 색도와 맛 성분이 크게 좌우하는 것으로 보고되고 있으며(Kim et al. 2004) 그 중 중요한 외적 품질요소인 색깔은 일반적으로 적색소로 평가되고 있다(Hwang et al. 2011). 고추의 붉은 색을 결정하는 적색소는 카로티노이드 중 주로 캡산틴과 캡소루빈으로 알려져 있으며(Hornero-Mendez et al. 2000) 이러한 카로티노이드는 항산화, 항암, 심장병예방 등의 효과가 있는 대표적인 기능성 대사산물이다(Cooper 2004, Mozaffarieh et al. 2003).
고추가 원료가 되는 대표적인 발효식품인 고추장은 최근 들어 웰빙 지향 추세에 따라 원료 및 제조방법을 차별화한 프리미엄 제품에 대한 특허기술을 확보하고자 하는 추세가 두드러지며(Lee 2013) 실제 품종개발 회사와 식품개발회사가 협력하여 고품질 품종을 육성하고 이를 원료로 한 제품개발 연구도 이루어지고 있다(RDA 2014a). 이처럼 저가의 수입산 고추에 대응할 수 있으며, 국내산 고추를 원료로 한 가공품 시장의 저변 확대를 위해 고색소 고추 품종 ‘적영’을 육성하였다. 이 품종은 2009년 11월에 농촌진흥청 신품종심사위원회를 통과하여 2011년 11월 국립종자원에 품종명 ‘적영’으로 출원되었고, 2년간 국립종자원에서 DUS검정을 통과하여 2014년 제5086호로 품종등록 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이의 육성경위와 주요특성을 보고하는 바이다.
육성과정
기존 재배품종보다 카로티노이드 함량이 높은 고색소 고추 품종 육성을 목표로 1997년 헝가리에서 도입한 고색소 ‘OH95’ 자원을 자식하여 2003년 고색소 계통 모본 ‘62067L2’를 육성하였다. 부본으로 사용한 ‘62027R3’은 1993년 RSS와 LV2319를 교배한 후 선발 및 세대진전을 수행하여 F6 세대까지 고정시켰으며, 2003년 두 계통을 이용한 교배조합을 작성하였다(Fig. 1). 2년간 교배조합의 원예적 특성을 평가 후 다시 3년간 수원, 화천, 영양 3개소에서 지역적응시험을 수행한 결과 고색소 다수성으로 인정되어 2009년 11월 농작물직무육성 신품종선정위원회를 통과하였고 품종명을 ‘적영’이라고 명명하였다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’.
KJBS_50_302_fig_1.jpg
지역적응시험
육성품종인 ‘적영’이 노지재배 작형에 적합한지 평가하기 위해 경기 수원, 강원 화천, 경북 영양 등 3지역에서 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년간 지역적응시험(RYT, Regional Yield Trial)을 수행하였다. 재배방법은 농촌진흥청 고추 표준재배양식에 준하여 재식거리 120×35 cm, 난괴법 3반복으로 하여 1반복당 300주씩 재배하였다. 파종기는 2월 중하순, 정식은 5월 상순, 수확은 7월 하순부터 실시하였고 농촌진흥청 고추 조사기준(RDA 2014b)에 의거하여 생육특성 및 수량성을 조사하여 대비품종인 ‘마니따’와 비교하였다. 병해충 저항성은 포장 달관조사하여 1(강)~9(약)단계로 평가하였다.
품질분석
고추 색소를 나타내는 ASTA 값의 측정은 55°C에서 48시간 열풍 건조시킨 고추에서 종자를 제거 후 분쇄기로 갈아 1 mm 체를 통과한 고춧가루를 이용하였다. 고춧가루 0.1 g를 취하여 100 mL의 acetone을 담은 빛이 통하지 않는 용기에 넣은 후 16시간 동안 방치한 후 460nm에서 흡광도를 측정하고 아래의 식으로 계산하였다.
ASTA color = 흡광도 × 16.4 × If/시료무게(g)
If : 기계보정요인(Instrument correction factor)
고추의 매운 성분인 Capsaicinoids 함량은 씨를 제거한 태좌와 과육부분을 동결 건조 후 시료 1 g을 아세톤 10 mL로 추출하여 메탄올로 5배 희석하여 0.45μm membrane filter로 정제 후 HPLC(Waters, USA)로 분석하였다. Column은 μBondapak C 18 (Waters Co.), 용매는 메탄올과 1% acetic acid를 7:3의 비율로 혼합하였고 208nm의 UV detector로 분석하였다. Capsaicin과 dihydrocapsaicin 함량을 각각 측정하여 그 합을 capsaicinoids 함량으로 하였다.
주요 품종 특성
신품종 ‘적영’의 고유특성을 살펴보면 반직립형의 초형을 가진 무한생장형이며, 착과방향은 하향, 하배축 안토시아닌이 100% 착색되며 식물체 줄기의 솜털은 거의 없는 편이다. 꽃색은 흰색이며 과실 성숙 전의 색이 농록색으로 녹색을 띠는 마니따와 차이를 보였다(Table 1). 가변특성은 개화소요일수가 101일로 대비종의 103일과 비슷하였으며 과장 14.3 cm, 과경 2.2 cm, 잎몸길이 10.9 cm, 잎너비 4.8 cm로 대비종과 큰 차이가 없었으나 1과중이 21.8 g로 대비종 15.1 g에 비해 6.7 g 무거웠으며, 지제부에서 1분지까지의 길이인 주간길이가 30 cm로 대비종에 비해 6.5 cm 짧은 특성을 보였다(Table 2).
Table 1
Horticultural characteristics of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 1
Cultivar Fruit set direction Plant type Soft hair of stem Flower color Immature fruit color
Jeockyoung Down Semi-erect Non or little White Dark green
Manitta Down Semi-erect Non or little White Green
Table 2
Horticultural characteristics of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 2
Cultivar Days after sowing Fruit weight(g) Fruit length(cm) Fruit diameter(cm) Capsaicinoids (mg/100g)
Jeockyoung 101 21.8±4.4 14.3±1.0 2.2±0.2 114.4±11.6
Manitta 103 15.1±3.6 13.2±2.0 1.9±0.5 86.3±2.8
Cultivar Flesh thickness(cm) Fruit stalk length(cm) Fruit stalk thickness(cm) 1st node length(cm)
Jeockyoung 0.1±0.0 3.3±0.5 0.4±0.0 30.0±1.4
Manitta 0.1±0.0 4.0±0.4 0.4±0.0 36.5±0.5
내병충성
신품종 ‘적영’은 탄저병, 흰가루병, 세균성점무늬병, 진딧물, 가루이류에 대해 대비품종과 비슷한 정도의 병해충 저항성을 보였으나, 역병에 대해서는 대비품종에 비해 다소 강한 저항성을 보였다(Table 3).
Table 3
Indice of disease and insect resistance of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 3
Cultivar Phytophthora blight* Bacterial wilt Powdery mildew Virus Aphid White fly
Jeockyoung 5 7 7 5 7 7
Manitta 9 7 7 7 7 7

*0, Resistance; 9, Susceptible

수량성
‘적영’은 2007년~2009년 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 1차년도에는 수원, 화천, 영양 평균수량이 생과기준 2,392 kg/10a로 나타나 대비종 2,017 kg/10a 에 비하여 18% 증수하였고, 2차년도에는 영양지역 수량이 다소 낮았으나 3개소 평균 1,674 kg/10a로 마니따 대비 17% 증수하였다. 3년간 ‘적영’의 평균 수량은 1,977 kg/10a로 대비종 수량인 1,673 kg/10a 보다 18% 증가하여 3개소 3년 평균 시판품종 대비 18% 증수하였고 전국 노지재배 작형에 적합한 품종으로 판단되었다(Table 4).
Table 4
Comparison of pepper yield between a new variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 4
Region Yield (kg/10a)
Suwon Hwacheon Yeongyang Average
Cultivar Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta
2007 2,257a* 1,735b 2,363a 2,040a 2,557a 2,276a 2,392a 2,017a
2008 1,792a 1,502b 1,946a 1,741a 1,284a 1,047a 1,674a 1,430a
2009 1,428a 1,217b 1,975a 1,790a 2,187a 1,708a 1,863a 1,572a
Average 1,826a 1,485a 2,095a 1,857a 2,009a 1,677a 1,977a 1,673a

*DMRT at p=0.05

품질특성
고색소 고추 품종 ‘적영’의 고춧가루 색소함량을 분석한 결과 3년간 연차간 차이는 없었으나, 지역별 차이를 보여 화천의 경우 ‘적영’과 ‘마니따’가 각각 3년 평균 ASTA 값이 131.2 및 92.9로 나타나 수원, 영양 지역에 비해 전체적으로 색소함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고춧가루 품질이 재배지역의 기후, 토양에 영향을 받는다는 기존 보고와 같은 경향의 결과라고 판단된다(Hwang et al. 2011). 결과적으로 ‘적영’의 3년간 평균 ASTA 값은 174.7로 대비종에 비해 평균 43% 증가하였다(Table 5, Fig. 2).
Table 5
Comparison of ASTA value between a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 5
Region ASTA value
Suwon Hwacheon Yeongyang Average
Cultivar Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta
2007 202.5a* 133.4b 131.1a 95.1b 173.3a 152.6b 169.0a 127.0a
2008 184.9a 133.6b 125.0a 92.0b 229.9a 154.0b 179.9a 126.5a
2009 185.8a 118.4b 137.4a 91.5b 202.5a 127.9b 175.2a 112.6b
Average 191.1a 128.5b 131.2a 92.9b 201.9a 144.8b 174.7a 122.1b

*DMRT at p=0.05

Fig. 2
Fruit shape, color, and size of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’.
KJBS_50_302_fig_2.jpg
재배상의 유의점
‘적영’은 전국 노지재배작형에 적합한 품종이지만 성숙기가 일반 품종보다 다소 늦고 특별한 병해 저항성이 없어, 장마기 병충해 방제에 특히 유의하는 것이 좋다. 적정 정식기, 충분한 재식거리 확보 등 고추 표준재배 방법에 준하면서 재배기간이 긴 고추 작목의 특성상 충분한 관수 및 비배관리시 고품질의 고추를 다수확 할 수 있다(RDA 2016).
고추는 국내 농산물 중에서 쌀 다음으로 중요한 환금작물이다. 그러나 최근 농촌 노동력의 감소, 농촌 인구의 고령화, 악성노동의 회피 등으로 고추 재배면적과 생산량은 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. 이에 반해 중국으로부터의 냉동고추의 수입은 지속적으로 증가하고 있어 국내 고추 재배농가의 어려움이 더욱 가중되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 국제 경쟁력을 갖춘 고추 품종의 육성 및 보급은 국내 고추 산업의 발전에 매우 중요하게 기여할 수 있다. 국립원예특작과학원에서는 국내 재배여건에서 중국산 수입고추에 대응하기 위해 고색소 고추 품종 ‘적영’을 육성하였다.
1997년 헝가리에서 도입한 ‘OH95’ 자원을 자식하여 2003년에 고색소 계통으로 모본 ‘62067L2’를 선발하였고, 1993년 RSS와 LV2319를 교배한 후 선발 및 세대진전을 수행하여 부본 ‘62027R3’을 육성하였다. 교배조합을 작성 후 2년간 조합의 원예적 특성을 평가 후 3년간 수원, 화천, 영양 3개소에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다.
육성된 품종 ‘적영’은 고추가루의 색소함량이 ASTA value 3년 평균 175로 기존 시판품종 122보다 약 43% 높으며, 매운맛은 capsaicinoids 함량 114.4±11.6 mg/100 g으로 대비품종 86.3± 2.8 mg/100 g에 비해 다소 높은 편이다. 지역적응시험결과 선발 조합의 수확량은 지역간 차이를 보였으나 시판 품종에 비하여 18% 정도 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 과중은 21.8 g, 과장 14.3 cm, 과경은 2.2 cm 정도이다. 개화기는 파종 후 101일 전후로 대비종과 비슷하며 잎과 초장도 대비 품종과 비슷하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 기본과제(PJ012671012018)의 연구비지원에 의해 수행된 결과의 일부이며 연구비 지원에 감사드립니다.
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Breeding of Korean Red Pepper Variety ‘Jeockyoung’ with High Carotenoid Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(3):302-306.   Published online September 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.3.302
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Breeding of Korean Red Pepper Variety ‘Jeockyoung’ with High Carotenoid Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(3):302-306.   Published online September 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.3.302
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Breeding of Korean Red Pepper Variety ‘Jeockyoung’ with High Carotenoid Content
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’.
Fig. 2 Fruit shape, color, and size of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Breeding of Korean Red Pepper Variety ‘Jeockyoung’ with High Carotenoid Content

Horticultural characteristics of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

Cultivar Fruit set direction Plant type Soft hair of stem Flower color Immature fruit color
Jeockyoung Down Semi-erect Non or little White Dark green
Manitta Down Semi-erect Non or little White Green

Horticultural characteristics of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

Cultivar Days after sowing Fruit weight(g) Fruit length(cm) Fruit diameter(cm) Capsaicinoids (mg/100g)
Jeockyoung 101 21.8±4.4 14.3±1.0 2.2±0.2 114.4±11.6
Manitta 103 15.1±3.6 13.2±2.0 1.9±0.5 86.3±2.8
Cultivar Flesh thickness(cm) Fruit stalk length(cm) Fruit stalk thickness(cm) 1st node length(cm)
Jeockyoung 0.1±0.0 3.3±0.5 0.4±0.0 30.0±1.4
Manitta 0.1±0.0 4.0±0.4 0.4±0.0 36.5±0.5

Indice of disease and insect resistance of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

Cultivar Phytophthora blight* Bacterial wilt Powdery mildew Virus Aphid White fly
Jeockyoung 5 7 7 5 7 7
Manitta 9 7 7 7 7 7

*0, Resistance; 9, Susceptible

Comparison of pepper yield between a new variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

Region Yield (kg/10a)
Suwon Hwacheon Yeongyang Average
Cultivar Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta
2007 2,257a* 1,735b 2,363a 2,040a 2,557a 2,276a 2,392a 2,017a
2008 1,792a 1,502b 1,946a 1,741a 1,284a 1,047a 1,674a 1,430a
2009 1,428a 1,217b 1,975a 1,790a 2,187a 1,708a 1,863a 1,572a
Average 1,826a 1,485a 2,095a 1,857a 2,009a 1,677a 1,977a 1,673a

*DMRT at p=0.05

Comparison of ASTA value between a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

Region ASTA value
Suwon Hwacheon Yeongyang Average
Cultivar Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta Jeockyoung Manitta
2007 202.5a* 133.4b 131.1a 95.1b 173.3a 152.6b 169.0a 127.0a
2008 184.9a 133.6b 125.0a 92.0b 229.9a 154.0b 179.9a 126.5a
2009 185.8a 118.4b 137.4a 91.5b 202.5a 127.9b 175.2a 112.6b
Average 191.1a 128.5b 131.2a 92.9b 201.9a 144.8b 174.7a 122.1b

*DMRT at p=0.05

Table 1 Horticultural characteristics of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 2 Horticultural characteristics of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.
Table 3 Indice of disease and insect resistance of a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

0, Resistance; 9, Susceptible

Table 4 Comparison of pepper yield between a new variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

DMRT at p=0.05

Table 5 Comparison of ASTA value between a new pepper variety ‘Jeockyoung’ and a control cultivar ‘Manitta’ for 3 years, 2007-2009.

DMRT at p=0.05

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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