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New Cultivar Developed

고품질 복합내병충성 벼 품종 ‘드리미2호’ 육성

김은경1,†, 박재령2,3,†, 장윤희1,†, 손재근1, 이강섭4,*, 김경민1,3,*

Breeding of ‘Drimi2ho’, a High-quality Rice Cultivar with Multi-resistance

Eun-Gyeong Kim1,†, Jae-Ryoung Park2,3,†, Yoon-Hee Jang1,†, Jae-Keun Sohn1, Gang-Seob Lee4,*, Kyung-Min Kim1,3,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(3):224-233.
Published online: September 1, 2022

1경북대학교 대학원 응용생명과학과

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물육종과

3경북대학교 해안농업연구소

4농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부 생물안전성과

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*Corresponding Author: Kyung-Min Kim (E-mail: kkm@knu.ac.kr, Tel: +82-53-950-5711)
*Co-corresponding Author: Gang-Seob Lee (E-mail: kangslee@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-4714)

These authors contributed equally.

• Received: June 21, 2022   • Revised: July 21, 2022   • Accepted: July 21, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Rice is an important crop used as a staple food in most of the world; however the occurrence of pests is increasing due to climate change. In particular, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens stal) is a key cause of rice yield loss. In response to the era of unpredictable climate change in the future, the Plant Molecular Breeding laboratory of the Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea bred the ‘Drimi2ho’ strain, which is resistance to BPH or various pests and of excellent eating quality. In order to cultivate ‘Drimi2ho’, ‘Samgang’ and ‘Nagdong’ were crossed and the derived seeds were backcrossed with ‘Junam’, and the pedigree breeding method was applied. During the application of the pedigree method, agricultural characteristics which are investigated in the field were found to be excellent, and the best line for various disease resistance, grain quality, and yield was finally selected as ‘Drimi2ho’. ‘Drimi2ho’ has strong resistance to BPH and its range of resistance to major pests and viral diseases such as blast and bacterial blight on rice is quite wide. In the field, the main agricultural characteristics of ‘Drimi2ho’ were similar to or improved from those of ‘Junam’. ‘Drimi2ho’ is a cultivar with enhanced disease and pest resistance and a wide spectrum while maintaining the good eating quality. ‘Drimi2ho’ yielded 584 kg/10a in ordinary cultivation under normal level of fertilization in south mid-mountainous areas of Korea. Drimi2ho’ can thus be a standard cultivar in Korea due to its varied resistance to multiple diseases and excellent grain quality. (Registration No. 4686).
벼는 에너지와 영양면에서 다른 작물보다 우수한 식량 작물이며, 우수한 영양학적 가치 때문에 전세계 대부분의 나라에서 주식으로 활용되고 있다(Yu et al. 2020). 최근 급격한 기후변화와 예측 불가능한 이상 기후의 돌발 발생 빈도의 증가로 인해 병해충의 발생 시기와 빈도 그리고 발생 양상이 다양해지고 있다(Kuang et al. 2021). 이로 인해 이전에는 우리나라에서 발생 빈도가 극히 낮았던 병해충들의 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 이유들로 인해 우리나라에서 안정적인 벼 생산이 어려워지고 있다.
벼멸구로 인한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 최근에는 수많은 살균제와 살충제가 개발되었다(Liu et al. 2015). 하지만 무분별한 살균제 및 살충제의 사용은 내성이 생긴 새로운 해충 및 균계를 발생시킬 수 있다. 이러한 현상은 더욱 강력한 살균제 및 살충제를 요구하며, 환경오염의 발생과 같은 2차적인 피해도 발생할 수 있어 악순환의 연속이 된다(Matzrafi 2019). 따라서 벼를 재배할 때 병해충을 대비할 수 있는 최선의 방법은 친환경적이면서 안정적으로 다수확을 가능하게 하는 저항성 품종을 육성하고 이용하는 것이다(Jena et al. 2006). 대부분의 병해충 저항성 유전자는 인디카 계통의 벼에서 유래 되었으며(Mahesh et al. 2016, Hu et al. 2013), 식미의 열악형질들과 관련 유전자는 저항성 관련 유전자들과 매우 밀접하게 연관되어 있기 때문에 일반적으로 저항성 품종은 식미가 좋지 않은 특징을 가진다(Gupta et al. 2022). 또한 인디카벼는 다양한 저항성 유전자를 보유하고 있지만 저항성 유전자는 여러가지 열악 형질과 연관되어 있다. 대표적으로 벼멸구 저항성 유전자는 불임과 연관되어 있고(Fu et al. 2009), bph2는 도복관련 형질과 연관되어 있으며(Sharma et al. 2004), 벼멸구 저항성 계통은 대비품종에 비해 현미의 품질이 현저하게 저하된다고 보고되어 있다. 벼멸구는 우리나라뿐만 아니라 아시아 전역에서 발생하여 광범위한 지역에 분포하면서 수량감소와 같은 피해를 발생시킨다(Korinsak et al. 2016, Jena & Kim 2010). 벼멸구는 열대 지방에서는 월동이 가능하여 연중 벼멸구에 의한 피해가 발생 하지만, 우리나라와 일본과 같이 월동이 불가능한 지역에는 매년 6-7월에 중국 남부 및 동남아시아 지역으로부터 저기압 기류와 함께 비래 한다(Kwon et al. 2018). 6-7월에 비래한 벼멸구는 벼 포장에서 줄기 밑부분에 서식하며 체관으로 이동하는 양분을 흡즙하여 벼에 피해를 발생시킨다. 벼멸구로 인해 벼 줄기 밑부분이 약해지기 시작한 9월 초순경에는 벼 포장의 중간부분이 넓은 면적으로 움푹 내려 앉기도 하며 수량 감소에 직접적인 영향을 준다. 또한 벼멸구는 직접적인 피해 이외에도 RSV(ragged stunt virus) 와 GSV(grassy stunt virus)같은 바이러스병을 매개하는 매개해충으로 간접적인 피해를 주기도 한다(Cabauatan & Hibino 2018). 현재까지 수많은 벼멸구 저항성을 보유한 저항성 품종들이 육성되어 보급되고 있지만 농가에 보급된 후 2-5년 이내에 저항성이 무너지고 새로운 균계들이 발생하는 사례들이 많이 보고되고 있다(Jena & Kim 2010). 이는 벼 유전적 변이의 단순화와 병해충들의 새로운 균계 출현이 급격한 기후변화로 인해 빨라지고 있기 때문에 저항성 품종들의 주요 이병화 원인이 되고 있다. 또한 병해충 저항성 품종을 육성하기 위해 생물검정을 실시할 때의 기상환경, 검정 계통들의 생장시기 및 육묘의 상태, 그리고 충의 접종 밀도 및 사육 상태에 따라 검정결과의 편차가 심하며, 이에 따라 저항성을 잘못 판단하는 경우가 많다(Mohan et al. 1997). 따라서 급격한 기후변화에 대비하여 복합저항성을 보유한 품종들을 다양화하여 유전적 다양화를 할 필요성이 있다.
시대가 변화함에 따라 소비자들의 의식과 사회적 요구는 친환경 재배를 하면서 고품질의 안전한 벼를 생산하는 것을 요구하고 있다. 따라서 현재 육성되고 있는 벼 품종들은 재배기간 동안 농약에 의존하지 않고 병해충을 방제 할 수 있어야 하며 품질이 향상된 벼 품종 육성이 필요하다.
경북대학교 응용생명과학과 식물분자육종학 연구실에서는 예측 불가능한 기후변화와 돌발해충의 발생 빈도 증가에 대비하기 위해 벼멸구뿐만 아니라 다양한 병해충에 대해 강한 저항성을 가지는 벼 품종 육성하였다. 벼멸구, 잎도열병 및 흰잎마름병에 모두 저항성인 복합 저항성이면서 고품질 벼를 육성하기 위해 단교배, 약배양 및 여교배를 실시하였다. 고품질 벼인 ‘주남’을 배경으로 하여 육성된 계통들 중 주요 농업 형질이 우수하여 수량이 많으면서 각종 병해충에 대해 복합 저항성이고 품질이 우수한 ‘드리미2호’를 최종 선발하여 육성하였으며, ‘드리미2호’의 육성경위와 주요 농업적 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
시험 재료 및 재배 방법
‘드리미2호’를 육성하기 위해 ‘삼강’을 교배를 위한 모본으로 선정하였으며, ‘낙동’을 교배를 위한 부본으로 선정하였다. ‘삼강’과 ‘낙동’을 2001년도에 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속실험실습장에서 인공교배 하여 F1 식물체를 양성하였다. 이후 약배양을 통해 선발된 계통에 ‘주남’과 여교배 하여 벼멸구 저항성 및 식미가 우수한 계통을 선발하였다. 종자 파종을 위해 종자 소독액인 스포탁 (spotak, HANKOOKSAMGONG, Seoul, South Korea)을 이용하여 종자 소독하였으며, 소독된 종자는 암상태에서 25℃로 4일간 침종 및 최아 시켰다. 종자소독이 끝난 이후에 시험재료들은 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속실험실습장 포장에서 2002년 4월 21일에 50구 육묘 트레이에 파종하였으며, 파종량은 계통에 필요한 식물체의 양보다 10% 많이 파종하였다. 그리고 파종 후 30일 이후인 2002년 5월 21일에 이앙하였다. 포장에 이앙할 때는 재식거리 30×15 cm로 하였으며, 초기세대일 때는 주당 1본씩, 생산력 검정 시험부터는 주당 3본씩 이앙하였다. 벼 육성 기간 동안의 시비량은 농촌진흥청에서 제시하는 농업과학기술 연구 조사기준을 준수하였으며, N-P2O5-K2O=9-4.5-5.7 kg/10a 로 시비하였다. 포장에서 필요한 다양한 재배관리 방법은 농촌진흥청에서 제시하는 표준재배방법을 따랐다(RDA 2017). 특히 비료를 시비할 때 질소비료는 시비 : 분얼비 : 수비를 50 : 20 : 30의 비율로 분시 하였으며, 인산비료는 전량을 기비로 하였다. 칼륨은 기비 : 수비를 70 : 30의 비율로 분시 하였다. 그리고 벼 주요 농업형질, 생육특성, 수량특성, 생리장해 및 병해충 저항성, 도정특성과 관련된 다양한 조사 방법은 농촌진흥청에서 제시하는 신품종개발 공동연구사업 과제 수행계획서와 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 나타난 조사기준에 따라 실시하였다(RDA 2018).
주요 농업형질 및 수량 관련 형질 조사
벼 육성 포장에서 공시재료들의 수량과 관련된 형질들과 함께 주요 농업 형질들을 조사하였다. 포장에서 출수기 조사는 계통에서 출수가 50% 이루어진 시점을 조사하였고, 파종일로부터 출수기까지 걸린 일수를 조사하였다. 또한 출수기 이후 성숙기가 되었을 때 포장에서 각각의 계통 중에서 평균이 되는 30개의 개체에 대하여 간장, 수장, 수수를 조사하였다. 간장은 지면으로부터 이삭목까지의 길이를 측정하였으며, 수장은 이삭목으로부터 이삭 끝부분 까지의 길이를 조사하였고, 수수는 벼 포기 하단부에서 수수의 개수를 조사하였다. 벼가 등숙기가 되었을 때는 포장에서 계통 중 평균이 되는 5주를 예취 하여 수당 립수, 등숙률, 임실률을 조사하였으며, 3반복으로하여 각각의 반복하다 50주를 예취 하여 정조의 천립중을 조사하였다. 수확한 정조 1.5 kg을 수량조사현미기로 제영하여 정현 비율을 조사하였다. 현미 수량은 정현비율에 예취한 50주의 정조 수량을 곱하여 계산하였으며, 계산된 현미 수량은 10 a당 kg으로 조사하였다. 그리고 백미 수량은 현미 수량에 일반적으로 계산되는 현백률인 0.92를 곱하여 계산하였다(Park et al. 2020).
벼멸구 저항성 검정
벼멸구 저항성 검정을 하기 위해 벼멸구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원으로부터 분양 받았으며, 분양 받은 벼멸구는 온도 27 ± 1℃, 3,000 lux의 밝기로 16시간은 명상태, 8시간은 암상태를 유지하면서 벼멸구 사육실에서 계대사육 하였다. 계대사육을 위해 벼멸구 먹이로는 ‘추청’을 이용하였으며, 파종 후 3-4엽기 일 때 먹이로 주었고, 7일 간격으로 먹이를 교체해 주었다. 벼멸구의 사육 및 저항성 검정은 직접 제작한 사육상자를 이용하였다. 벼멸구 사육 상자는 빛이 통과할 수 있는 투명 아크릴상자 (50×50×40 cm)를 이용하여 제작하였으며, 사육상자의 앞면에는 미닫이식 문을 설치하였고, 옆면에는 40×30 cm의 크기로 망을 설치하여 사육상자 내부에 공기가 원활하게 순환할 수 있도록 하였다.
공시재료들을 이용한 벼멸구 저항성 검정은 공시 재료들이 파종 후 3-4엽기가 되었을 때 실시하였다. 공시 재료들을 플라스틱 상자 (32×23×10 cm)에 수도용상토를 5 cm 깊이로 넣은 후 계통 및 품종별로 구획 후 미리 발아된 종자를 각각 20립씩 4반복으로 핀셋 파종하였다. 벼멸구 접종은 파종 후 3-4엽기가 되었을 때 개체당 2-3령의 벼멸구 유충을 15마리의 밀도로 접종하여 벼멸구 저항성 정도를 조사하였다. 벼멸구 접종 후 우리나라 벼멸구 감수성 대표 품종인 ‘추청’이 90% 이상 고사하였을 때 벼 표준평가법의 기준에 따라 저항성 점수를 부여하였으며, 공시재료들을 저항성 또는 감수성으로 판정하였다(Horgan 2009).
품질 및 도정 특성 검정
공시재료들의 낟알 특성을 조사하였다. 공시재료들의 현미 30립에 대해서 낟알 길이, 낟알 너비를 버니어캘리퍼스(Caliper CD-15CP, Mitutoyo Corp., Japan)를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 장폭비는 낟알 너비에 대한 낟알 길이의 비율을 이용하여 계산하였다. 그리고 품질에 대한 조사를 하기 위해 품질을 구성하는 요소인 현미의 투명도, 심복백, 알칼리 붕괴도, 단백질 함량, 아밀로스 함량, 수분 함량을 조사하였다. 투명도 조사를 하기 위해 grain polisher (pearlest, cat. TP-3000, kett, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 현미를 백미 상태로 만들어서 투명도 조사를 하였다. 달관조사를 하기 위해 백미 30립을 이용하였으며, 백미가 가장 불투명한 것에 대해서 9점을 부여하였으며, 중간 정도인 것을 5점, 유리알처럼 매우 맑은 것을 1점을 부여하여 공시재료들의 백미 투명도를 조사하였다. 품질을 결정하는 요소인 심복백 정도를 조사하기 위해 투명도와 같이 달관 조사하였으며, 백미에 발생한 심복백 정도에 따라서 0-9점을 부여 하였다(0점: 심복백이 완전히 없을 때, 1점: 심복백이 백미 면적의 5% 이하 일 때, 3점: 심복백이 백미 면적의 6-10% 일 때, 5점: 심복백이 백미 면적의 11-20% 일 때, 7점: 심복백이 백미 면적의 21-40% 일 때, 9점: 심복백이 백미 면적의 41% 이상 일 때). 알칼리 붕괴도를 조사하기 위해 90×15 mm의 페트리디쉬(petridish, cat. 10090, SPL, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)에 1.4% KOH 용액 10 ml을 넣었다. 그리고 백미 6립을 일정한 간격으로 1.4% KOH 용액에 넣었으며 30℃의 인큐베이터에서 23시간 동안 정치하였고, 이후 달관조사를 통해 현미와 백미의 퍼짐정도 및 투명도를 조사하여 정도에 따라 각각의 0-7점을 부여하여 알칼리 붕괴도를 평가하였다 (1점: 백미상태에서 부풀지 않고 원상태 그대로 보존되어 있을 때, 2점: 백미상태보다 약간 부풀었지만 모양의 변화가 없을 때, 3점: 백미가 부풀어서 외관상 금이 발생한 것으로 보이며, 약간 퍼진 것이 보일 때, 4점: 백미에 금이 가서 갈라진 것이 보이고, 퍼짐 정도가 눈에 띄게 보이지만 투명화 현상이 없을 때, 5점: 백미가 심하게 갈라지고 투명화 현상이 시작될 때, 6점: 백미가 완전히 퍼졌으며, 백미의 외곽이 거의 투명하게 되었을 때, 7점: 백미의 형태를 알아볼 수 없을 정도로 투명화가 진행 되었을 때) (Cheo & Heu. 1975). 그리고 단백질, 아밀로스, 수분 햠량은 Near-infared spectroscopy (Kett, AN-820, Japoan)을 이용하여 분석하였다(AOAC 2000).
통계 분석
통계분석을 위해 SPSS software (IMMSPSS Statistics, version 22, IBMSPSS Statistics, version 22, Redmond, WC, USA)를 사용하였으며, 각각의 농업 형질들의 값을 비교 및 분석 하기 위해 t-test를 적용하였으며, 분산분석은 one-way ANOVA를 적용하여 분석하였다. 통계분석을 위해 포장에서 20개의 개체를 무작위로 선정하여 이용하였으며, 선정된 개체들을 이용하여 각각의 수량, 품질, 미질, 도정과 관련된 특성 및 형질들에 대한 평균을 조사하였다. 그리고 모든 실험 결과는 3반복 수행하여 얻어진 실험 결과이다.
품종 육성 경위
‘드리미2호’는 벼멸구에 저항성이면서 품질이 우수하며 재배안정성이 높은 벼 품종을 육성할 목적으로 2001년에 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속실험실습장에서 벼멸구에 저항성이면서 다수성인 ‘삼강’와 품질이 우수한 ‘낙동’을 인공 교배하여 F1 식물체를 양성하였으며, 약배양을 수행하여 doubled haploid 집단을 육성하였다(Fig. 1). ‘삼강’은 인디카 타입의 벼에서 유래한 벼멸구 저항성 유전자 Bph1을 가지고 있어 벼멸구에 저항성이다. 2005년에 육성 계통 중에서 포장특성이 양호하고 벼멸구에 저항성인 ‘SNDH39’를 양질성 품종인 ‘주남’과 3회 여교배(backcross)하여 2005/2006 동계온실에서 F1세대를 양성하였다. 2006년 하계포장에 F2세대 240개체를 전개하고 초형이 양호한 17개체를 선발하였다. 2007년도에 주요작물학적 특성과 벼멸구를 포함한 주요 병해충 저항성 및 품질검정을 실시하였고, 2007/2008년도 동계기간에 국제미작연구소 (International Rice Research Institute)에서 세대를 진전시켰다. 2008-2009년에는 생산력검정 및 지역적응성 시험을 수행하여 포장특성이 우수하고 벼멸구, 도열병, 흰잎마름병에 강한 복합내병충성이면서 미질이 양호한 ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’를 선발하여 ‘드리미2호’로 명명하였으며, ‘드리미2호’의 육성과정은 Fig. 2와 같다.
출수기 및 주요 농업적 특성
‘드리미2호’의 포장에서의 성숙기 생육 전경은 Fig. 3A와 같다. ‘드리미2호’의 출수기는 보통기 보비재배를 하였을 때 출수기가 8월 13일이였으며, 파종 후 104일로 ‘주남’(8월 14일, 파종 후 105일)과 비슷한 중생종이다. ‘드리미2호’의 간장 길이는 72 cm로 ‘주남’(69 cm)의 간장 길이보다 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 3 cm 긴 장간형이며, 수장 길이는 22 cm로 ‘주남’(18 cm) 보다 통계적으로 유의한 차이로 4 cm 더 길다. ‘드리미2호’의 주당수수와 수당 립수는 각각 18개와 109개로 ‘주남’(15개, 105개)보다 주당 수수는 3개가 더 많았으며, 수당 립수는 4개가 더 많았다. ‘드리미2호’의 등숙 비율은 92.4%로 ‘주남’(88.7%)보다 높고, 현미 천립중이 22.3 g인 중소립중으로 ‘주남’(20.3 g) 보다 더 무거웠다(Table 1). ‘주남’의 잎색은 진한 녹색인 반면, ‘드리미2호’의 잎색은 ‘주남’보다 옅은 녹색이다.
생리장해 저항성
‘드리미2호’를 못자리에서 50일간 육묘시킨 다음 포장에 이앙하였을 때 포장에서 발생하는 불시출수는 없었다(Table 2). 또한 위조현상이 없어서 위조에 강한 편이고, 하엽의 노화 진행속도는 느린편이다. ‘드리미2호’를 내냉성 검정 하였을 때 유묘적기는 ‘주남’과 비슷하였으며, 5일간 출수가 지연되었지만, ‘주남’(11일)보다 출수지연일수는 짧았다. 또한 ‘드리미2호’의 임실율과 저온 발아율은 각각 41.5%, 48.2%로 ‘주남’(38.2%, 32.5%)보다 높아 유묘냉해 저항성은 ‘주남’보다 높았다. ‘드리미2호’의 등숙기 수발아율은 다소 높은 25.8% 이지만, ‘주남’(31.2%)보다 낮다. 포장에서 ‘드리미2호’의 도복저항성에 대해서 분석하기 위해 좌절중과 도복지수를 조사하였다(Table 3). ‘드리미2호’의 좌절중은 1,342 g이며, 도복지수는 93으로, ‘주남’의 좌절중(921 g)보다는 높았고, 도복지수(105)보다는 낮았다. 또한 ‘드리미2호’의 초장은 94 cm 로 ‘주남’(87 cm)보다 7 cm 길었으며, 3절 간장은 10.6 cm로 ‘주남’(11.2 cm)과 비슷하였다. 종합해보면 ‘드리미2호’는 ‘주남’보다 도복에 강한 저항성 특성을 가지고 있으며, 포장에서도 도복이 발생하지 않았다.
병해충 저항성
전국 주요 밭못자리 도열병 발병지역에서 ‘드리미2호’의 잎도열병 저항성 정도와 목도열병 이병수율을 조사하였을 때, ‘드리미2호’의 잎도열병 저항성 정도는 평균 3.1이며, 목도열병의 이병수율은 0.7% 이다(Table 4). 이는 ‘주남’의 밭못자리에서의 잎도열병저항성 정도(5.2)와 목도열병 이병수율(1.3%)보다 낮은 편이며, ‘드리미2호’는 대비품종으로 사용된 ‘주남’에 비해서 밭못자리검정에서 잎도열병과 목도열병에 대해 강한 저항성 반응을 보였다. 우리나라의 포장에서 흰잎마름병을 일으키는 주요 균주로는 K1(HB1013), K2(HB1014), K3(HB1015), K3a(HB1009)가 있다. ‘주남’은 K1, K2, K3, K3a에 대해서 모두 이병성이다. 하지만 ‘드리미2호’는 K3a에서는 이병성 이였지만, K3a를 제외한 K1, K2, K3에 대해서는 저항성으로 나타났다(Table 5). ‘드리미2호’는 바이러스병인 줄무늬잎마름병, 오갈병, 검은줄오갈병에 대한 이병율이 각각 19.8%, 22.4%, 21.7%으로 조사된 바이러스병에 대해서 모두 저항성이다. 하지만 ‘주남’은 줄무늬잎마름병(21.4%)에 대해서는 저항성 이였지만, 오갈병(88.4%), 검은줄오갈병(81.7%)에 대해서는 이병성이다. 또한 ‘드리미2호’는 멸구류에 대해서 모두 강한 저항성이지만, ‘주남’은 모두 이병성이다. 종합적으로 ‘드리미2호’는 ‘주남’에 비해 내충성 및 내병성이 보강되어 다양한 저항성이 강화된 복합내병충성 품종으로 육성되었다.
미질 및 도정 특성
‘드리미2호’의 낟알 특성으로 정조의 낟알 길이와 낟알 너비는 각각 6.78 mm, 3.38 mm이며, 정조의 장폭비는 2.01이다(Fig. 3B, Table 6). ‘드리미2호’의 알칼리붕괴도는 6.1이고, 대비품종인 ‘주남’(6.4)보다 낮아 호화온도가 약간 더 높은 것으로 평가되었다. ‘드리미2호’의 식미와 관련된 형질인 단백질과 아밀로스 함량은 각각 5.8%, 16.5%로 ‘주남’(6.7%, 18.2%)보다 단백질과 아밀로스 함량이 모두 낮았다. 식미관능검정시험에서도 ‘드리미2호’는 0.51이며, ‘주남’(0.27)보다 우수하게 평가받았다. ‘드리미2호’는 ‘주남’보다 밥냄새, 밥맛, 밥알의 모양, 질감 및 찰기에서도 우수한 평가를 받았다. ‘주남’의 정조 낟알 길이와 낟알 너비는 각각 6.88 mm, 3.32 mm로 정조의 장폭비는 2.07로 ‘드리미2호’와 ‘주남’은 모두 단원형이다. 또한 ‘드리미2호’의 현미 낟알 길이와 낟알 너비는 각각 4.76 mm, 3.14 mm로 현미의 장폭비는 1.52이고, ‘주남’의 현미 낟알 길이와 낟알 너비는 각각 4.76 mm, 2.89 mm로 현미의 장폭비는 1.65이다(Fig. 3C). ‘드리미2호’와 ‘주남’의 정조 장폭비와 현미 장폭비는 모두 비슷한 수준으로 ‘드리미2호’와 ‘주남’의 낟알특성은 모두 단립종의 단원형이다. ‘드리미2호’를 달관검사 하였을 때 심복백이 없었고, 쌀알이 매우 맑고 투명하여 쌀의 외관 품위가 매우 좋았다(Fig. 3D). 그렇기 때문에 ‘드리미2호’의 완전미율과 완전미도정수율은 각각 97.7%, 74.8%로, ‘주남’(97.5%, 71.2%)과 비슷하거나 높은 수준으로 우수한 도정 특성을 가졌다(Table 7). 도정특성을 조사하였을 때 ‘드리미2호’의 제현율과 현백률은 ‘주남’보다 높았다. ‘드리미2호’의 도정률은 77.9%로 ‘주남’(76.2%)보다 높았다. ‘드리미2호’의 외관상 보이는 품질 특성 및 미질특성은 매우 우수하였다. 미질은 외관상 평가받을 수 있으며, 물리화학적 구성 요소들에 의해서 평가받을 수 있다. ‘드리미2호’는 달관조사를 통해 외관상 우수하였으며, 아밀로스 및 단백질함량 분석을 통해 물리화학적 구성요소들을 평가하였다. 하지만 이러한 외관 및 물리화학적 구성요소들도 중요하지만 실질적으로 벼 품종을 육성하고 보급 및 이용하기 위해서는 실질적으로 이 품종을 이용하는 사람이 먹어서 느끼는 식미가 가장 중요한 요소로 작용한다(Hyun et al. 2021). 한국인은 밥을 하였을 때 윤기가 흐르고 구수한 향이 나며, 찰기가 있고 씹힘감이 좋은 쌀밥을 선호하며 품종을 육성할 때는 이러한 요소를 파악하여 고식미 방향으로 육성 되어야한다. 특히 미질을 구성하는 요소인 단백질 함량과 아밀로스 함량 역시 우리나라 국민들이 선호하는 수준의 함량으로 구성되었고(Choi et al. 2006), 패널들을 대상으로 하는 식미관능검정시험에서도 우수한 평가를 받았다. 따라서 ‘드리미2호’의 미질 및 도정 특성이 매우 우수한 것으로 조사되어 앞으로 국내에서 병해충에도 강하지만 고품질의 벼로 남부평야지에서 재배면적이 확대될 것으로 기대된다.
수량
‘드리미2호’는 평야지에서 조기 재배시험을 하였을 때 578 kg/10a 의 수량을 얻었으며, 같은 조건에서 ‘주남’(531 kg/10a)보다 8% 증수되었으며, 이는 통계적으로 5% 수준에서 유의미하게 차이가 발생한 것이다(Table 8). 또한 ‘드리미2호’를 남부중산가지에서 보통기 재배시험을 하였을 때의 수량은 584 kg/10a로 ‘주남’(512 kg/10a)보다 14% 증수하였으며, 평야지에서 만기로 재배시험을 하였을 때 ‘드리미2호’의 수량은 562 kg/10a로 ‘주남’(521 kg/10a)에 비해 7% 수량이 증수되었다. ‘드리미2호’는 조기재배, 보통기재배, 만기재배를 하였을 때 모든 재배시기에서 ‘주남’보다 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 수량이 증수되었다.
재배상의 유의점
‘드리미2호’는 남부평야지에서 추천되는 중생종이며, 각종 병해충에 대해서 저항성을 가지는 복합내병충성 품종이며, 식미와 미질이 우수한 고품질의 벼 품종이다. 벼 재배기간 동안 추비 등으로 인해 토양이 과비의 상태가 되지 않도록 비배관리에 주의를 요구한다. ‘드리미2호’에 질소비료를 과다하게 시용하게 되면 도복이 발생할 수 있으며, 숙색불량, 등숙불량, 미질저하 및 심복백미 또는 동할미 발생으로 인한 각종 품질이 저하되기 때문에 재배기간 동안 적정량의 농도로 균형시비를 하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 질소비료의 과다 사용은 각종 병해충의 발생을 증가시킬 수 있다. 특히 ‘드리미2호’를 재배할 때 키다리병을 방제하기 위해서는 육묘전에 필수적으로 종자소독을 실시해 주어야 한다. 포장에 이앙할 때는 애멸구 방제를 통한 각종 바이러스병들에 대해 미리 방제를 해주어야 한다.
‘드리미2호’는 경북대학교 식물분자육종학 연구실에서 남부평야지에서 재배될 목적으로 육성된 벼멸구를 포함한 다양한 병해충에 저항성인 복합내병충성이면서 미질과 품질이 우수하고 재배안정성이 뛰어난 벼 품종이다. 2001년 하계에 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 부속실험실습장에서 ‘삼강’을 모본으로 하고 ‘낙동’을 부본으로 인공교배하여 2001/2002년에 F1 식물체를 양성하였다. 육성된 친환경재배 적응 품종이다. 이후 약배양을 수행하여 double haploid 집단을 육성하였으며, 육성된 집단 중에서 포장특성이 양호하고 벼멸구에 대해 강한 저항성 계통인 ‘SNDH39’를 선발하였다. 선발된 ‘SNDH39’는 미질과 품질이 우수한 양질성 품종인 ‘주남’과 3회 여교배하여 포장에서 주요 농업특성이 우수하게 나타나고 벼멸구에 저항성이면서 미질이 우수한 ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’를 선발하여 ‘드리미2호’로 명명하였다. ‘드리미2호’의 평균 출수기는 보통기 보비재배를 하였을 때 8월 13일(파종 후 103일)로 ‘주남’과 비슷한 중생종 품종으로 간장길이 65 cm, 수장길이 23 cm이며, ‘주남’(간장길이: 63 cm, 수장길이: 21 cm)보다 간장길이와 수장길이가 모두 길거나 비슷한 수준이며 주당수수는 14개로 ‘주남’(11개)보다 3개 많다. ‘드리미2호’의 수당립수는 131개로 ‘주남’(125개)보다 많은 편이며, 천립중은 21.8 g으로 ‘주남’(20.6 g)보다 약간 무거우며, ‘드리미2호’와 ‘주남’의 현미 장폭비는 각각 2.19, 2.06으로 모두 단원형에 단립종이다. ‘드리미2호’의 낟알 특성 및 도정특성을 보면 낟알은 매우 맑고 투명하였으며, 심복백이 없고, 현미와 백미에서 동할미 발생율은 각각 10.3%와 13.5%로 ‘주남’(12.8%, 13.2%)과 매우 유사하였으며, ‘드리미2호’의 완전미율은 94.2%로 매우 높았다. 또한 단백질 함량은 5.8%, 아밀로스 함량은 16.5%로 ‘주남’보다 단백질 함량과 아밀로스 함량이 모두 낮다. 식미관능검정시험에서도 매우 우수한 성적으로 평가되어 밥맛도 양호 하였다. ‘주남’은 줄무늬잎마름병에 대해서는 저항성이지만 대부분의 병해충에 대해서는 이병성이다. 하지만 ‘드리미2호’는 도열병, 흰잎마름병 (K1, K2, K3), 줄무늬잎마름병, 오갈병, 검은줄오갈병, 멸구류에 대한 저항성이 추가되어, 우수한 품질과 함께 복합내병충성 품종으로 육성되었다. ‘드리미2호’의 수량은 남부중산가지에서 보통기 재배를 하였을 때 584 kg/10a로 ‘주남’(512 kg/10a)보다 높은 수준의 수량인 품종이다(품종등록번호: 제4686호).
This work was supported by a grant from the New Breeding Technologies Development Program (project no. PJ01653102 2022), Rural Development Administration, Korea.
Fig. 1
Genealogical and schematic diagram of breeding for ‘Drimi2ho’. ‘Drimi2ho’ was breeding for the purpose of developing a new rice cultivar that is resistant to (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens stal), has excellent grain and eating quality and has high cultivation stability. ‘Samgang’ has the BPH resistance gene Bph1 derived from Indica, and ‘Nagdong’ has excellent quality. Lines derived by crossing ‘Samgang’ and ‘Nagdong’ were anther cultured to select ‘SNDH39’, which is resistant to various pest or viral diseases, including BPH, and has excellent agricultural characteristics in the field. ‘SNDH39’ was backcrossed 3 times with ‘Junam’ with excellent quality. In addition, ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’, which is resistant to major pests including BPH and has excellent quality, was selected and finally named ‘Drimi2ho’.
kjbs-54-3-224-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Pedigree diagram of ‘Drimi2ho’.‘Drimi2ho’ selected ‘SNJB8’ by backcrossing ‘Junam’ with excellent quality to ‘SNDH39’, a BPH-resistant line, four times to breeding BPH-resistant and high-quality rice cultivar. And as the advanced generation in the field, SNJB8-16-3-B, a line with excellent agricultural characteristics, resistance to BPH, and excellent quality, was selected. ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’ was subjected to OYT, RYT, and LAT, and was finally named ‘Drimi2ho’, a rice cultivar. IRRI: International rice research institute, OYT: Observation yield trial, RYT: Replicated yield trial, LAT: Local adaptability test.
kjbs-54-3-224-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Phenotype when ‘Drimi2ho’ is maturing stage in the field. ‘Drimi2ho’ has longer culm length and panicle length than ‘Junam’. In addition, ‘Drimi2ho’ has more tiller number of per plant and higher yield than ‘Janam’ and has a higher fertile rate. 'Drimi2ho' had high breaking strength and low lodging index, so lodging did not occur in the field. In addition, 'Drimi2ho' uses 'Junam', which is of excellent quality, as the backgroud, and introgresses pest resistance against blast, bacterial blight, BPH, rice dwarf virus, and rice black- streaked dwarf virus, a rice cultivar with excellent quality and multi-resistant of pest or viral disease. The grain of 'Drimi2ho' is very good in appearance, and the eating quality is superior to that of 'Junam'.
kjbs-54-3-224-f3.jpg
Table 1
Major agronomic traits and yield components
Table 1
Cultivar Heading date (DASz) Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles per hill No. of spikelets per panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1,000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Drimi2ho 104** 72** 22** 18** 109** 92.4** 22.3**
Junam 105 69 18 15 105 88.7 20.3

zDAS: days after sowing

** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 2
Response to physiological and abiotic stresses
Table 2
Cultivar Premature heading (%) Occurrence of wilting Leaf senescence at maturing Cold tolerancez Low tem. germinationy (%) Viviparous germinationx (%)
Seedling stage (1-9) Heading delay (day) Grain fertility (%) Phenotypic acceptability (1-9)
Drimi2ho 0.0 ns Strong ns Late ns 4ns 5** 41.5** 5 ns 48.2** 25.8**
Junam 0.0 Strong Late 3 11 38.2 5 32.5 31.2

zCold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17℃) irrigation nursery

yGernimation rate for 15 days at 13℃

xGermination rate for 7 days at 25℃

nsmeans no significant difference, and ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 3
Characteristics related to lodging
Table 3
Cultivar Plant heightz (cm) Third internode length (cm) Breaking strength (g) Lodging index Lodging in the field (1-9)
Drimi2ho 94** 10.6ns 1,342** 93** 1ns
Junam 87 11.2 921 105 1

zlength from upper part of root up to panicle

ns means no significant difference, and ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 4
Reaction to leaf and neck blast disease of ‘Drimi2ho’
Table 4
Cultivar Leaf blast disease (0-9)z Neck blast disease
No. of tested sites (14) Percentage of diseased panicle (%)
Ry (0-3) M (4-6) S (7-9) Mean Icheon Jecheon Yesan Milyang Mean
Drimi2ho 8 6 0 3.1**x 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7**
Junam 1 12 1 5.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

zNitrogen fertilizer: Blast nursery test: 240 kg/ha, Neck blast: 220 kg/ha

yR: resistant (0-3); M: moderately resistant (4-6); S: susceptible (7-9)

** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 5
Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Drimi2ho’
Table 5
Cultivar Bacterial blight Virus disease Insect pests
K1 K2 K3 K3a RSVz (%) RDV (%) RBSDV (%) BPH SBPH
Drimi2ho Ry R R S R (19.8) R (22.4) R (21.7) R R
Junam S S S S R (21.4) S (88.4) S (81.7) S S

zRSV: rice stripe virus; RDV: rice dwarf virus; RBSDV: rice black-streaked dwarf virus; BPH: brown planthopper; SBPH: small brown planthopper

yR: resistance, S: susceptible

Table 6
Characteristics related to grain shape and grain quality
Table 6
Cultivar Brown rice Trans- lucency (1-9) White core (0-9) White belly (0-9) Alkali digestive value (1-7) Protein content (%) Amylose content (%) Palatability of cooked rice (-3-+3)
Length (mm) Width (mm) L/W ratio
Drimi2ho 4.76ns 3.14* 1.52ns 1ns 0ns 0ns 6.1** 5.8** 16.5** 0.51**
Junam 4.76 2.89 1.65 1 0 0 6.4 6.7 18.2 0.27

nsmeans no significant difference, * mean significant difference at p<0.05 by t-test, ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 7
Milling characteristics of ‘Drimi2ho’
Table 7
Cultivar Milling recovery ratio (%) Head rice milling recovery ratio (%)
Brown/rough Milled/brown Milled/rough Head rice
Drimi2ho 83.4** 92.6** 77.9** 97.7 ns 74.8**
Junam 82.7 91.9 76.2 97.5 71.2

* mean significant difference at p<0.05 by t-test and ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 8
Yield summary of local adaptability test
Table 8
Culture season Region No. of tested sites Milled rice (kg/10a) Index
Drimi2ho (A) Junam (B) A/B
Early planting Middle, Honam, Yeongnam plain 5 578** 531 108
Ordinary planting Southern mountainous area 2 584** 512 114
Late planting Middle, Honam, Yeongnam plain 3 562** 521 107

** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

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Breeding of ‘Drimi2ho’, a High-quality Rice Cultivar with Multi-resistance
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(3):224-233.   Published online September 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.3.224
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Breeding of ‘Drimi2ho’, a High-quality Rice Cultivar with Multi-resistance
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(3):224-233.   Published online September 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.3.224
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Breeding of ‘Drimi2ho’, a High-quality Rice Cultivar with Multi-resistance
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogical and schematic diagram of breeding for ‘Drimi2ho’. ‘Drimi2ho’ was breeding for the purpose of developing a new rice cultivar that is resistant to (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens stal), has excellent grain and eating quality and has high cultivation stability. ‘Samgang’ has the BPH resistance gene Bph1 derived from Indica, and ‘Nagdong’ has excellent quality. Lines derived by crossing ‘Samgang’ and ‘Nagdong’ were anther cultured to select ‘SNDH39’, which is resistant to various pest or viral diseases, including BPH, and has excellent agricultural characteristics in the field. ‘SNDH39’ was backcrossed 3 times with ‘Junam’ with excellent quality. In addition, ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’, which is resistant to major pests including BPH and has excellent quality, was selected and finally named ‘Drimi2ho’.
Fig. 2 Pedigree diagram of ‘Drimi2ho’.‘Drimi2ho’ selected ‘SNJB8’ by backcrossing ‘Junam’ with excellent quality to ‘SNDH39’, a BPH-resistant line, four times to breeding BPH-resistant and high-quality rice cultivar. And as the advanced generation in the field, SNJB8-16-3-B, a line with excellent agricultural characteristics, resistance to BPH, and excellent quality, was selected. ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’ was subjected to OYT, RYT, and LAT, and was finally named ‘Drimi2ho’, a rice cultivar. IRRI: International rice research institute, OYT: Observation yield trial, RYT: Replicated yield trial, LAT: Local adaptability test.
Fig. 3 Phenotype when ‘Drimi2ho’ is maturing stage in the field. ‘Drimi2ho’ has longer culm length and panicle length than ‘Junam’. In addition, ‘Drimi2ho’ has more tiller number of per plant and higher yield than ‘Janam’ and has a higher fertile rate. 'Drimi2ho' had high breaking strength and low lodging index, so lodging did not occur in the field. In addition, 'Drimi2ho' uses 'Junam', which is of excellent quality, as the backgroud, and introgresses pest resistance against blast, bacterial blight, BPH, rice dwarf virus, and rice black- streaked dwarf virus, a rice cultivar with excellent quality and multi-resistant of pest or viral disease. The grain of 'Drimi2ho' is very good in appearance, and the eating quality is superior to that of 'Junam'.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Breeding of ‘Drimi2ho’, a High-quality Rice Cultivar with Multi-resistance

Major agronomic traits and yield components

Cultivar Heading date (DASz) Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles per hill No. of spikelets per panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1,000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Drimi2ho 104** 72** 22** 18** 109** 92.4** 22.3**
Junam 105 69 18 15 105 88.7 20.3

Response to physiological and abiotic stresses

Cultivar Premature heading (%) Occurrence of wilting Leaf senescence at maturing Cold tolerancez Low tem. germinationy (%) Viviparous germinationx (%)
Seedling stage (1-9) Heading delay (day) Grain fertility (%) Phenotypic acceptability (1-9)
Drimi2ho 0.0 ns Strong ns Late ns 4ns 5** 41.5** 5 ns 48.2** 25.8**
Junam 0.0 Strong Late 3 11 38.2 5 32.5 31.2

Characteristics related to lodging

Cultivar Plant heightz (cm) Third internode length (cm) Breaking strength (g) Lodging index Lodging in the field (1-9)
Drimi2ho 94** 10.6ns 1,342** 93** 1ns
Junam 87 11.2 921 105 1

Reaction to leaf and neck blast disease of ‘Drimi2ho’

Cultivar Leaf blast disease (0-9)z Neck blast disease
No. of tested sites (14) Percentage of diseased panicle (%)
Ry (0-3) M (4-6) S (7-9) Mean Icheon Jecheon Yesan Milyang Mean
Drimi2ho 8 6 0 3.1**x 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7**
Junam 1 12 1 5.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Drimi2ho’

Cultivar Bacterial blight Virus disease Insect pests
K1 K2 K3 K3a RSVz (%) RDV (%) RBSDV (%) BPH SBPH
Drimi2ho Ry R R S R (19.8) R (22.4) R (21.7) R R
Junam S S S S R (21.4) S (88.4) S (81.7) S S

Characteristics related to grain shape and grain quality

Cultivar Brown rice Trans- lucency (1-9) White core (0-9) White belly (0-9) Alkali digestive value (1-7) Protein content (%) Amylose content (%) Palatability of cooked rice (-3-+3)
Length (mm) Width (mm) L/W ratio
Drimi2ho 4.76ns 3.14* 1.52ns 1ns 0ns 0ns 6.1** 5.8** 16.5** 0.51**
Junam 4.76 2.89 1.65 1 0 0 6.4 6.7 18.2 0.27

Milling characteristics of ‘Drimi2ho’

Cultivar Milling recovery ratio (%) Head rice milling recovery ratio (%)
Brown/rough Milled/brown Milled/rough Head rice
Drimi2ho 83.4** 92.6** 77.9** 97.7 ns 74.8**
Junam 82.7 91.9 76.2 97.5 71.2

Yield summary of local adaptability test

Culture season Region No. of tested sites Milled rice (kg/10a) Index
Drimi2ho (A) Junam (B) A/B
Early planting Middle, Honam, Yeongnam plain 5 578** 531 108
Ordinary planting Southern mountainous area 2 584** 512 114
Late planting Middle, Honam, Yeongnam plain 3 562** 521 107
Table 1 Major agronomic traits and yield components

zDAS: days after sowing

** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 2 Response to physiological and abiotic stresses

zCold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17℃) irrigation nursery

yGernimation rate for 15 days at 13℃

xGermination rate for 7 days at 25℃

nsmeans no significant difference, and ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 3 Characteristics related to lodging

zlength from upper part of root up to panicle

ns means no significant difference, and ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 4 Reaction to leaf and neck blast disease of ‘Drimi2ho’

zNitrogen fertilizer: Blast nursery test: 240 kg/ha, Neck blast: 220 kg/ha

yR: resistant (0-3); M: moderately resistant (4-6); S: susceptible (7-9)

** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 5 Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Drimi2ho’

zRSV: rice stripe virus; RDV: rice dwarf virus; RBSDV: rice black-streaked dwarf virus; BPH: brown planthopper; SBPH: small brown planthopper

yR: resistance, S: susceptible

Table 6 Characteristics related to grain shape and grain quality

nsmeans no significant difference, * mean significant difference at p<0.05 by t-test, ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 7 Milling characteristics of ‘Drimi2ho’

* mean significant difference at p<0.05 by t-test and ** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

Table 8 Yield summary of local adaptability test

** mean significant difference at p<0.01 by t-test

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Table 8

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