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New Cultivar Developed

조생 종실용 옥수수 단교잡 신품종 ‘신황옥2호’

손범영1,*, 김정태2, 이진석1, 배환희1, 고영삼1

‘Sinhwangok2’: A Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Early-Maturing Grain Use

Beom-Young Son1,*, Jung-Tae Kim2, Jin-Seok Lee1, Hwan-Hee Bae1, Young-Sam Go1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(3):211-214.
Published online: September 1, 2022

1국립식량과학원

2농촌진흥청

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: sonby@korea.kr, Tel: +82-31-695-4039, Fax: +82-31-695-4029)
• Received: May 17, 2022   • Revised: May 29, 2022   • Accepted: May 31, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Sinhwangok2’ is a single cross maize F1 hybrid (Zea mays L.) that was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, in 2018. This yellow high-yielding intermediate maize hybrid was obtained by crossing between two inbred lines― KS214 and KS215. After advanced yield trials over two years in Suwon, a regional yield trial for ‘Sinhwangok2’ was conducted to evaluate its growth and yield at three different locations, from 2016 to 2018. ‘Sinhwangok2’ requires 72 days for silking and its plant height is 243 cm, similar to that of ‘Jangdaok’; its ear height ratio is 49%, like that of ‘Jangdaok’, and the hybrid shows resistance to lodging. The number of ears per 100 plants was found to be 100 and the ear length of ‘Sinhwangok2’ is 19.5 cm, which is shorter than that of ‘Jangdaok’. The weight of 100 seeds of ‘Sinhwangok2’ is 30.8 g, similar to that of ‘Jangdaok’. This hybrid shows moderate resistance to southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis). It has moderate resistance to European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). The grain yield (i.e., 9.41 ton/ha) of ‘Sinhwangok2’ was found to be 13%, which is higher than that of ‘Jangdaok’. Seed production of ‘Sinhwangok2’ was 2.36 ton/ha and was considered acceptable due to a good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS214, and the pollen parent, i.e., KS215, in Yeongwol and F1 seed yield. ‘Sinhwangok2’ can thus be a suitable cultivar for all plain areas in Korea and can possibly be cultivated via double cropping with winter forage crop because of their early maturity. (Registration No. 8963).
  • Keywords: Zea mays; Crossing; Grain; Yield; Seed production
옥수수(Zea mays L.)는 세계적으로 식량과 사료로써 널리 이용되고 있다. 옥수수는 배유 내에 저장되어 있는 전분질, 단백질 및 지방의 함량이 적지 않고 특히 황색종은 비타민 A가 풍부하여 식품이나 공업원료용, 농후사료로서 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 최근 우리나라에서 이용되는 옥수수의 수입량은 1,164만톤인데 주로 미국, 브라질, 아르헨티나 등으로부터 수입하고 있다(Statistics Korea. 2021). 농림축산식품 주요통계 자료를 보면 소, 돼지, 닭 등 가축의 배합사료용으로 이용된 것이 953만톤(2020)으로 옥수수 수입량의 대부분을 차지하고 있다(Statistics Korea. 2021). 현재 옥수수 식량자급률은 3.6%이며, 사료용을 포함한 옥수수 곡물자급률은 0.7%에 불과해 곡물자급률을 제고하기 위한 적극적인 정책수단과 노력이 필요한 것으로 보고 있다(Statistics Korea. 2021). 우리나라 식량자급률 및 곡물자급률을 높이기 위해서는 다수성 종실 옥수수를 육성하고 다수확 재배기술을 개발하여 옥수수 생산성을 높이는 것이 필요하다. 2000년에 ‘광평옥’(Moon et al. 2001)을 육성한 바 있으나, 이 품종은 단작 재배에 적합하나 숙기가 늦어 이탈리안라이그라스(Italian ryegrass, IRG), 호밀 등 동계(겨울)조사료 수확 후작으로 재배하기가 곤란하다. 따라서 동계조사료 수확 후작으로 재배가 가능한 숙기가 빠른 옥수수 품종 개발이 필요하다. 이에 국립식량과학원에서는 출사일수가 짧고 숙기가 빨라 동계조사료 후작으로 재배 가능성이 높을 뿐 아니라 종실수량이 많은 단교잡종 ‘신황옥2호(조생 ‘신황옥’ 품종 시리즈 품종으로 명명함)’를 개발하였기에 품종의 육성경위, 주요 생육특성 및 수량성 등을 보고하고자 한다.
본 연구는 조숙 다수성 종실용 옥수수를 육성하기 위해 2016~ 2018년까지 3년간 수원, 홍천, 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였다.
고유특성조사 및 생산력 검정시험
출사일수는 파종기부터 출사기까지의 소요된 생육일수로 하였다. 간장은 지면에서 웅수목까지의 길이를 측정하였고 착수고는 지면으로부터 최상단 이삭이 달린 마디까지의 높이를 측정하였다. 도복의 조사범위는 1~9로 우수한 것을 1, 불량한 것을 9로 표시하였다. 깨씨무늬병(Southern leaf blight: Bipolaris maydis), 그을음무늬병(Northern leaf blight: Exserohilum turcicum)의 조사범위는 0~9로 저항성은 0, 불량한 것을 9로 표시하였다. 깨씨무늬병은 깨씨무늬병 병원균을 PDA 배지에서 배양하여 저온 보관 한 병원균 균총을 PDA평판배지에 이식하여 25℃ 항온기에서 배양한 후 5-6엽기 유묘를 대상으로 병원균을 인공접종한 후 습실조건을 만들어 병 발생을 유도한 다음 병 발생 정도와 병반형성 면적률을 고려하여 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9로 등급을 주어 조사하였다. 그을음무늬병은 자연발생조건에서 조사하였다. 조명나방(Corn borer: Ostrina furnacalis)은 자연발생조건에서 조사하였다. 종실수량은 구당 4열 가운데 2줄의 이삭을 수확하여 산출하였다. 생산력검정 시험은 2014~2015년 2년간 수원에서 수행하였다. 시험구는 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였으며, 재식밀도는 60x30 cm(55,000 본/ha)로 하였고 대조품종은 ‘장다옥’으로 하였다. 파종은 2014년에는 4월 14일에 하였으며 2015년에는 4월 28일에 하였다.
지역적응성 시험
지역적응성 시험은 2016~2018년까지 3년간 경기 수원, 강원 홍천, 경북 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였다. ‘신황옥2호’의 지역적응시험을 위해 종실용 옥수수인 ‘장다옥’을 대비품종으로 선정하였으며, 이 품종은 2003년 육성된 단교잡종으로 이삭길이가 ‘수원19호’보다 길고 종실수량이 많다(Son et al. 2004). 시비량은 ha당 N-P2O5-K2O=174-30-69 ㎏로 그 중 ha당 질소(N) 87 kg, 인산(P2O5) 30 kg, 칼리(K2O) 69 kg을 기비로 파종 전에 시용하였고, 파종 후 본엽 7~8 엽기에 질소(N) 87 kg를 추비로 시용하였다. 퇴비는 ha당 15톤을 시용하였다. 지역별 파종은 2016년에 수원(4월 18일), 홍천(4월 25일), 대구(4월 15일), 2017년에 수원(4월 17일), 홍천(4월 25일), 대구(4월 14일)에 하였다. 2018년에 수원(4월 17일), 홍천(4월 28일), 대구(4월 17일)에 하였다. 재식밀도는 60×30 cm (55,000 본/ha)로 하였으며, 한 주에 2립씩 심어 3~4엽기에 한 주에 1개체만 남기고 솎아 주었다. 시험구는 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 통계처리는 SAS프로그램(V.9.1)의 PROC ANOVA procedure를 이용하여 최소유의차검정법(Least Significant Difference Test, LSD)를 통해 평균값을 5% 유의수준에서 비교하였다.
육성경위
‘신황옥2호’의 교잡 모본인 KS214 및 부본인 KS215는 2006년 육성재료로 도입한 Pedigree를 6세대에 걸쳐 자식(Selfing)시켜 계통으로 육성한 것이다. ‘신황옥2호’는 2013년에 육성된 자식계통 KS214를 종자친(모본)으로 하고 2013년에 육성된 자식계통 KS215를 화분친(부본)으로 하여 교잡된 단교잡종이다. ‘신황옥2호’는 2014~2015년까지 2년 동안 수원에서 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2016~2018년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2018년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되어 ‘신황옥2호’로 명명되었다(Fig. 1).
고유특성
‘신황옥2호’의 수염색은 담자색이나 대비품종인 ‘장다옥’은 담녹색이고 종피색은 황색이며 입질(이삭립형)은 중간종이다. ‘신황옥2호’의 출사일수는 72일로 ‘장다옥’보다 5일 빠르다. 간장은 243 cm로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하며 착수고율은 ‘장다옥’과 같다. 도복은 ‘장다옥’ 정도로 강(1.3)한 것으로 나타났다. 100주당 이삭수는 100개이며, 이삭길이는 19.5 cm로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 100립중은 30.8 g으로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다(Table 1). 깨씨무늬병은 중간(5.5)정도의 저항성이며 그을음무늬병에는 강(1.0)한 저항성이었다(Table 2).
수량성
‘신황옥2호’(수원215호)의 생산력검정시험은 수원에서 2014~ 2015년에 걸쳐 2년동안 실시하였다. 생산력검정시험에서 ‘신황옥2호’의 종실수량은 ha당 9.79톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 25% 더 많았다(Table 3).
‘신황옥2호’의 지역적응시험은 2016~2018년에 걸쳐 3년간 경기 수원, 강원 홍천, 경북 대구 등 3지역에서 수행하였다. 지역적응시험에서 ‘신황옥2호’의 종실수량은 ha당 9.41톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 13% 더 많았다(Table 4). ‘신황옥2호’는 2012년에서 2015년 동안 시험을 걸쳐 육성된 ‘신황옥’(Son et al. 2017) (ha당 8.90톤)보다 5.6% 더 종실수량이 많았다.
옥수수 1대 교잡종 품종(F1품종)은 해마다 교잡하여 종자를 채종해야 한다. 채종할 때 채종지역의 기상, 토양 등에 따라 지역간 모본과 부본의 개화(출웅기 및 출사기)반응이 다르게 반응함으로 최근 ‘광평옥’, ‘다청옥’ 등 보급종을 생산하고 있는 강원도 영월지역에서 채종 안정성을 검토하였다. 2018년에 ‘신황옥2호’ 모본(KS214)과 부본(KS215)의 재식비율을 4∶1로 동시 파종하여 채종시험을 한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분 비산기간이 일치하였고 착립장률은 91%를 나타내었다. ‘신황옥2호’의 채종수량은 ha당 2.36톤이 생산되었다(Table 5).
재배상의 유의점
‘신황옥2호’는 전국에서 재배가 가능하지만 남부평야지의 검은줄오갈병이 많이 발생되는 지역(Lee et al. 1987, Lee et al. 1988)에서는 재배를 피하고, 4월 중순 및 하순경에 토양수분이 충분할 때 파종하며 검은줄오갈병 매개체인 애멸구 발생시기를 피해야 한다.
‘신황옥2호’는 다수성 종실용 옥수수 품종 개발을 위하여 2013년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS214와 KS215를 교잡하여 육성한 다수성 1대 교잡 품종(F1품종)이다. ‘신황옥2호’의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 중간종이다. 2014~2015년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2016~2018년까지 3년 동안 수원 등 3지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 우수성이 인정되어 2018년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었고 ‘신황옥2호’로 명명하였다. ‘신황옥2호’의 출사일수는 72일이며 ‘장다옥’보다 5일 빠르다. 간장은 243 cm로 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하며 착수고율은 49%로 ‘장다옥’과 같다. 도복은 ‘장다옥’ 정도로 강(1.3)한 것으로 나타났다. 100주당 이삭수는 100개이며, 이삭길이는 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 100립중은 ‘장다옥’과 비슷하다. 깨씨무늬병은 중간정도(5.5)의 저항성이며 그을음무늬병에는 강(1.0)한 저항성이었다. 조명나방 저항성은 중(6.2) 정도를 보인다. ‘신황옥2호’의 종실수량은 ha당 9.41톤으로 ‘장다옥’보다 13% 더 많았다. 4∶1(모본:부본) 재식비율로 같은 날 동시파종하여 채종 시험한 결과 모본 출사기와 부본 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며, 채종수량은 ha당 2.36톤이었다. ‘신황옥2호’는 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다. 이러한 ‘신황옥2호’는 숙기가 빨라 IRG, 호밀 등 동계조사료 후작으로 재배가 가능하며 이모작 작부체계에 활용이 가능하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ01478901)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임
Fig. 1
Breeding procedure of ‘Sinhwangok2’ PYT (preliminary yield trial), AYT (advanced yield trial), RYT (regional yield trial).
kjbs-54-3-211-f1.jpg
Table 1
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Sinhwangok2’
Table 1
Hybrid Days to silking (days) Plant height (cm) Ratioz (%) Lodging (1~9) Ear per 100 plants (No.) Ear length (cm) 100 seeds weight (g)
Sinhwangok2 72b 243a 49a 1.3a 100a 19.5a 30.8a
Jangdaok 77a 262a 49a 1.1a 94a 21.6a 30.5a

zEar height ratio=ear height/plant height×100

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 2
Resistance to disease of ‘Sinhwangok2’
Table 2
Hybrid Disease resistance Corn borer (0~9)
Southern leaf blight (0~9) Northern leaf blight (0~9)
Sinhwangok2 MR (5.5a) R (1.0a) MR (6.2a)
Jangdaok MR (4.2a) R (1.3a) MR (5.5a)

R: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 3
Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2014 to 2015 in Suwon, NICS
Table 3
Hybrid Grain yield (ton/ha) Index (%)
2014 2015 Mean
Sinhwangok2 11.61 7.97 9.79a 125
Jangdaok 9.09 6.59 7.84b 100

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 4
Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in regional yield trial from 2016 to 2018
Table 4
Location Sinhwangok2 (ton/ha) Jangdaok (ton/ha)
2016 2017 2018 Mean 2016 2017 2018 Mean
Suwon 10.46 9.58 7.79 9.28 9.98 6.46 6.58 7.67
Hongcheon 11.58 10.34 8.57 10.16 10.66 8.25 7.71 8.87
Daegu 8.38 10.41 7.54 8.78 10.53 9.43 5.37 8.44
Mean 10.14 10.11 7.97 9.41a (113) 10.39 8.05 6.55 8.33a (100)

Values within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 5
F1 Seed production trial of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in Yeongwol
Table 5
Planting rate (♀:♂) Inbred Silking date Pollen dispersal period Ear length (cm) Fertile kernels (%) F1 seed yield (ton/ha)
4 : 1 KS214 (♀) July 13 - 14.1 91 2.36
KS215 (♂) - July 13~17 - - -
  • 1. Lee SS, Lee JM. 1987. Productivity of silage corn hybrids in rice black-streaked dwarf virus prevalent region. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 7: 140-145.
  • 2. Lee SS, Park KY, Park SU, Lee SS. 1988. Population of Laodelphax striatellus, percentage of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) viruliferous vector and RBSDV infection of maize in different locations. Korean Journal of Crop Science 33: 74-80.
  • 3. Moon HG, Son BY, Cha SW, Jung TW, Lee YH, Seo JH, Min HK, Choi KJ, Huh CS, Kim SD. 2001. A new single cross hybrid for silage "Kwangpyeongok". Korean J Breed Sci 33: 350-351.
  • 4. Son BY, Baek SB, Kim JT, Lee JS, Bae HH, Park CH, Seo MJ, Lee JH. 2017. Single cross maize hybrid for grain, "Sinhwangok". Korean J Breed Sci 49: 109-112.
  • 5. Son BY, Moon HG, Jung TW, Park NK, Kim SK, Cha SW, Rye YH, Sung BR, Huh CS, Ryu SH. 2004. A new single cross maize hybrid cultivar, "Jangdaok" for grain and silage. Korean J Breed Sci 36: 185-186.
  • 6. Statistics Korea. 2021. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. http://lib.mafra.go.kr

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‘Sinhwangok2’: A Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Early-Maturing Grain Use
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(3):211-214.   Published online September 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.3.211
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Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
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Include:
‘Sinhwangok2’: A Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Early-Maturing Grain Use
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(3):211-214.   Published online September 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.3.211
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‘Sinhwangok2’: A Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Early-Maturing Grain Use
Image
Fig. 1 Breeding procedure of ‘Sinhwangok2’ PYT (preliminary yield trial), AYT (advanced yield trial), RYT (regional yield trial).

Fig. 1

‘Sinhwangok2’: A Single Cross Maize Hybrid for Early-Maturing Grain Use

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Sinhwangok2’

Hybrid Days to silking (days) Plant height (cm) Ratioz (%) Lodging (1~9) Ear per 100 plants (No.) Ear length (cm) 100 seeds weight (g)
Sinhwangok2 72b 243a 49a 1.3a 100a 19.5a 30.8a
Jangdaok 77a 262a 49a 1.1a 94a 21.6a 30.5a

Resistance to disease of ‘Sinhwangok2’

Hybrid Disease resistance Corn borer (0~9)
Southern leaf blight (0~9) Northern leaf blight (0~9)
Sinhwangok2 MR (5.5a) R (1.0a) MR (6.2a)
Jangdaok MR (4.2a) R (1.3a) MR (5.5a)

Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2014 to 2015 in Suwon, NICS

Hybrid Grain yield (ton/ha) Index (%)
2014 2015 Mean
Sinhwangok2 11.61 7.97 9.79a 125
Jangdaok 9.09 6.59 7.84b 100

Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in regional yield trial from 2016 to 2018

Location Sinhwangok2 (ton/ha) Jangdaok (ton/ha)
2016 2017 2018 Mean 2016 2017 2018 Mean
Suwon 10.46 9.58 7.79 9.28 9.98 6.46 6.58 7.67
Hongcheon 11.58 10.34 8.57 10.16 10.66 8.25 7.71 8.87
Daegu 8.38 10.41 7.54 8.78 10.53 9.43 5.37 8.44
Mean 10.14 10.11 7.97 9.41a (113) 10.39 8.05 6.55 8.33a (100)

F1 Seed production trial of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in Yeongwol

Planting rate (♀:♂) Inbred Silking date Pollen dispersal period Ear length (cm) Fertile kernels (%) F1 seed yield (ton/ha)
4 : 1 KS214 (♀) July 13 - 14.1 91 2.36
KS215 (♂) - July 13~17 - - -
Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Sinhwangok2’

zEar height ratio=ear height/plant height×100

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 2 Resistance to disease of ‘Sinhwangok2’

R: Resistance, MR: Moderate Resistance

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 3 Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in preliminary and advanced yield trial at 2014 to 2015 in Suwon, NICS

Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 4 Grain yield of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in regional yield trial from 2016 to 2018

Values within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level

Table 5 F1 Seed production trial of ‘Sinhwangok2’ in Yeongwol

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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