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보리 누른모자이크병과 추위에 강하고 새싹 수량 많은 겉보리 품종 ‘싹이랑’

윤영미1,*, 박진천1, 허온숙1, 김상민2, 서우덕3, 강천식1

‘Ssagirang’: A High-Yielding Hulled Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar with Cold Tolerance, Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance, and High Sprout Biomass

Young-Mi Yoon1,*, Jin-Cheon Park1, On-Sook Hur1, Sang-Min Kim2, Woo Duck Seo3, Chon-Sik Kang1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2025;57(3):279-290.
Published online: September 1, 2025

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기초식량작물부 맥류작물과

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기초식량작물부 작물환경과

3농촌진흥청 기술협력국

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*Corresponding to Young-Mi YoonTEL. +82-63-238-5391E-mail. mi3710@korea.kr
• Received: May 7, 2025   • Revised: June 11, 2025   • Accepted: June 12, 2025

Copyright © 2025 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • ‘‘Ssagirang’ is a hulled barley cultivar that exhibits high resistance to lodging and cold stress. It demonstrates high yield potential and superior functional properties in barley sprouts. The heading date of ‘Ssagirang’ was April 24, and its maturity date was June 2. The plant height was 80 cm, which was 4 cm shorter than that of ‘Olbori’ (84 cm), and the spike length was 4.9 cm, which was longer than that of ‘Olbori’ (4.3 cm). The number of grains per spike was 56, higher than ‘Olbori’ (49 grains per spike), and the 1,000-grain weight was 35.2 g, heavier than that of ‘Olbori’ (34.6 g). In relation to disease resistance, ‘Ssagirang’ exhibited resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), with a disease severity score of 1, and showed similar winter hardiness to ‘Olbori.’ In terms of quality characteristics, protein and β-glucan contents were 10.2% and 4.3%, respectively, similar to those of ‘Olbori’. The potential diastatic power of ‘Ssagirang’ was 107 DP, comparable to that of ‘Olbori’ (99 DP). Polyphenol content of ‘Ssagirang’ was 178 mg/100g, higher than that of ‘Olbori’ (164 mg/100g). The mean grain yield of ‘Ssagirang’ was 557 kg/10a across all regions, which was 21% higher than that of ‘Olbori’ (462 kg/10a). The barley sprout yield of ‘Ssagirang’ was 157 gdw/m2, greater than that of ‘Olbori’ (133 gdw/m2), and its policosanol content was 448 mg/100g, which was significantly higher than that of ‘Olbori’ (245 mg/100g). On account of its strong cold tolerance, high yield, and excellent processing suitability, it is anticipated that ‘Ssagirang’ will be employed as a raw material for long malt, barley tea, and barley sprouts (Registration No. 9728).
  • Keywords: Barley; Variety; BaYMV; Sprout; ‘Ssagirang’
보리는 전세계적으로 중요한 식량작물 중 하나로, 다양한 환경에 적응성이 뛰어나며 기능성 성분이 풍부한 품종개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다(Giraldo et al. 2019). 최근에는 건강식품의 소비 증가로 인해 폴리페놀 및 항산화활성이 높은 보리 품종들이 주목받고 있으며, 이에 따라 다양한 용도에 적합한 품종 개발이 이루어지고 있다(Kim et al. 2021, Lee et al. 2014). 식용 및 가공용으로 이용되는 찰성 품종으로는 ‘누리찰’(Lee et al. 2018a), ‘백수정찰’(Park et al. 2023a), ‘보석찰’(Lee et al. 2014), ‘보안찰’(Kim et al. 2014), ‘영백찰’(Lee et al. 2016), ‘흑보찰’(Kim et al. 2021), ‘흑수정찰’(Kim et al. 2018b) 등이 있으며, 이들은 높은 찰성과 가공적성을 갖추고 있다. 엿기름 및 보리차용으로 ‘흑다향’(Yoon et al. 2022), ‘다혜’(Kim et al. 2013), ‘청명’(Kim et al. 2018a), ‘호향’(Kim et al. 2020b), ‘혜양’(Kim et al. 2016), ‘한강’(Lee et al. 2023), 등이 있으며, 이들은 가공적성이 우수하면서 안정적인 생산성을 확보하는데 중점을 두고 개발되었다. 맥주 제조를 위한 품종으로는 ‘다품’(Yoon et al. 2020), ‘광맥’(Kang et al. 2017), ‘누리맥’(Yoon et al. 2021b), ‘다이안’(Park et al. 2023b), ‘이맥’(Kang et al. 2016), ‘흑호’(Park et al. 2022) 등이 있으며, 이들은 도복 저항성이 높고 맥아품질이 우수하도록 개발되었다. 또한 최근에는 기능성 강화 품종 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 ‘청명’, ‘보석찰’, ‘흑누리’(Lee et al. 2018b), ‘흑보찰’ 등이 대표적인 품종이다.
새싹보리는 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 미네랄, 엽록소를 다량 함유하여 건강식품 및 의약소재로 활용가치가 높다(Kim & Kim 2021). 특히, 새싹보리에 함유된 폴리코사놀은 AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) 신호경로를 활성화하여 간 및 혈중콜레스테롤 수치를 감소시키는 것으로 보고되었으며, SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2)의 전사를 억제하여 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 저해하는 기전이 밝혀졌다(Lee et al. 2015). 또한 새싹보리의 주요 플라보노이드인 사포나린(saponarin)은 강력한 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 가지며, 광 조건 및 환경적 요인에 따라 함량이 크게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다(Oh et al. 2021). 특히, 청색광 조건에서 사포나린의 생합성이 증가하는 것으로 보고되었다(Kim et al. 2020a).
국내에서는 식용 및 가공용으로 기능 성분 함량이 높은 보리 품종이 육성되어 왔다. 베타글루칸과 폴리페놀 등의 기능성 성분이 풍부한 보리는 건강식품으로 주목받고 있으며, 최근에는 새싹보리용 품종 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 2001년 개발된 ‘큰알보리1호’는 대립으로 도복에 강한 특성으로 겉보리 중 정부 보급종으로 가장 많이 보급되고 있다(Hyun et al. 2002). 또한 보리차, 엿기름 등 가공용과 취반용으로 적합하며, 최근 새싹보리 원료로도 이용되고 있다. 그러나 맥류 내한성 검정시험에서 고사주율이 고휴와 저휴에서 각각 93%, 53%를 보였으며, 이는 ‘올보리’ 58%, 8%와 비교했을 때(RDA 2017, 2018, 2019) 내한성의 개선이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 추위와 보리누른모자이크병에 강하고 수량성이 우수하며 새싹보리의 기능성 성분 함량도 높은 6줄 겉보리 ‘싹이랑’을 개발하여 그 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
‘싹이랑’의 농업적 특성에 대한 조사는 2018년부터 2020년까지 3개년간 지역적응시험지역인 강원 춘천, 경기 수원, 충북 청원, 경북 대구, 전북 전주 등 5개 지역에서 표준 품종인 ‘올보리’와 대비하여 검토하였다(RDA 2018, 2019, 2020). 계통 생육특성, 내재해성, 내병성, 수량구성요소 및 수량 등은 지역적응시험지역에서 3개년간 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준(RDA 2012)에 준하여 시험, 조사하였다. 수량구성요소 중 천립중은 2.0 mm 종목체를 통과한 종실, 즉 설립을 제거한 종실에서 측정하였으며, 조곡 수량은 설립을 제외하고 수분 14%로 보정한 후 10 a 당으로 환산하였다. 병해검정 중 흰가루병의 성체검정은 비닐하우스에서 Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei 병원균 이병 개체로부터 접촉 접종하여 발병을 조사하였다. 보리누른모자이크병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV) 검정은 지역별 상습발병포장인 나주(strain Ⅰ), 익산(strain Ⅲ), 진주(strain Ⅳ)지역에서 토양 내 바이러스 매개 진균(Polymyxa graminis)에 의한 자연 발생을 유도하였다. ‘백동’ 품종을 비교품종으로 하여 이병 정도를 잎의 병징 발현률 기준 무 발생(0), 10% 미만(1), 11~30% (3), 31~50% (5), 51~70% (7), 71% 이상(9) 등으로 구분하여 3월에 육안조사하였다(Park et al. 2004, Park et al. 2007, Park et al. 2009). 병 검정 조사지역 중 익산 검정포에서 발병 유도한 검정계통을 대상으로, 각 검정계통 별로 감염 의심 주 3개체에서 각각 잎을 채취하여 RT-PCR을 수행(Lee et al. 2017a)하여 시료의 보리누른모자이크 바이러스 감염 여부 및 감염 바이러스 종류를 분자진단하였다. Total RNA 추출은 Rneasy plant mini kit for RNA Extraction (Qiagen, Germany)가 이용되었으며, total RNA 내의 바이러스 존재 여부 확인은 AccessQuick RT-PCR System (Promega, USA)과 바이러스 특이 시발체가 이용되었다. RT-PCR은 40℃에서 1시간, 94℃에서 3분, 1 cycle, 94℃, 30초, 58℃ 30초, 72℃ 1분, 35 cycle 수행 후 72℃ 10분 1 cycle 조건으로 반응을 수행하였다. BaYMV와 BaMMV (Barley mild mosaic virus) 두 종 바이러스를 동시 진단했으며, BaYMV 외피 단백질에서 461 bp 증폭산물을 형성하는 BaYMV F (5’-GCTTCTAGTTCAC GGCCACT-3’) / BaYMV R (5’-GTGATGCGAAAG CTTAGCGG-3’) 과, BaMMV 외피 단백질에서 594 bp 증폭산물을 형성하는 BaMMV F (5’-GGAATTTGCCCGAA CCCAAG-3’) / BaMMV R (5’-GCCTTCGGGTT TCAGT GGTT-3’)의 시발체 조합이 이용되었다. 내한성 검정은 경기도 연천군에 소재한 시험지에서 10월 상순에 파종하여 월동 후 고사주율(%)과 고엽률(%)을 조사하여 평가하였다. 도복은 줄기가 도복된 정도를 달관조사하여 0~9로 표시 하였다(0: 무, 1: 20% 이하, 3: 21~40%, 5: 41~60%, 7: 61~80%, 9: 81% 이상). 파성은 4℃에서 3주 저온 처리와 무처리 두 처리 조건으로 파성별 대조 품종과 함께 온실에 파종(이식)하고, 생육 온도를 주간 20℃ 야간 15℃로 24시간 광처리하여 주경의 엽수와 지엽전개일 수를 조사하였으며, 파성 정도는 I~Ⅳ 범위로 판정하였다.
품질 분석
보리는 조곡 상태로 분석에 이용되었으며, 분석을 위해 시료는 0.5 mm 체가 장착된 Retsch centrifugal mill (Model Dm/Zm 100)로 분쇄하였다. 단백질 분석은 원소분석기(Vari o MAX N, Elementar, Germany)를 이용하여 분석한 총 질소 함량에 6.25를 곱하여 구하였다. 베타글루칸 분석은 McCleary 방법(McCleary & Glennie-Holmes 1985)을 이용한 Megazyme kit를 이용하여 510 nm에서 분광광도계(UV-2600, Shimazu, Japan)로 흡광도를 측정하여 이루어졌다. 아밀로스 분석은 Juliano et al. (1981)의 요오도-아밀로스 착색법(Iodine-amlose complexation method)을 변형하여 이루어졌다. 시료 0.1 mg을 정확하게 측정하고, 1N NaOH 10 ml을 첨가한 후 실온에서 하룻동안 방치하여 전분을 용해시키고, 증류수를 부어 100 ml로 희석하였다. 이 용액 중 5 ml에 1 N CH3COOH 1 ml, I2KI 2 ml을 첨가하고 증류수를 부어 최종 부피를 100 ml로 하였다. 요오드-아밀로스 착색 반응 후 620 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 아밀로스 표준물질을 사용하여 표준 곡선을 작성하고, 이를 이용하여 보리 시료의 아밀로스 함량을 계산하였다. 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Denis 방법(So et al. 2002)에 따라 분석하였다. 분석은 분쇄한 시료 1 g을 80% 메탄올 20 ml로 24시간 추출하고 원심분리 후 상등액 500 µℓ에 증류수 1 mℓ와 10% Folin reagent 2.5 mℓ을 3분간 반응시키고 1 mℓ Na2CO3를 첨가하여 1시간 반응 후 760 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 이루어졌다. 정량을 위해 0.1% gallic acid를 표준물질로 검량선을 작성하였다. 효소역가는 ASBC (American society of brewing chemists) 방법 Malt-6에 준해서 이루어졌다. 엿기름 대신 분쇄한 원맥이 이용되었으며, 시료양은 1.25 g으로 하였고, 효소 추출용액은 0.5% NaCl을 이용하였다. 전분 가수분해를 위해 2% (w/v) 전분용액을 제조하고, 제조한 효소를 이용하여 반응시킨 후 0.5N NaOH로 반응을 정지시켰다. 알칼리성 ferricyanide를 첨가하고 0.05N Na2S2O3 용액을 사용하여 청색이 사라질 때까지 적정하고 DP (Diastatic power)값을 계산(blank 적정값-샘플 적정값)하였다.
새싹보리의 품질 특성을 확인하기 위해 온실에서 포트(30 cm×50 cm)에 800 g/m2로 파종하여, 온도 22~23℃ 조건의 자연 광 상태에서 재배하였다. 새싹의 평균 길이가 15 cm 일 때 수확하여 HPLC와 GC를 이용하여 사포나린과 폴리코사놀을 분석하였다. 사포나린은 건조된 새싹보리를 곱게 갈아 1 g의 시료에 20 ml 70% EtOH를 첨가하고 진탕 배양기로 24시간동안 추출 후 0.22 µm 필터로 여과 후 HPLC를 이용 분석하였다. HPLC 장비는 Ultimate 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), 컬럼은 HALO 90Å C18, 2.7 µm, 1.5×100 mm가 사용하였다. 장비 조건은 컬럼 온도 35℃, 검출기는 UV Detector가 이용되었으며 254 nm 파장에서 검출하였다. 이동상은 0.1% formic acid가 포함된 water (A)와 acetonitrile (B)를 사용하였으며 유속은 0.3 ml/min, 이동상 구배는 다음과 같다: 0~2 min, B 10%; 2~15 min, B 15%; 15~16 min, B 90%; 16~21 min, B 10%; 21~22 min, B 10%; 22~25 min, B 10%, B 10%. Saopnarin은 표준물질의 머무름 시간과 비교하여 확인하였다. Policosanol 분석은 Lee et al. (2022)과 같게 분석되었다. 건조 새싹보리 분말 1 g을 헥산 10 ml로 진탕 배양하여 추출하였다. 상층액을 0.45 µm 여과 후 감압 회전 증발기를 이용해 농축하고 클로로포름 용액 0.25 ml에 재 현탁시켰다. 클로로포름 용액과 Trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) 용액을 1:1로 섞어 60℃에 15분간 유도체화를 시킨 후 직접 분석하였다. 샘플은 Agilent 5977A 시리즈 질량분석기와 결합된 GC 시스템(Agilent Technologies Inc., PaloAlto, CA, USA)으로 분석하였다. GC-MS 시스템의 실험 조건은 다음과 같다. 컬럼은 HP-5MS UI모세관 컬럼(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm)을 사용하였으며, 운반 가스로는 유량 1.2 mL/min의 헬륨을 사용하였다. MS 스펙트럼은 이온화 에너지 70 eV에서 측정하였고, 질량 범위는 40-500 AMU로 설정하였다. 오븐 온도는 230℃에서 260℃까지 25℃/min의 속도로 상승시킨 후, 다시 260℃에서 300℃까지는 20℃/min의 속도로 상승시켜 7분간 유지하였다. 주입구와 MS 전송 라인의 온도는 각각 280℃, MS 소스는 230℃로 설정하였다. Policosanol은 표준물질의 머무름 시간과 질량 스펙트럼상의 단편화 패턴을 비교하여 확인하였다.
통계 분석
통계분석은 RStudio software (version 4.1.0, RStudio, PBC, Boston, USA)을 이용하였으며, 형질조사 값 들에 대해 대조품종(‘올보리’)과의 차이를 t-test로 유의수준 95% (α=0.05)에서 검정하였다. 새싹보리의 수량 및 품질에 대한 품종과의 차이는 Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT, p<0.05)를 이용하였다.
육성 경위
추위에 강하고 대립이면서 새싹 수량이 많은 보리 품종을 육성하기 위해 2008년에 대립 다수성으로 보리누른모자이크병 저항성이면서 새싹보리용 특성을 가진 ‘큰알보리1호(IT213217)’을 모본으로, 추위에 강하고 2조 대립인 ‘Arta (IT302383)’ 품종을 부본으로 하여 인공교배하였다. 2009년에 F1을 양성한 후 2010~2011년에 집단으로 F2~F3를 전개하였다. 2012~2014년에는 F4~F6 계통에서 추위에 강하고, 새싹 너비가 넓고 풍성한 계통을 달관으로 선발하였다. 선발된 우량계통을 2020년에는 예비관찰시험(Observational yield trial, OYT)으로 시험 후 농업형질이 우수한 IC08003-B-B-8-2-2 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 이 계통을 2년간 생산력검정시험(2016~2017) 후 우수성이 인정되어 ‘전주510호’로 계통명을 부여받아 2018~2020년까지 3년간 전작 수원, 춘천, 청주 3개 지역, 답리작 재배 전주, 대구 2개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다(RDA 2018, 2019, 2020). 그 결과, 도복에 안정적이고 추위에 강하고 대립이면서 새싹 수량이 많은 다수성 겉보리로 우수성이 입증되어 2020년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 ‘싹이랑’으로 명명하였다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2023년 식물신품종보호법 제54조에 따라 품종보호등록원부에 등록(품종보호 제9728호)되었다. 육성 경위를 도식화하면 Fig. 1과 같다.
고유특성
‘싹이랑’은 파성 Ⅱ (춘파형, spring type)로 ‘올보리’ Ⅳ (추파형, winter type)와는 차이가 있었으며, 껍질은 수확시 벗겨지지 않는 겉보리 형태이다(Table 1, Fig. 2A). 엽색은 녹색이고, ‘큰알보리1호’와 같은 광엽형이었다(Hyun et al. 2002). 줄기의 색은 ‘올보리’와 같은 녹색, 줄기의 굵기는 중 정도를 나타냈다(Table 1, Fig. 2B). 이삭은 6줄의 밀수형이었으며, 까락의 길이는 길었다(Table 1).
농업적 형질 및 재해 저항성
Table 2에 ‘싹이랑’의 농업적 형질 특성을 나타내었다. 출수기는 4월 24일로 ‘올보리’와 같았고, 성숙기는 6월 2일로 1일 늦었다. 간장은 80 cm로 ‘올보리’ 84 cm보다 4 cm 짧았으며, 수장은 4.9 cm로 ‘올보리’보다 0.6 cm 길었다. ‘싹이랑’의 단위면적당 수수는 655개로 ‘올보리’와 비슷했고, 1수립수는 56개로 7립 많은 다립성 품종이다. 천립중은 35.2 g으로 ‘올보리’(34 g)에 비해 1.2 g 무거웠고, 1ℓ중은 679 g으로 ‘올보리’ 724 g보다 다소 가벼웠으나 유의성은 없었다.
재해 안정성 및 내병성 시험 결과를 Table 3에 나타냈다. 내한성은 경기도 연천 시험포장에서 검정한 결과(RDA 2018, 2019, 2020) 고사주율은 표준 재배에서 3.3%, 고휴 재배에서 55.0%로 ‘올보리’(7.7%, 57.0%)와 대등한 경과를 보였다. ‘큰알보리1호’는 표준 재배 46.0%, 고휴 66.7%를 보여 ‘싹이랑’이 추위에 강함을 알 수 있었다(Fig. 3B). 도복 발생률이 높은 수원과 청주의 평균 도복지수는 ‘싹이랑’ 4, ‘올보리’ 6으로 ‘싹이랑’이 도복에 강하였으며, 흰가루병 저항성은 ‘싹이랑’과 ‘올보리’가 같은 감수성이었다. 토양 전염 바이러스병인 보리누른모자이크병은 보리 재배지역별 다른 4종류의 바이러스 계통의 병원성이 보고되어 있다(Park et al. 2004, Park et al. 2007), 중남부 주재배지역인 나주(strain Ⅰ형)와 진주(strain Ⅳ형) 지역에서 보리누른모자이크병은 발병되지 않았으며, strain Ⅲ형인 익산지역에서는 ‘싹이랑’이 1로 저항성을 보였고, ‘올보리’는 4를 나타냈다. RT-PCR을 통한 시료의 바이러스 감염 여부 및 감염 바이러스 종류 등의 분자적 진단 결과 올보리는 BaYMV에 감염되었음이 확인되었다(Fig. 3A).
품질 특성
‘싹이랑’의 원맥 품질 분석 결과를 Table 4에 나타내었다. 단백질 함량은 조곡에서 10.2%로 ‘올보리’ 11.2%와 비슷하였으며, 베타글루칸 함량도 4.3%로 ‘올보리’ 4.5%와 같았다. 아밀로스 함량은 18.8%로 ‘올보리’(18.3%)보다 높은 특성으로 ‘올보리’와 같은 메성 특성을 보였다. ‘싹이랑’의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 178 mg/100g으로 ‘올보리’ 164 mg/100g보다 높은 특성을 보였다. 엿기름의 주요 품질 특성인 잠재적인 효소역가는 ‘싹이랑’과 ‘올보리’가 각각 107 DP, 99 DP로 비슷하였다. 보리는 아밀로스 함량에 따라 메성 보리(17~24%)와 찰성 보리(10% 이하)로 구분할 수 있다(Habschied et al. 2020). 국내 육성된 보리 품종들의 아밀로스와 베타글루칸 함량은 각각 4.9%~21.5%, 4.6%~6.8% 범위였으며, 찰성보리와 메성보리의 베타글루칸 평균함량은 각각 6.5%, 5.0%로 찰성 보리가 더 높았다(Kim et al. 2018b, Kim et al. 2021, Lee et al. 2014, Lee et al. 2016, Lee et al. 2018a, Lee et al. 2018b, Lee et al. 2023, Park et al. 2023a, Yoon et al. 2022). Sung et al. (1999)도 찰성 보리가 메성 보리보다 베타글루칸 함량이 높은 경향이었다고 하였다. ‘싹이랑’은 아밀로스 함량이 18.8%, 베타글루칸 함량은 4.3%로 기존 메성 보리 품종들보다는 낮은 값을 보였다. Pin & Kaur (2006)는 보리의 베타글루칸이 심혈관 및 당뇨병 위험 요소 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 베타글루칸이 혈중 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮추고, 혈당 조절을 개선하며, 인슐린 반응을 향상시킬 수 있다고 보고하였다. 따라서 보리품종의 베타글루칸 함량을 높이는 육종 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.
‘싹이랑’ 새싹보리의 품질 특성을 Table 5에 나타내었다. ‘싹이랑’ 새싹의 건조 중량이 157 gdw/m2으로 ‘올보리’ 133 gdw/m2, ‘큰알보리1호’ 130 gdw/m2보다 18~21% 더 많았다. 새싹보리의 폴리코사놀과 사포나린 분석 크로마토그램을 Fig. 4에 나타냈다. 폴리코사놀 함량은 ‘싹이랑’, ‘올보리’, ‘큰알보리1호’가 각각 448 mg/100g, 245 mg/100g, 437 mg/100g로 ‘싹이랑’이 가장 높았다. 사포나린 함량은 ‘싹이랑’이 494 mg/100g로 ‘올보리’ 525 mg/100g, ‘큰알보리1호’ 548 mg/100g보다는 낮은 특성을 보였다. Oh et al. (2021)은 새싹보리의 사포나린 함량이 광량과 생육기간에 따라 306 mg/100g~653 mg/100g을 보였다고 하여 본 결과와 비슷한 값을 나타냈다. Yoon et al. (2021a)은 수분스트레스를 받지 않는 ‘큰알보리1호’ 새싹의 사포나린 함량이 1,089 mg/100g이라고 하여 본 연구결과보다는 높은 결과를 보였는데, 시설재배에서 생산한 새싹보리는 노지재배와 달리 연중 생산이 가능하나 사포나린 함량이 낮은 단점이 있다고 알려져 있으며, 광량, 광주기, 광질 등이 식물의 성장과 발달, 형태형성, 이차대사산물의 생성 등에 영향을 미친다고 하였다(Lee et al. 2017b).
수량성
‘싹이랑’의 수량성은 2018년부터 2020년까지 3개년간 실시한 지역적응시험(RDA 2018, 2019, 2020) 결과, 전작에서 재배한 수원, 춘천, 청주지역에서 589 kg/10a으로 ‘올보리’(512 kg/10a)보다 15% 증수하였으며, 답리작 재배지역인 익산(전주)와 대구지역에서도 508 kg/10a (‘올보리’ 387 kg/10a)로 31% 증수하였다. 전체 평균의 수량성은 10a당 557 kg으로 ‘올보리’(462 kg)보다 21% 다수성을 보였다(Table 6). 품종들의 지역별, 연차별, 재배별 수량에는 차이가 있었는데, 이것은 보리가 월동작물로 내한성에 대한 영향이 크고, 기상조건, 특히 출수기 및 등숙기 동안의 강수량과 기온에 크게 영향을 받기 때문일 것이다. 겨울철 기온이 높고 봄철 강우가 충분하면 보리 생육이 원활하지만, 이상고온, 한파, 건조 등은 생식 생장 단계에 영향을 주어 수량을 감소시킨다(Ko et al. 2019).
‘싹이랑’은 도복과 추위에 강하고 다수성을 보이면서 새싹의 수량과 기능성 성분 함량이 높은 겉보리 품종이다. ‘싹이랑’의 파성은 Ⅱ, 이삭밀도는 밀수형, 까락은 장망형이며, 출수기는 4월 24일로 조숙종인 ‘올보리’와 같았고, 성숙기는 6월 2일로 1일 늦은 특성을 보였다. 간장은 80 cm로 ‘올보리’(84 cm) 대비 4 cm 작고, 수장은 4.9 cm로 ‘올보리’(4.3 cm)보다 길었다. m2 당 수수는 655개로 ‘올보리’(672개)보다 적었고, 1수립수 56립(‘올보리’ 49립), 천립중 35.2 g (‘올보리’ 34.0 g)으로 ‘올보리’보다 1수립수는 많고 천립중은 무거웠다. 리터중(679 g)은 ‘올보리’(724 g)보다 가벼웠다. 토양 전염 바이러스병인 보리누른모자이크병은 이병 정도가 1로 저항성을 보였으며, 한해는 ‘올보리’와 같은 저항성을 보였다. ‘싹이랑’의 도복 정도는 4로 ‘올보리’ 6보다 강하였고, 흰가루병은 ‘올보리’와 같은 감수성이었다. 품질 특성 중 단백질과 베타글루칸은 10.2%, 4.3%으로 ‘올보리’와 비슷했으며, 아밀로스는 18.8%으로 ‘올보리’와 같은 메성 특성을 보였다. ‘싹이랑’의 잠재적 효소역가는 107 DP로 올보리 99 DP와 비슷하였다. 폴리페놀 함량은 178 mg/100g으로 ‘올보리’ 164 mg/100g보다 높았다. ‘싹이랑’의 조곡 수량은 전체지역 평균 557 kg/10a로 ‘올보리’(462 kg/10a)보다 21% 증수하였다. 새싹보리 수량은 157 gdw/m2로 ‘올보리’ 133 gdw/m2보다 많았으며, 폴리코사놀 함량도 448 mg/100g으로 ‘올보리’ 245 mg/100g보다 높은 특성을 보였다. ‘싹이랑’은 흰가루병과 내한성에 약하므로 흰가루병이 상습적으로 발생하는 지역과 1월 최저평균 -8℃ 이하 지역에서는 재배를 피해야 한다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원의 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명: 식가공 맥류 용도별 신품종 개발 및 유전체 육종 기반 구축(4단계), 과제번호: PJ017674012025)의 지원에 의해 수행되었습니다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree of the barley variety, ‘Ssagirang’.
kjbs-57-3-279-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
(A) Grain comparison of ‘Ssagirang’ and ‘Olbori’. (B) Morphological comparison of ‘Ssagirang’ and ‘Olbori’ at the heading stage.
kjbs-57-3-279-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Comparative analysis of (A) barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) resistance and (B) cold resistance.
kjbs-57-3-279-f3.jpg
Fig. 4
Chromatographic profile of barley sprouts: (A) Polycosanol composition (1: Eicosanol, 2: Heneicosanol, 3: Docosanol, 4: Tricosanol, 5: Tetracosanol, 6: Hexacosanol, 7: Heptacosanol, 8: Octacosanol, 9: Triacontanol), (B) Saponarin.
kjbs-57-3-279-f4.jpg
Table 1
Vernalizationand morphological characteristics of ‘Ssagirang’.
Table 1
Cultivar Vernalization Grain
husk		 Leaf Culm Spike Awn
length
Color Width Color Diameter Type Density
Ssagirang Ⅱ Covered Green Wide Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Olbori Ⅳ Covered Green Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Ssagirang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2018 to 2020.
Table 2
Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike
 Test weight (g) 1,000 grain weight (g)
Ssagirang Apr.24 June 2 80* 4.9* 655ns 56* 679ns 35.2*
Olbori Apr.24 June 1 84 4.3 672 49 724 34.0

nsand *mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Ssagirang’ from 2018 to 2020.
Table 3
Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging tolerencey (0~9) Powdery mildewx BaYMV (0~9)*
High ridge Normal Infection type Naju (Ⅰ) Iksan (Ⅲ) Jinju (Ⅳ)
Ssagirang 55.0ns 3.3ns 4 Susceptible 0 1 0
Olbori 57.0 7.7 6 Susceptible 0 4 0

zData tested at Yeoncheon. ‘Keunalbori1’: winter withering rate (normal) 46.0%.

YThe average of lodging tolerance in the area where lodging occurs (Suwon, Cheongju, 0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible).

xDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house in Jeonju from 2018 to 2020.

*Investigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

Table 4
Grain quality of ‘Ssagirang’.
Table 4
Cultivar Protein content
(%)		 β-glucan content
(%)		 Amylose content
(%)		 Polyphenol content
(mg/100g)		 Diastatic power
(DP)
Ssagirang 10.2ns 4.3ns 18.8* 178* 107
Olbori 11.2 4.5 18.3 164 99

nsand *mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 5
Characterization of barley sprouts.
Table 5
Cultivar Biomass
(gdw/m2)		 Polycosanol
(mg/100g)		 Saponarin
(g/100g)
Ssagirang 157 a 448 a 494 c
Olbori 133 b 245 b 525 b
Keumalbori1ho 130 c 437 a 548 a

*Barley sprouts: seeding rate 800 g/m2, sowing area 30 cm×50 cm, temperature range 22~23℃. barley sprout length 15 cm. Different letters within the same column indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT, p<0.05).

Table 6
Yield potential of ‘Ssagirang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2018 to 2020.
Table 6
Field Region Ssagirang (kg/10a) Olbori (kg/10a) Index
(A÷B)×100
2018 2019 2020 Mean (A) 2018 2019 2020 Mean (B)
Upland Suwon 869 690 792 784 671 605 646 641 122
Chuncheon 473 412 649 511 404 416 626 482 106
Cheongju 473 399 548 473 398 416 427 414 114
Mean 605 500 663 589* 491 479 566 512 115
Paddy Jeonju 409 674 477 520 346 485 301 377 138
Daegu 518 373 598 496 494 263 431 396 125
Mean 464 524 538 508* 420 374 366 387 131
Total mean 548 510 613 557* 463 437 486 462 121

*means significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test. Yield of ‘Keunalbori 1ho’ was 473 kg/10a in the regional yield trials (2018~2020).

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‘Ssagirang’: A High-Yielding Hulled Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar with Cold Tolerance, Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance, and High Sprout Biomass
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(3):279-290.   Published online September 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.3.279
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‘Ssagirang’: A High-Yielding Hulled Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar with Cold Tolerance, Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance, and High Sprout Biomass
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(3):279-290.   Published online September 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.3.279
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‘Ssagirang’: A High-Yielding Hulled Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar with Cold Tolerance, Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance, and High Sprout Biomass
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree of the barley variety, ‘Ssagirang’.
Fig. 2 (A) Grain comparison of ‘Ssagirang’ and ‘Olbori’. (B) Morphological comparison of ‘Ssagirang’ and ‘Olbori’ at the heading stage.
Fig. 3 Comparative analysis of (A) barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) resistance and (B) cold resistance.
Fig. 4 Chromatographic profile of barley sprouts: (A) Polycosanol composition (1: Eicosanol, 2: Heneicosanol, 3: Docosanol, 4: Tricosanol, 5: Tetracosanol, 6: Hexacosanol, 7: Heptacosanol, 8: Octacosanol, 9: Triacontanol), (B) Saponarin.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

‘Ssagirang’: A High-Yielding Hulled Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar with Cold Tolerance, Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance, and High Sprout Biomass

Vernalizationand morphological characteristics of ‘Ssagirang’.

Cultivar Vernalization Grain
husk		 Leaf Culm Spike Awn
length
Color Width Color Diameter Type Density
Ssagirang Ⅱ Covered Green Wide Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Olbori Ⅳ Covered Green Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Ssagirang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2018 to 2020.

Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike
 Test weight (g) 1,000 grain weight (g)
Ssagirang Apr.24 June 2 80* 4.9* 655ns 56* 679ns 35.2*
Olbori Apr.24 June 1 84 4.3 672 49 724 34.0

Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Ssagirang’ from 2018 to 2020.

Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging tolerencey (0~9) Powdery mildewx BaYMV (0~9)*
High ridge Normal Infection type Naju (Ⅰ) Iksan (Ⅲ) Jinju (Ⅳ)
Ssagirang 55.0ns 3.3ns 4 Susceptible 0 1 0
Olbori 57.0 7.7 6 Susceptible 0 4 0

Grain quality of ‘Ssagirang’.

Cultivar Protein content
(%)		 β-glucan content
(%)		 Amylose content
(%)		 Polyphenol content
(mg/100g)		 Diastatic power
(DP)
Ssagirang 10.2ns 4.3ns 18.8* 178* 107
Olbori 11.2 4.5 18.3 164 99

Characterization of barley sprouts.

Cultivar Biomass
(gdw/m2)		 Polycosanol
(mg/100g)		 Saponarin
(g/100g)
Ssagirang 157 a 448 a 494 c
Olbori 133 b 245 b 525 b
Keumalbori1ho 130 c 437 a 548 a

Yield potential of ‘Ssagirang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2018 to 2020.

Field Region Ssagirang (kg/10a) Olbori (kg/10a) Index
(A÷B)×100
2018 2019 2020 Mean (A) 2018 2019 2020 Mean (B)
Upland Suwon 869 690 792 784 671 605 646 641 122
Chuncheon 473 412 649 511 404 416 626 482 106
Cheongju 473 399 548 473 398 416 427 414 114
Mean 605 500 663 589* 491 479 566 512 115
Paddy Jeonju 409 674 477 520 346 485 301 377 138
Daegu 518 373 598 496 494 263 431 396 125
Mean 464 524 538 508* 420 374 366 387 131
Total mean 548 510 613 557* 463 437 486 462 121
Table 1 Vernalizationand morphological characteristics of ‘Ssagirang’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Ssagirang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongwon, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2018 to 2020.

nsand *mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Ssagirang’ from 2018 to 2020.

zData tested at Yeoncheon. ‘Keunalbori1’: winter withering rate (normal) 46.0%.

YThe average of lodging tolerance in the area where lodging occurs (Suwon, Cheongju, 0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible).

xDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house in Jeonju from 2018 to 2020.

*Investigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

Table 4 Grain quality of ‘Ssagirang’.

nsand *mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 5 Characterization of barley sprouts.

*Barley sprouts: seeding rate 800 g/m2, sowing area 30 cm×50 cm, temperature range 22~23℃. barley sprout length 15 cm. Different letters within the same column indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT, p<0.05).

Table 6 Yield potential of ‘Ssagirang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2018 to 2020.

*means significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test. Yield of ‘Keunalbori 1ho’ was 473 kg/10a in the regional yield trials (2018~2020).

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