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충남지역 기후에 적합한 한지형 마늘 ‘기찬’

이중원1,*, 신재철1, 박권서1, 김운섭2

‘Gichan’, A Northern-type Garlic Cultivar Suitable for Chungnam Area Climate, Korea

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2025;57(4):537-545.
Published online: December 1, 2025

1충청남도농업기술원 양념채소연구소

2충청남도농업기술원 작물경영연구과

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*Corresponding to Joongwon LeeTEL. +82-41-635-6443E-mail. ljw1431@korea.kr
• Received: September 24, 2025   • Revised: October 21, 2025   • Accepted: October 21, 2025

Copyright © 2025 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new northern-type garlic cultivar, ‘Gichan’, was developed by the Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services to improve adaptability and productivity in the Chungnam region Korea. ‘Gichan’ originated from a cross between fertile garlic lines K24 (♀) and 9209 (♂) in 2013, and a superior line was selected and tested from 2014 to 2020. Compared with the local cultivar ‘Taeanjong’, exhibited earlier emergence, clove differentiation, and harvest maturity and was thus classified as an early maturing type. Its bulbs were larger and heavier with an average yield of 1,617 kg per 10a, representing a 59% increase over ‘Taeanjong. Mineral contents such as Ca, Fe, and Zn were higher, and the alliin content was 51% greater, indicating improved functional quality. ‘Gichan’ exhibited resistance to leaf blight but was relatively susceptible to root mite damage. These results suggest that ‘Gichan’ is a high-yielding, early-maturing, and functional garlic cultivar suitable for the Chungnam climate and is expected to enhance farm income (Registration No. 9813).
마늘은 백합과 파속(Allium) 작물로 우리나라를 대표하는 양념채소이다. 최근 전 세계적으로 각광받고 있는 K-푸드에서 빼놓을 수 없는 향신료 중의 하나로 특유한 맛과 향 뿐만 아니라 각종 생리활성물질이 함유되어 있어 예로부터 우리나라 식생활에서 필수적인 조미료 및 강장식품으로 애용되어 왔다(Chun & Paik 1997). 우리나라 마늘은 생태적으로 한지형과 난지형으로 구분되며, 재배적 특성 차이도 크고 동일 생태형 내에서도 지역 재래종별로 생육 및 수량이 다르다고 알려져 있다(Hwang & Lee 1990). 마늘 종을 분류하기 위해 형태적, 생리⋅생태적(Hwang 1993), 세포학적(Harn et al. 1996) 및 생물학적(Etoh & Ogura 1981) 방법이 시도된 바 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서 재배되는 마늘은 정상적인 화분이 형성되지 않으며, 자성배주체가 형성되지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다(Ogawa et al. 1975). 그래서 보통 원예작물에 이루어지는 인공 교배를 통한 품종개발이 불가능하여 국내외 유전자원을 수집하여 지역적응성 검정을 통해 우량종구를 선발하는 방법 등이 주로 이용되어 왔다(Kim et al. 1987a, Kim et al. 1987b, Lee et al. 1989, Song et al. 1988). 이러한 한 방법으로 농촌진흥청에서는 중국 산동지방에서 ‘독수산(獨豆蒜)’으로 불리는 통마늘을 도입하여 난지형 마늘인 ‘생올(2005)’을 육성하였고, 2006년에는 국내외에서 수집한 유전자원에서 기존 ‘남도’보다 숙기가 15일정도 빠르고 원예적 특성도 우수한 유전자원 중 선발하여 조숙종 마늘 ‘올캐(2006)’를 선발 육성하였다(Choi et al. 2008, Nam et al. 2005). 또한 충북농업기술원에서는 불완전 추대성과 관행 품종 대비 숙기가 6일정도 빠르며 수량이 1,131 kg/10a로 18% 높은 신품종 ‘단산(2012)’을 제주도농업기술원에서는 중국 산동지역에서 수집한 유전자원 중 화경 및 주아가 큰 개체를 선발하여 ‘장새미’로 명명하고 2012년 품종보호 등록하였다(Kim et al. 2013, Lee et al. 2012). 그러나 최근에는 마늘의 원산지로 알려져 있는 중앙아시아 지역에서 수집한 가임마늘을 활용하여 인공교배를 통해 신품종을 육성하고 있다. 마늘의 인공 교배는 1980년대 가임마늘로부터 진정종자를 획득하였다는 보고가 이루어짐에 따라 교배육종이 시작된 것으로 알려져 있다(Etoh et al. 1988, Konvicka 1984, Pooler & Simon 1993). 우리나라에서는 2000년 이후 활발히 이루어졌으며 농촌진흥청과 충청남도농업기술원에서 현재까지 17개 품종이 품종보호등록 되었다. 대표적인 품종으로는 농촌진흥청에서 2016년에 육성된 ‘홍산’으로 수량성이 뛰어나며, 최초로 전국적으로 한지⋅난지지역에서 모두 재배가 가능한 것으로 알려져 있다(Kim & Ra 2019). 충남은 과거 서산, 태안지역을 중심으로 흔히 ‘6쪽 마늘’이라고 불리는 지역 재래종인 한지형 마늘이 주로 재배되어 왔으나 지구 온난화 등의 영향으로 1970년에는 남해안지대에서 주로 재배되어 왔던 난지형 마늘이 2003년에는 충청 지역까지 점차적으로 북상한 것으로 나타났다(Heo et al. 2006, Kim et al. 2008). 난지형 마늘은 도입종인 ‘남도’와 ‘대서’가 대표적이며 수량성이 높아 국내 마늘 재배면적의 약 80%를 차지하고 있다(Oh et al. 2019). 그럼에도 불구하고 충남의 한지형 마늘은 조직이 단단하고 저장성 등이 우수하여 소비자들로부터 서태안지역의 특화작목으로 자리매김하고 있다. 그러나 영양번식으로 인한 생리적 퇴화로 품질이 저하되고 수량이 감소하며, 토양 전염성 병과 바이러스 등에 감염된 종구를 이용함에 따라 수확량이 떨어지고 있다(Hwang et al. 1983, Kim et al. 1987b, Lee & Kim 1975). 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 신품종 도입 시 수량과 품질 향상이 이루어져 농가 소득 증대에 기여하는 것으로 보고되어 왔다(Yu 2022). 따라서 본 연구는 어려운 여건속에서 지역 마늘 산업에 활력을 불어넣고 재배농가의 소득 향상을 도모하고자 충남지역에 적합하고 내재해성이 높은 신품종을 마늘 육성하고자 수행하게 되었다.
시험재료 및 재배방법
본 시험은 2013년부터 2020년까지 충남 태안군 남면 양잠리에 위치한 충청남도농업기술원 양념채소연구소에서 수행하였다. 2013년에 가임마늘 K24-1 (♀)×9209 (♂)를 교배조합으로 하여 망실하우스에서 개화시킨 후 주아를 제거한 상태에서 매개충인 금파리를 이용하여 인공교배하였다. 그해 8월에 종자를 채취하여 마늘 생장점 배양 배지인 MS 배지에 차아염소산나트륨으로 소독 후 파종하였다. 기내에서 발아시킨 후 계대배양하였으며 2014년 2월 10일에 4℃ 저온저장고에서 30일간 저온처리 후 원예용 상토에 순화시켜 관리하였다. 2014년 6월에 실생 15개체를 양성하였고 생육이 우수한 14번 개체를 선발하여 2016-2018년까지 2년간 연구소 노지에서 포장에 20 cm (조간)×10 cm (주간)으로 파종하였다. 재배방법은 농촌진흥청 표준재배법에 준하였다.
생육 및 농업특성 조사
농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준(RDA 2012)에 따라 마늘 품종 육성을 위한 출현기, 초장, 엽수, 엽초장 등 주요 형태적 특성을 조사하였다. 수확 후 구의 특성조사는 음건상태에서 30일간 충분히 건조된 상태에서 구경, 구고, 인편수 및 구중 등을 조사하였다.
마늘 무기성분 및 알린 분석
무기성분 함랑은 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원의 토양 및 식물체 분석법(NIAST 2000)에 준하여 실시하였다. 식물체 분석은 수확한 마늘을 음건조건에서 1개월 이상 충분히 건조한 상태에서 껍질을 제거하고 인편을 영하 55℃에서 동결 건조한 후 분쇄한 시료를 산 분해 용액(HCIO4:H2SO4=10:1)으로 습식 분해하여 전 질소는 Kjeldahl법(Kjeldahl 1883), 인산은 Ammonium vanadate법(Gerick & Kurmies 1952), 무기성분은 유도결합플라즈마분광광도계(ICP-OES 730-ES, Varian, USA)로 분석하였다.
알린(Alliin)함량은 동결건조한 마늘 분말시료 1 g을 30 mL의 50% MeOH 용액으로 상온에서 90분간 초음파 진탕 추출하였다. 얻어진 상등액을 0.2 μm membrane filter (ADVANTEC, Toyo Roshi Kaisha Ltd., Japan)로 여과한 후 얻어진 용액을 HPLC (Agilent 1200, Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA)에 주입하여 분석하였다. HPLC 분석에 Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm, Agilnet, USA) 컬럼을 사용하였고, 컬럼 온도는 25℃, 용출 용매는 0.7 mL/min 유속으로 흘려보냈으며, 검출파장은 UV 210 nm로 2회 반복하여 측정하였다.
병해 저항성 및 생리장해 발생율
잎마름병, 잎집썩음병, 흑색썩음균핵병은 육성계통 생산력 검정시험 포장에서 생육 전반기에 걸쳐 달관조사하였다, 병해와 재해저항성 검정 조사기준은 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준(RDA 2012)에 따라 진행하였다.
통계분석
모든 조사는 3반복으로 수행하였으며, 대조 품종과의 평균 비교를 위해 통계프로그램 R (V4.3.2)에서 Student’s t-test를 수행하였다.
육성경위
본 신품종 한지형 마늘 ‘기찬’은 충남지역 기후에 적합한 품종을 육성하기 위해 2013년 국내외서 수집한 꽃이피는 가임마늘 중 ‘K24’를 모본으로 하고, ‘9209’를 부본으로 하여 망실하우스에서 개화시킨 후 주아를 제거한 상태에서 매개충인 금파리를 이용하여 7월에 인공교배를 실시하였다. 이와 같은 방법으로 2015년 농촌진흥청에서 육성된 품종인 ‘홍산’은 최근 전국 재배용으로 육성되어 농가에서 재배 중에 있다(Kwak et al. 2016). 8월에 교배된 종자를 채취하여 마늘 생장점 배양 배지인 MS 배지에 차아염소산나트륨으로 소독 후 파종하였다. 기내에서 발아시킨 후 계대배양 하였고 2014년 2월에 계대배양한 자원을 4℃ 저온저장고에서 30일간 저온처리 후 시설하우스 내에 있는 원예용 상토에 순화시켜 관리하였다. 2014년 6월에 실생 15개체를 양성하여 2015년 그 중 생육이 우수한 14번 개체를 선발하여 2016-2018년까지 연구소 노지포장에서 원예적 특성을 검정 후 그 결과를 토대로 2019년 ‘CVG13-14’으로 계통번호를 부여하였다. 2019-2020년 2년간 관행품종(태안종)과 생산력을 비교하여 품종화 가능성을 검토하였고, 관행품종 대비 우수성이 검증되어 최종 선발하였다. 이후 2020년 12월 충청남도 종자위원회 심의를 거쳐 ‘기찬’으로 명명하여 품종보호출원하였다(Figs. 1 and 2).
생육 및 농업특성

1. 출현 및 인편분화기

2019년 9월 17일 파종하였을 때 ‘기찬’의 출현일은 ‘태안종’에 비해 10일 빠른 10월 15일이었으며, 인편분화기도 ‘태안종’에 비해 3일 빠르다. 화경 출현기는 ‘태안종’보다 9일, 수확은 7일정도 빠른 특성을 갖고 있다(Table 1).

2. 지상부 생육특성

‘기찬’의 지상부 초세는 강한편이며, 엽이 짙은 녹색이고 너비는 ‘태안종’ 잎보다 약간 넓은 편이다. 위경 기부의 안토시아닌 발현 정도는 ‘기찬’은 약한 편이지만, ‘태안종’은 강한 편이었다(Fig. 3). 화경 끝부분이 구부러지며 총포가 가늘고 소립주아가 형성된다(Table 2). ‘기찬’의 초장은 73.7 cm로 나타나 대조품종보다 유의하게 짧았다(p<0.01). ‘기찬’의 엽초경은 16.3 mm로 나타나 대조품종보다 유의하게 굵었다(p<0.001). ‘기찬’의 엽장은 47.6 cm로 나타나 대조품종보다 유의하게 짧았다(p<0.001). ‘기찬’의 엽폭은 2.7 cm로 ‘태안종’보다 0.3 cm 좁았으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다(Table 3).
품질특성

1. 마늘 품질특성

‘기찬’의 구중은 44.4 g으로 ‘태안종’보다 16.4 g 무거웠으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 구고도 ‘기찬’이 52.2 mm로 ‘태안종’보다 8 mm 높았으며, 구폭도 ‘기찬’이 38.9 mm으로 ‘태안종’보다 5.7 mm 넓었다. 구당 인편수는 ‘기찬’이 6.2개로 ‘태안종’보다 낮았다(Table 4). 생산량검정 결과 충남지역 한지형 마늘 작형 재배 시 ‘기찬’의 평균 수량은 1,617 kg/10a로 ‘태안종’보다 602 kg/10a 높았다(Table 5). 쪽의 분포는 두품종 모두 방사상 형태를 띠고 있으며, ‘기찬’의 경우 인편 껍질색이 자색을 띄고 있으나, ‘태안종’의 경우 회백색을 띄고 있다. ‘기찬’은 인편선단부에 녹색발현이 선명하게 있는 반면 ‘태안종’은 발현되지 않았다(Fig. 4).

2. 병해 저항성 및 생리장해 발생율

봄철 잎마름병 발생량은 ‘기찬’의 경우 1% 이하로 낮은 편이었으나 ‘태안종’의 경우 5-10% 발생하였다. 그 외 잎집썩음병과 흑색썩음균핵병은 발생하지 않았다. 2차생장 발생율은 두 품종 모두 발생하지 않은 반면 인편미결구 현상(스펀지 마늘)은 ‘태안종’은 발생하지 않은 반면, ‘기찬’에서 2.4% 발생하여 시비 관리의 세밀한 조정이 요구되었다(Table 6).

3. 인편 성분특성

무기질 함량 중 ‘기찬’의 Ca, Fe, Zn 함량이 ‘태안종’보다 높았으며, ‘태안종’의 경우 K, Na, P 함량이 ‘기찬’보다 높았다. 마늘의 기능성 물질인 알린(Alliin) 함량은 ‘기찬’의 경우 52.1 mg/g으로 ‘태안종’보다 17.5 mg/g 높아 기능성이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다(Table 7).
본 연구는 기후변화 등으로 인해 재배 안정성과 수량성이 저하되는 지역 재래 한지형 마늘의 단점을 보완하고, 기능성을 강화한 한지형 마늘 신품종을 육성하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 시험은 2013년 충남농업기술원 양념채소연구소에서 수행되었으며, 해외 도입 가임마늘 자원 K24를 모본, 9209를 부본으로 하여 인공교배를 통해 진정종자를 획득하였다. 기내배양 및 순화 재배를 거쳐 우수 생장을 보인 실생 15개체를 양성하였다. 2014년에는 원예적 특성과 병해충 저항성이 우수하고 한지형 특성에 부합하는 14번 개체를 선발하였으며, 2016-2018년 노지 조건에서 특성 검정을 수행하였다. 이어 2019-2020년 2년간 관행품종과의 생산력 검정을 통해 품종화를 검토하였고, 2020년 ‘충청남도 종자위원회’ 직무육성품종 선정 심의를 거쳐 ‘기찬’으로 명명하였다. ‘기찬’은 관행품종인 태안종 대비 출현 및 수확이 빠르고, 대표적 기능성 물질인 알린(Alliin) 함량이 50% 이상 높았다. 구 크기는 태안종보다 크고 중량은 30% 이상 무거웠으며, 수량은 10 a당 1,617 kg으로 태안종 대비 약 59% 높았다. 따라서 신품종 ‘기찬’은 한지형 마늘 산업의 경쟁력 강화와 농가 소득 증대에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
본 연구는 충청남도농업기술원 시험연구사업(과제명: 마늘 우량품종 육성, 과제번호: LP0052112024)의 지원으로 수행되었다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of Northen-type garlic ‘Gichan’.
kjbs-57-4-537-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Growth and development ‘Gichan’ garlic above-ground part in field.
kjbs-57-4-537-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Growth and development ‘Gichan’ garlic above-ground part in field.
kjbs-57-4-537-f3.jpg
Fig. 4
Bulb Characteristics of the Garlic Cultivar ‘Gichan’.
kjbs-57-4-537-f4.jpg
Table 1
Timing of developmental stage transitions and harvest in garlic.
Table 1
Cultivar Emergence Clove differentiation Flower stalk development Harvest time
Gichan Oct. 15 Mar. 30 May 13 June 18
Taeanjong Oct. 25 Apr. 2 May 22 June 25
Table 2
Above-ground Morphology of ‘Gichan’.
Table 2
Cultivar Leaf Leaf sheath Flower stalk Bract Aerial bulble



Color Length Width Length Stiffiness Length form
Gichan Deep green Large Large Large Medium Medium Curve Small Small
Taeanjong Green Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Curve Medium Medium
Table 3
Comparison of growth by garlic variety.
Table 3
Cultivar Plant height
(cm)
Pseudostem width
(mm)
No. of leaves
(ea)
Leaf length
(cm)
Leaf width
(cm)
Gichan 73.7±2.9 16.3±1.3 9.5±0.5 47.6±3.3 2.7±0.2
Taeanjong 76.2±3.3 15.1±1.05 8.4±0.5 52.1±3.2 3.0±0.3

t -3.063 3.802 -1.024 -5.316 -4.207
p-value ** *** 0.309 *** ***

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

※Survey time: 2020. 5. 11., Seeding time: 2019. 9. 17.

Table 4
Comparative analysis of garlic bulbs characteristics.
Table 4
Cultivar Bulb weight
(g)
Bulb height
(mm)
Bulb width
(mm)
Clove
(bulb)
Gichan 44.4±2.1 52.2±3.3 38.9±2.9 6.2
Taeanjong 28.0±2.4 44.2±3.5 33.2±1.4 7.1

t 8.735 9.248 9.506 3.642
p-value *** *** *** ***

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Table 5
Comparison of yield among garlic cultivars.
Table 5
Cultivar Yield of garlic (kg/10a)

2019 2020 Mean Index
Gichan 1,783 1,451 1,617 159
Taeanjong 1,020 1,010 1,015 100
Table 6
Disease resistance and incidence of physiological disorders in garlic.
Table 6
Cultivar Disease resistance (0-9) Physiological disorde


Leaf blight Leaf sheath Rot
(Sheath Rot)
White rot Secondary growth
(%)
Leafy and Non-bulbing
(%)
Gichan 0 0 0 0 2.4
Taeanjong 5 0 0 0 0
Table 7
Mineral and Alliin analysis in garlic.
Table 7
Cultivar Mineral element (mg/100g)
(Contents of inorganic components)
Alliin
Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn Na P Zn mg/g Index
Gichan 44.0 0.3 4.9 811.0 69.5 0.7 1.8 398.4 1.0 52.1 151
Taeanjong 42.9 0.1 1.9 958.8 63.5 0.6 4.6 443.5 0.7 34.6 100
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‘Gichan’, A Northern-type Garlic Cultivar Suitable for Chungnam Area Climate, Korea
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(4):537-545.   Published online December 1, 2025
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Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(4):537-545.   Published online December 1, 2025
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‘Gichan’, A Northern-type Garlic Cultivar Suitable for Chungnam Area Climate, Korea
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of Northen-type garlic ‘Gichan’.
Fig. 2 Growth and development ‘Gichan’ garlic above-ground part in field.
Fig. 3 Growth and development ‘Gichan’ garlic above-ground part in field.
Fig. 4 Bulb Characteristics of the Garlic Cultivar ‘Gichan’.
‘Gichan’, A Northern-type Garlic Cultivar Suitable for Chungnam Area Climate, Korea

Timing of developmental stage transitions and harvest in garlic.

Cultivar Emergence Clove differentiation Flower stalk development Harvest time
Gichan Oct. 15 Mar. 30 May 13 June 18
Taeanjong Oct. 25 Apr. 2 May 22 June 25

Above-ground Morphology of ‘Gichan’.

Cultivar Leaf Leaf sheath Flower stalk Bract Aerial bulble



Color Length Width Length Stiffiness Length form
Gichan Deep green Large Large Large Medium Medium Curve Small Small
Taeanjong Green Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Curve Medium Medium

Comparison of growth by garlic variety.

Cultivar Plant height
(cm)
Pseudostem width
(mm)
No. of leaves
(ea)
Leaf length
(cm)
Leaf width
(cm)
Gichan 73.7±2.9 16.3±1.3 9.5±0.5 47.6±3.3 2.7±0.2
Taeanjong 76.2±3.3 15.1±1.05 8.4±0.5 52.1±3.2 3.0±0.3

t -3.063 3.802 -1.024 -5.316 -4.207
p-value ** *** 0.309 *** ***

Comparative analysis of garlic bulbs characteristics.

Cultivar Bulb weight
(g)
Bulb height
(mm)
Bulb width
(mm)
Clove
(bulb)
Gichan 44.4±2.1 52.2±3.3 38.9±2.9 6.2
Taeanjong 28.0±2.4 44.2±3.5 33.2±1.4 7.1

t 8.735 9.248 9.506 3.642
p-value *** *** *** ***

Comparison of yield among garlic cultivars.

Cultivar Yield of garlic (kg/10a)

2019 2020 Mean Index
Gichan 1,783 1,451 1,617 159
Taeanjong 1,020 1,010 1,015 100

Disease resistance and incidence of physiological disorders in garlic.

Cultivar Disease resistance (0-9) Physiological disorde


Leaf blight Leaf sheath Rot
(Sheath Rot)
White rot Secondary growth
(%)
Leafy and Non-bulbing
(%)
Gichan 0 0 0 0 2.4
Taeanjong 5 0 0 0 0

Mineral and Alliin analysis in garlic.

Cultivar Mineral element (mg/100g)
(Contents of inorganic components)
Alliin
Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn Na P Zn mg/g Index
Gichan 44.0 0.3 4.9 811.0 69.5 0.7 1.8 398.4 1.0 52.1 151
Taeanjong 42.9 0.1 1.9 958.8 63.5 0.6 4.6 443.5 0.7 34.6 100
Table 1 Timing of developmental stage transitions and harvest in garlic.
Table 2 Above-ground Morphology of ‘Gichan’.
Table 3 Comparison of growth by garlic variety.

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

※Survey time: 2020. 5. 11., Seeding time: 2019. 9. 17.

Table 4 Comparative analysis of garlic bulbs characteristics.

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Table 5 Comparison of yield among garlic cultivars.
Table 6 Disease resistance and incidence of physiological disorders in garlic.
Table 7 Mineral and Alliin analysis in garlic.