Community Plant Variety Rights (CPVR) system was introduced in 1995 in European Union. This right guarantees the exclusive exploitation rights for a plant variety and is effective in 28 EU member states through a single application to the Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO). The legal basis for the CPVR system is found in the Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 (the Basic Regulation). The scope of protection in the Basic Regulation is extended in the same way in UPOV 1991 convention. However, the protection of harvested material is not sufficiently well-defined in the Basic Regulation resulting in uncertainties and loopholes in the CPVR. By exceptions to the breeder’s right provision, farmers may save seed for some species provided that they pay an appropriate royalty to rights’ holder which is lower than that of equivalent certified seed. CPVR holders currently find it difficult to obtain royalties for farm saved seed (FSS) use, in part due to the difficulty in requesting information from farmers. The provision for ‘Essentially Derived Varieties’ (EDVs) helps to protect against plagiarism of plant varieties that are too similar to one another. However, there is no standardized protocol or threshold developed by CPVO to determine EDVs. The CPVR law provides a harmonized intellectual property regime for plant varieties at EU level, but enforcement varies widely in practice in Member States. And in some cases dispute resolution mechanisms are not easily accessible. This is considered to be one of the biggest problems inhibiting an effective EU-wide plant variety rights system.

Fusarium wilt, caused by a fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc), is a destructive disease of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Currently, there are reports concerning molecular markers linked to Fusarium wilt disease resistance gene (FocBo1) in cabbage. In this study, we have studied a relationship between the FocBo1 gene and six cabbage breeding lines obtained from Asia Seed Company. The six cabbage breeding lines were evaluated resistance levels to Foc by combing of disease phenotypes and fungal biomass in planta. Of 6 breeding lines, KR-518 and OK-517 presented strong resistance and RK-P6-1, moderately resistance, whereas MT-624, JK-2, and HY-164, were susceptible to Foc. To define the correlation between the wilt disease resistance phenotype and the presence of resistance FocBo1 gene, we employed RT-PCR with MTK-C marker, which is known to be linked to FocBo1 resistant gene. The results exhibited inaccuracy in differentiating resistant and susceptible plants with genomic DNA samples, but it shows 100% correlation with cDNAs, indicating there is exceptional breeding line that contains FocBo1 gene in its genome with no expression. After cloning and sequencing the MTK-C product, a specific molecular marker, FocBo1-C, was developed which amplify a single, easily resolved band from cDNA of cabbage breeding lines with FocBo1 gene. Altogether, these results indicate that the three cabbage breeding lines in resistant category contain the resistance FocBo1 gene and moreover, the expression level of FocBo1 affect the degree of resistance of cabbage breeding lines, suggest the semidominant nature of FocBo1 gene in cabbage.

In this study, we investigated the fruit and vine characteristics of hypo- and hyper-tetraploid grapes from which a chromosome was added or deleted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of developing seedless grapes by utilizing the characteristics of hypo- and hyper-tetraploid grapes. Both the hypo- and hyper-tetraploid grapes showed stable vine growth characteristics unlike other aneuploid plants, which displayed abnormal leaf morphology and unstable vine growth patterns, indicating that hypo- and hyper-tetraploid grapes can be used for commercial purpose. The hypo-tetraploid grapes produced 100% seedless fruits, with large berries ranging from 8.5 to 10.5 g, when the grapes were applied with 100 ppm gibberillic acid during their full bloom period. Although the fruits of the hyper-tetraploid grape were larger than those of the hypo-tetraploid grapes, it produced a lower percentage of seedless fruits. We conclude that the characteristics of hypo-tetraploid grapes may be exploited to develop seedless grapes with large berries.

This study was conducted to analyze the starch and pasting properties of fourteen glutinous rice varieties with different maturity, and we compared the textural characteristic difference in relation to stickiness of glutinous rice cake. The whiteness values of grain appearance showed significantly differences in the order of early < medium < mid-late maturing glutinous rice varieties. Early maturing glutinous rice varieties exhibited a little high tendency for crude protein content than that of other varieties. Mid-late glutinous rice varieties showed higher of short chain ratio of 6 to 12 in DP of amylopectin whereas, medium length chains of 13 to 24 were significantly low. According to Rapid Visco-Analyzer measurement glutinous rice flours and starches, peak time showed high negative correlation with short chains of 6 to 12 in DP. The hardness of mid-late maturing glutinous rice cake was distinctly lower than that of the other glutinous rice varieties. Furthermore, mid-late maturing glutinous rice varieties, Baegseolchal, Dongjinchal and Baekogchal tend to show lower and slower in hardness changes of rice cake during storage. The hardness changes of glutinous rice cake had positive correlation with the amylose content and peak time and negative correlation with short chains of 6 to 12 in DP of amylopectin, respectively.

This study was carried out to evaluate the oil contents and fatty acid compositions of 379 soybean germplasm accessions which is composed of 128 Korean, 214 Chinese and 37 USA accessions, and to select useful resources for the development of high oil content and quality fatty acid varieties in soybean. Korean and Chinese germplasm accessions were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, and USA accessions from the Plant Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Kyungpook National University, Korea. The oil content ranges from 12.7~26.0% with an average of 19.1% among accessions. The average contents and ranges of palmitic and stearic acid, saturated fatty acids (SFA), were 10.6% with a range of 4.1~18.1% and 2.9% with a range of 1.9~ 12.7% respectively, while those of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), were 28.2% with a range of 15.3~56%, 51.2% with a range of 24.4~68% and 7.1% with a range of 3.4~11.1% respectively. The average linoleic(ω -6)/linolenic(ω-3) acid ratio was 7.5 ranging from 3.8~17, and the average SFA and USFA contents were 13.5% ranging from 6.7~21.7% and 86.5% ranging 78.3~93.4% respectively. Accessions with better essential properties were selected as useful resources for the development of high oil content and quality fatty acid varieties. Three accessions, Suinong 14, Dongnong 434 and Dongnong 46 from China contain oil higher than 25.0%, while five accessions including KLG 12073 and KLG 12074 from USA, Jilin 14 from China, Kwangan and Bongeui from Korea contain oleic acid higher than 50%. Eight accessions including KLG12083 and KLG12081 from USA contain linoleic acid higher than 60%. Seven accessions including KLG 12093 and KLG12096 from USA contain linolenic acid lower than 4%. Five accessions, KLG12074 and KLG12073 from USA, Kwangan and Bongeui from Korea, and Dongnong 47 from China were low linoleic acid(ω-6)/linolenic(ω-3) ratio resources with lower than 4.5.

One hundred sixty four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines expressing the long spike were developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration. Six of 11 genes showed allelic variation among 164 lines and they were highly related to yield traits containing spike and kernel number, kernel length, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield. Analysis of allelic variation of each gene showed high correlation between allelic variation and agricultural characteristics. Coefficient of correlation between culm length and spike length was the highest 0.436. The heading date of the lines expressed Vrn-D1 allele was late and the lines expressed Vrn-D1 allele had longer spike length and higher number of kernel per spike than other lines. There was no significant difference in agronomic characteristics of analysis of Vrn-B1. Ppd-D1b was related to heading date and higher number of spike/m². Ppd-D1a was corresponded to number of kernel per spike and 1000-kernel weight. Three haplotypes, Hap-L, Hap-6A-G and TaCwi-A1a, were related to 1000-kernel weight.

Molecular markers related to flour qualities of long spike wheat lines were evaluated. Ash, wet gluten and protein content of long spike wheat lines were higher than Keumkang(Korean wheat cv.) but SDS-sedimentation volume(SDSF) was lower. Particle size and lightness of flour of long spike wheat lines showed similar to Keumkang. The high positively correlation was presented between protein content and SDSF, wet gluten and particle size, respectively. However, negatively correlation was between protein content and lightness. Through the analysis of molecular markers, we identified the genotypes of four genes, Glu-A3c, Wx-A1a, Wx-B1a and Wx-D1a. These genes had same genotypes with Keumkang. Six genes, Glu-A1c, Glu-B1c, Glu-D1a, Glu-B3g, Pina-D1and Pinb-D1b, were presented in most of the lines. Two genes, Glu-A1 and Glu-B1b, were related to higher protein contents and wet gluten. The lines containing three genotypes, Glu-D1d, Glu-B3h and Pinb-D1b, had higher ash, protein contents, SDSF and wet gluten, and lightness was darker. Through the results, we expect that long spike type wheat lines are necessary to breed wheat having high yield productivity.

This study was conducted to compare the agricultural characteristics of total 444 common bean accessions from Korea (296), China (76), and El Salvador (72). Days to flowering were ranged from 41 to 83 days with an average of 61 days. Days to sowing to maturing were ranged from 86 to 143 days with an average of 104 days. Common beans from El Salvador tend to bloom and mature 3 to 7 days earlier than Korea and China accessions. In growth habit, over 50% of Korea and China accessions were indeterminate and climbing type, but 90.1% from El Salvador were Semi-determinate and climbing type. Qualitative traits were much different among three countries. Eighty-two percentage of immature pod colors were dark pink from El Salvador, but many of those were pale yellow from Korea (77.6%) and China (61.8%). Seed shapes were divided into four types of round, oval, cubic and kidney type, and the highest percentage of those were 30.4% with kidney type. The highest of those was 36.6% with oval type from Korea, 55.3% with kidney type from China and 79.2% with cubic type from El Salvador. Morphological characteristics of common bean from El Salvador were much different from those of Korea and China, which is necessary to collect more germplasm from its native and expand genetic diversity of common beans. Four hundred thirty-five common beans from Korea, China and El Salvador were analyzed using SSR markers. Ninety-two alleles were detected with a lowest of 6 at the BM161, BM181 and a highest of 18 at the BM154, BM160. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.72. To similar with population size among three countries, 292 Korean accessions divided four replications with 73 accessions. As a result genetic diversity was the highest of 0.73 in Chinese populations, while the lowest of 0.48 in El Salvador populations.

In order to assess the substantial equivalence of two varieties of genetically modified rice, herbicide-tolerant Ab rice and the insect-resistant Bt rice, to the non-GM Dongjin-byeo cultivar. We analyzed the compositions and contents of the proximate, amino acids, minerals, fatty acids, vitamins, and anti-nutrients in their unpolished grains using t-test (p<0.05). A comparison of fatty acids compositions showed that the levels of stearic acid and arachidonic acid in Ab rice and those of myristic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and gadoleic acid in Bt rice were different significantly from the corresponding levels in Dongjin-byeo. Vitamin content did not differ between Bt and Dongjin-byeo, but the content of vitamins B1, B7, and E in Ab rice differed from that in Dongjin-byeo. Iron content in Ab and Bt rice was 2 times higher than that in Dongjin-byeo, although it was within the reference range set by Codex. The amount of the anti-nutrient trypsin inhibitor was 0.1 TIU/mg in the unpolished grain of all three rice varieties examined. Of the 47 components analyzed, 17 were significantly different among the three rice varieties; however, most of these differences were within the Codex reference range for commercial rice. Overall, it was confirmed that both Bt and Ab rice are substantially equivalent to the Dongjin-byeo and other commercial varieties of rice.

This study is to raise the utilization of genetic resources of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace from East Asia (Korea, Japan, and China) by evaluating genetic variation related to end use quality concerned to bread making quality and early maturity, two very important characteristics of Korean wheat cropping system. To clarify the allelic variation of Glu-1 loci which decides HMW glutenin subunit composition, SDS-PAGE and DNA marker analysis were conducted by using 485 East Asian landrace wheat accessions in National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA and NIAS genebank. And useful accessions getting full mark of glu-1 score and early maturity were selected to enhance the utilization of genetic resources to Korean wheat breeding.

In this study, wheats from China showed the distinct characteristic. Whereas Glu-A1c (null) and Glu-B1b (7+8) allele are the most frequent in Korean and Japanese accessions, Glu-A1a (2^*) and Glu-B1c (7^*+9) are the most in Chinese accessions. When it comes to unique composition, Glu-B1f (13+16) and Glu-D1e (2+10) subunits are only in Chinese resources. Glu-B1d (6+8), Glu-B1e (20), Glu-D1b (7+8), and Glu-D1c (4+1) subunits are only in Korean resources. The accessions from China also has high PIC value (0.53) compared to ones from Korea (0.35) and Japan (0.35). Grouping by UPGMA analysis of combination of Glu-1 allele, most accessions from Korea and Japan are in the same group, but most Chinese ones were distinguished as the distinctive group. The evaluation of bread baking quality by Glu-1 scoring system, 26 accessions got full marks. Among them, 16 accessions from China were also matured before early June, suitable to Korean cropping system. Especially, 3 accessions (K151847, K151865, K151962) had very early maturity, matured in late May. These genetic resources, having good gluten composition and early maturity, are expected to widely be used for Korean wheat breeding.

‘Jungmo 7002’ is a intermediate parent of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with flowering uniformity and lodging tolerance for the scenery and oil production. ‘Jungmo 7002’ was developed from the cross between ‘RS10//Erra/Tower’ as female parent and ‘RS10’ as male parent in 1984. A promising line, ‘84013-B-6-3-3-6’, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Mokpo116’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2011 to 2013 and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo 7002’. ‘Jungmo 7002’ has middle parted and dark-green leaf, Brownish-green stem, yellowish flower and black seed coat. The flowering date of ‘Jungmo 7002’ was 16th April and ripening date was 9th June. The yield of ‘Jungmo 7002’ was 247 kg/10a, which was 19% higher than ‘Hanlayuchae’ in regional adaptation trials. This intermediate parent showed high resistance to lodging tolerance. The oil content of ‘Jungmo 7002’ was 44.3%. In fatty acid composition of ‘Jungmo 7002’ , oleic acid content is 70.8%, which is 3.3% higher than ‘Hanlayuchae’. And ‘Jungmo 7002’ has no erucic acid. ‘Jungmo 7002’ will be adaptable to southwestern area including Jeonllanam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju island of Korea.

The ‘Jungmo1023’ is the japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Yeongdeog34 and F1 of Iksan456 and SR21097-B-B-19-2-2 by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2012. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1023’ is August 3 in middle plain area and it is six days earlier than ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ has 80 cm of culm length which is 4 cm shorter than those of ‘Hwaseong’ and 107 spikelet per panicle. The premature heading rate of ‘Jungmo1023’ was 3.3%. It showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and medium short grain shape. It has better palatability index of cooked rice (0.24) and lower amylose content (18.0%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (96.2%). ‘Jungmo1023’ showed 4.56 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 7 sites in ordinary cultivation. However, ‘Jungmo1023’ showed early cultivation culture adaptability because of 98% of its yield potential (4.99 MT/ha) compared to high yielding early-maturing variety ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ could be adaptable to the middle plain, mid-mountainous and north-east coastal area in Korea (Registration No. 5115).

‘Ibaekchal’ is a proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) variety developed and registered by Department of Sothern Area Crop Science, NICS, RDA in 2011. This variety which collected from Jeju was developed through pure line selection. ‘Ibaekchal’ is a medium late maturing variety having 109 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Milyang of Korea. The culm length is about 140 cm which is longer culm length than standard variety ‘Hwanggeumgigang’. However it is adapted to mechanized cultivation because it is tolerant to lodging in field. The panicle shape is a severe droopy type and the length is 40 cm. According to the grain, color and endosperm characteristics are white and glutinous. The milled yield performance of this variety was about 2.29 MT/ha in local adaptability test from 2010 to 2011 and it showed 15% increase than standard variety ‘Hwanggeumgigang’. Since Ibaekchal has adaptability to late planting, it is suitable for double cropping in mid and South Korea.

In order to select pollinizer varieties of high fruit qualities with large sized and high soluble solid contents, ‘Nishimurawase’ was crossed with ‘Johongsi’ at the Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 2000. Among these crossed seedlings, ‘00-16-121’ was selected primarily in 2007, and it was finally selected since it was worthy of not only a pollinizer but also ripen and dried persimmon and named ‘Partner’ in 2009. ‘Partner’ shows intermediate in growth habit and semi-spreading tree shape. It has plenty of male flowers and rich pollen amount with about 380 mg per one hundred flowers. The average optimum harvest time of ‘Partner’ was 144 days after full bloom and it matured around one week earlier than ‘Zenzimaru’ and three weeks later than ‘Nishimurawase’. The fruit is elliptic in shape and orange in skin color. Average fruit weight was 224 g, and soluble solids content was 18.8°Brix.

‘Superjami 2’, a new blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar was derived from a cross between CG2-3-5-1-6-1 (Heugjinju/Suwon 425) having a high cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) contents and ‘Daeribbyeo 1’ having a large grain size. During selected by pedigree breeding method until F10 generation, a promising line, SR28721-7-5-2-1-2-1, was advanced and designated as the name of ‘KNOU 6’. This variety headed on Aug. 30, so 125 days to heading after sowing and has 106 cm culm length. The panicle length of ‘Superjami 2’ was 20.4 cm. The number of panicle per hill was 8.5 ea, and the number of grain per panicles was 143.0 ea. The ratio of fertility of ‘Superjami 2’ was about 82.0% and 1,000-grain weight was about 30.1 g. The 1,000 grain weight of ‘Superjami 2’ (30.1 g) was heavier than that of ‘Heugjinju’. Also, ‘Superjami 2’ has 9 times higher C3G content compared with ‘Heugjinju’.

A ‘Hayanchal95’, a new waxy corn hybrid, is a single cross hybrid developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration(RDA) in 2011. This hybrid was made by crossing between seed parent KW44 and pollen parent KW35. Days to silking of Hayanchal95 was three days earlier than Ilmichal, a check hybrid. Ear length and diameter of Hayanchal95 were 18.3 cm and 4.1 cm, respectively. The ratio of kernel set length to ear length was 90% and lower than Ilmichal. Its quality characteristics like amylopectin content, hardness of kernels, and value of sensory evaluation were not significantly different from Ilmichal except grain length. Resistance to corn borer and lodging tolerance of Hayanchal95 were better than Ilmichal. The number of fresh ears was similar to those of Ilmichal and weight of fresh ears was lower than Ilmichal in regional yield trials (RYT) from 2009 to 2011. Although flowering time of its parent lines was good match during crossing between the seed and pollen parents, seed production was low. It is adaptable to the whole country. Plant variety protection right of ‘Hayanchal95’ was registered in July 2014, and its grant number is 5110.

A standard cultivar of R. hybrida ‘Honey Blue’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between R. hybrida ‘Pacific Blue’ and R. hybrida ‘Lovely Blue’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in 2012. It was finally selected in 2012 after investigation of the characteristics for five years (2008-2012). A standard type rose cultivar ‘Pacific Blue’was used as mother plant and it has medium scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D and 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene. A spray type rose cultivar ‘Lovely Blue’was used as pollen parent and it has strong scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D, geraniol and cadinene. ‘Honey Blue’has strong scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D, citronellol and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene. A standard type with large sized flower, it has violet colored (RHS Violet 84C) petals and 9.7 cm in flower diameter and 50.2 petals per flower. Vase life of this cultivar could be as long as 9.1 days. It takes 49 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 134 stems/m2 in a year. The stem length of cut flower was 75.8 cm. ‘Honey Blue’was granted on Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) with No. 4866 on March 17, 2014.

The new Chinese matrimony vine line, CB04340-64 was selected from the hybrids(F1) between CB02214-131 (IT232701) and Cheongyang 7 (IT232601) in 2004 to breed the cultivar with high quality and yielding. Its preliminary yield tests were performed from 2006 to 2008 and the selected line was named Cheongyang 14. Its regional yield trial was carried out in Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo from 2009 to 2011 and Cheongyang 14 was registered as the new variety, ‘Cheongkwang’ in 2011. The specific characteristics were summarized as follows; The leaf was ellipsoidal and small size. The fruit type was oblong and middle size. The flowering time was June 26 with medium flowering. The branching by twice pruning was generated a lot more than the check variety, Cheongun. The resistances to anthracnose and eriophyidae mite were similar to that of the check variety. The content of betaine of dried-fruit and brix degree of fresh fruit were higher than that of the check. The dried-fruit yield was increased about 15 percent in preliminary yield tests and 6 percent regional yield trials. This variety has self-incompatibility. So, the companion variety, Cheongmyeong, was required as pollinizer. (Certificate on grant of plant variety rights: Grant number No.4794, Protection Period 10/02/2014∼09/02/2034).

‘Dahomi’, a new sweetpotato variety, was developed for table use by the sweetpotato breeding team of Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2012. This variety was derived from the cross between ‘Muan4’ and ‘Jinhongmi’ in 2005. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2007 to 2008, preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2009 to 2010, and the regional yield trials was conducted at five locations from 2011 to 2012 and it was named as ‘Dahomi’. This variety has three or five lobes leaf, green leaf, stem, and petiole. Storage root of ‘Dahomi’ was elliptic, red skin, light orange flesh. This variety is resistant to fusarium wilt, but susceptible to root-knot nematode. Texture of steamed storage root was intermediate, and degree Brix of steamed storage root was 24.8 °Brix. The total sugar content of raw and steamed storage root was 9.7, 32.0/100 dry weight (g), respectively, which was higher than that of ‘Yulmi. Storage root yield of ‘Dahomi’ was 26.3 MT/ha under the early seasonal cultivation, which was 52% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’. Storage root yield of ‘Dahomi’ was 21.9 MT/ha under the optimum and late seasonal cultivation, which was 35% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’. The number of storage roots over 50 g per plant was 2.8 and the average weight of storage root was 138 g under the optimum and late seasonal cultivation.

‘Goso’, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA for end-use diversity. It was derived from the cross ‘Gobun/Ol” during 1998. ‘Goso’ was released from the line named as ‘Iksan325’ in 2010 after yield trials test in conducted for three years from 2008. ‘Goso’ is an awned, semi-dwarf, red grain and soft winter wheat. The heading and maturity date of ‘Goso’ were similar to ‘Keumkang’. ‘Goso’ had similar test weight (799 g/L) and lower 1,000-grain weight (42.5 g) than ‘Keumkang’ (804 g/L and 46.7 g, respectively). ‘Goso’ showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which withering rate on the low ridge (4.4%) and lower rate of pre-harvest sprouting (4.0%) than ‘Keumkang’ (1.6% and 29.8%, respectively). ‘Goso’ showed lower flour yield (63.7%), protein content (9.8%), SDS-sedimentation volume (30.0 ml) and gluten content (7.2%) than ‘Keumkang’ (73.6%, 12.6%, 50.0 ㎖ and 10.8%, respectively). It showed larger diameter (88 mm) and top-grade (5) of cookie than ‘Keumkang’ (79 mm and 2, respectively). HMW-GS compositions of ‘Goso’ were 2* in Glu-A1, 7+8 in Glu-B1 and 2.2+12 in Glu-D1, respectively. GBSS composition of ‘Goso’ was same with ‘Keumkang’ and expressed wild type. Pinb-D1 was wild type that was different in ‘Keumkang’. Average yield of ‘Goso’ in the regional adaptation yield trial test was 657 kg/10a in upland and 561 kg/10a in paddy field, which was 21% and 7% higher than those of ‘Keumkang’ (545 kg/10a and 524 kg/10a, respectively).

“Cheongwoo”, a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Kanto75/8/Tapdong/4/Bb#1/Jangkwang// STRAMCHO/3/Suwon220/5/Suwon185/ CI12703//Kanto75///Suwon219/7/F1277” and “Keumkang” in 1998 at RDA. “Keumkang” is a semi-hard white winter wheat with high yield. And mother plant is a winter wheat with long culm length, high yield. “Cheongwoo” was evaluated as “Iksan326” in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2007. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2008 and 2009. “Cheongwoo” is first whole crop wheat with long culm length, high-yield. The Heading date of “Cheongwoo” was similar to “Keumkang”. The average forage yield of “Cheongwoo” was about 14.8 ton ha^-1 in dry matter in paddy field. This dry matter was higher than dry matter of “Keumkang” (13.2 ton ha^-1). The cultivar had 97 cm of culm length, 1,070 spikes per m² and it showed better rate of culm. Culm length of “Cheongwoo” were longer than “Keumkang”. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -10°C in January in Korean peninsula. Our research will improve good-quality of silage by using winter cereal crops.