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소분지 대립 다수성 땅콩 신품종 ‘화선’

A Large Grain and High-Yielding Peanut Cultivar ‘Huaseon’

Suk-Bok Pae1,*, Myoung-Hee Lee1, Sung-Up Kim1, Chung-Dong Hwang1, Ki-Won Oh1, Byung-Kyu Lee2, Choon-Ki Lee3, Chang-Hwan Park3, In-Youl Baek2
The Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2016;48(3):286-291.
Published online: August 31, 2016

1 국립식량과학원 남부작물부,

1 Department of Southern Area Crop Science, NICS, RDA, Milyang 50424, Korea

2 국립식량과학원,

2 National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea

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*Corresponding author (paesb@korea.kr, +82-55-350-1215, +82-353-3050)
• Received: April 5, 2016   • Accepted: July 13, 2016

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’ (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang 2013. This was developed from the cross between ‘Iksan 31’ with Virginia typed short stem and ‘SP9614’ with Shinpung-typed larger grain. ‘Huaseon’ which is a Shinpung plant type had 10 branches per plant and its length of main stem was 41 cm. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel. Its yield components showed 45 pods per plant, 84 g of 100-seed-weight and 79% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials (RYT). Seed quality showed 47.3% of crude oil and 27.6% of protein content. This variety showed resistant to early leaf spot and had more resistant to stem rot and lodging, compared to reference variety. In the regional yield trials for 3 years ‘Huaseon’ was more productive than reference variety by 12% with 4.78 MT/ha for grain production.
땅콩(Arachis hypogaea L.)은 기름함량이 약 50%인 유지작물 이나, 25%의 단백질과 각종비타민과 무기성분을 다량 함유하여 영양면에서도 우수하다(Pattee & Stalker 1995).
국산땅콩의 소비 형태는 삶아 먹는 풋땅콩과 볶아 먹는 종실땅 콩 등 대부분 간식용으로 소비 되고 있으며 그 외 제과 제빵 등 가공용으로 소비가 늘어 나고 있다(Lee et al. 1987, Lee et al. 1989, Park et al. 1995). 최근에는 소득이 비교적 양호한 풋땅콩 생산을 위해 대규모 농가가 풋땅콩 출하에 참여 하고 있으며 소비도 영남지역 중심에서 전국으로 확산하고 있다. 꽃이 핀 후 80 일경에 수확하며 소비는 8월에서 10월까지 집중된다 (Pae et al. 2007, Pae et al. 2015).
열대원산인 땅콩의 재배 북한계기에 속하는 우리나라는 기상 과 소비자 기호에 맞는 조숙 대립 다수성 땅콩을 위주로 품종개발 에 힘써 가지 수가 적고 초기 개화수가 많은 신풍초형 품종들을 개발해 왔다(Lee et al. 1986). 비닐피복 재배를 통하여 파종기를 앞당기게 됨으로써 재배지역을 넓히고 단위 면적당 수량을 높이 는 재배법을 개발하였다(Lee et al. 1983, Lee et al. 1986, Lee et al. 1989). 또한 작부체계에 알맞은 땅콩 품종개발 및 노력이 많은 수확작업의 생력기계화도 보고 되고 있다(Kim et al. 1990, Pae et al. 2002, Pae et al. 2007). 최근 기름의 산화안정이 우수한 고 올레산 땅콩, 안토시아닌을 함유한 검정땅콩, 레스베 라트롤(resveratrol) 함량이 높은 땅콩 싹나물 개발(Yang et al. 2010, Pae et al. 2011)등 기능성 성분이 강화된 땅콩을 육성하여 소비자기호에 부응하는 땅콩육종을 하고 있다.
국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서 땅콩연구를 전담하게 되어 그 동안 대립 다수성 땅콩 품종을 육성하기 위하여 노력하였다. 그 결과 초형을 단경화 하여 도복에 강하고 기계화에 유리한 품종 ‘상평’, ‘풍안’, ‘상안’ 등을 육성하였으며(Pae et al. 2009, Pae et al. 2015), 이번에는 신풍초형으로서 분지수가 적고 경장 이 짧은 신품종 ‘화선’을 육성하게 되었기에 이 품종의 육성경위 와 주요특성을 요약 보고하는 바이다.
재배 방법
신품종 ‘화선’(밀양50호)의 특성 및 수량검정 시험은 2011부 터 2013까지 3년간 4개 지역(청원, 익산, 대구, 밀양)에서 지역적 응시험을 수행하여 표준품종 ‘대광’땅콩과 3반복으로 비교 검토 하였다(RDA 2013). 시비량은 ha당 N-P2O5-K2O로서 30-100-100 kg을, 석회와 퇴비는 각각 1 ton과 10 ton을 전량기 비로 시용하였다. 재식거리는 조간거리 40 cm, 휴간거리 60 cm, 주간거리는 25 cm로서 1휴 2열 재배방식으로 ha당 80,000 주로 하였다. 비닐피복은 흑색유공비닐을 이용하였으며 규격은 폭 110 cm, 두께 0.015 mm, 구멍크기 5 cm였다. 파종기는 전 시험지에서 4월 30일로 2립씩 파종하여 출현 후 솎음 작업으 로 1주1본으로 재배하였다.
생육 및 내재해 조사
주경장, 분지장 및 분지수 등 생육조사는 각 시험구에서 고유 특성이 잘 나타나는 균일지역을 선정하여 10주씩 조사하였다. 수확시기는 개화 후 105 일경에 각 시험구당 6 m2씩 굴취하여 햇볕에 충분히 풍건한 다음 협의 그물무늬가 뚜렷하고 상품가치 가 높은 것을 성숙협으로 간주하여 종실수량 및 수량구성요소를 조사하였다. 병해는 낙엽병류인 갈반병, 흑반병, 그물무늬병에 대하여 성숙기와 수확기 등 2회의 병반면적율을 조사하여 평균 하였고, 충해는 수확기 담배거세미 등에 의한 잎 피해율로 조사하 였다. 그 외 생육 및 수량특성 등 지역적응시험 조사 방법은 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준에 준하여 실시하 였다(RDA 2011).
이화학 분석
땅콩 종실의 주요성분 분석으로 지방은 종실 분말시료 2g을 hexane 용매로 지방추출기(B-811, Buchi, Switzerland)에서 30 회 추출 후 측정하였다. 지방산 분석은 전처리로서 기름 150μl과 시약(MEoh:H2SO4:Toluene=20:1:10) 5ml를 가하여 1시간 중 탕을 통하여 지방의 methyl ester로 변환시킨 후 GC(7890A, Agilent, USA)를 이용해 분석하였다. GC column은 HP-FFAP capillary, 온도는 150-230°C, carrier gas는 N2 등 분석조건으로 수행하였다. 단백질은 시료 1g을 자동 Kjeldahl(rapip N cube, Elementar, Germany)기기로 분석하였다. 그 외 조사는 일반 분석방법(Kim et al. 1990)으로 하였다.
육성경위
‘화선’은 국내 생산자와 소비자 선호도가 높은 간식용 땅콩을 육성코자 단경 내재해 대립 다수성 품종 육성에 목표를 두고 선발 육성된 신품종으로 다분지 단경 계통인‘익산31호’를 모본 으로 소분지 대립 계통인 ‘SP9614’를 부본으로 2003년 인공교 배 후 계통육성 과정을 거쳐 선발되었다. 2009년부터 2년간 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2011부터 3년간 ‘밀양50호’의 계통명으 로 지역적응시험(2011~2013년, RDA)을 실시하였다(Fig. 1). 그 결과 ‘밀양50호’는 소분지 직립 대립 다수성으로 그 우수성이 인정되어 2013년 12월 농촌진흥청 신품종선정위원회에서 신품 종으로 선정하고 ‘화선’으로 명명하였다.
Fig. 1.
Pedigree diagram of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
KJBS-48-3-286_F1.gif
고유특성
‘화선’의 고유 특성은 대비 품종인 ‘대광’ 땅콩과 같이 분지수 가 적은 신풍 초형으로 주경과 분지에서 착협한다. 협당립수는 2립이고, 소엽의 크기는 중간 정도이며, 종피색은 갈색이며, 종실 형태는 장타원형이며 대립종에 속한다(Table 1).
Table 1.
Inherent characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 1.
Variety Plant type Pod setting Leaf color Seeds/pot Leaf size Seed shape Testa color
Huaseon Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Long ellipse Brown
Daekwang Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Ellipse Brown
일반특성
지상부 생육특성으로 ‘화선’의 개화기는 6월 8일로서 ‘대광’ 보다 1일 늦으며, 주경장은 41 cm, 분지장은 50cm로서 ‘대광’땅 콩에 비해 각각 13cm, 19cm 더 짧고, 분지수가 10개인 소분지 초형 특성을 나타낸다(Table 2).
Table 2.
Agronomic characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 2.
Variety Flowering date Main stem height(cm) Branch length(cmn) No. of branch/plant
Huaseon June 8 41±5.02 50±7.22 10±1.68
Daekwang June 7 54±4.73 69±8.39 11±1.74
지하부 특성으로 ‘화선’은 주당 성숙협수가 45개, 협당립수가 1.65개, 100립중이 84g으로 ‘대광’땅콩에 비해 수량구성요소 면에서 우수하며, 협실비율이 79%나 되는 박피 대립종이다 (Table 3).
Table 3.
Pod and seed characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 3.
Variety No. of pods/plant Matured pods(%) Shelling ratio (%) Matured grains(%) Wt. of 100 seed (g) Seeds/pod
Huaseon 45±6.74 85±4.37 79±1.30 96±1.56 84±5.12 1.65±0.32
Daekwang 43±5.32 83±2.68 75±1.10 96±1.74 81±3.86 1.61±0.27
내재해성
포장조건에서 3년간 달관 조사한 결과 ‘화선’의 주요 병해로서 낙엽병류인 갈반병(Cercospora arachidicola)은 ‘대광’과 같이 포장 저항성을 보였고 흑반병(Cercospodium personatum)과 그 물무늬병(Phoma arachidicola) 저항성은 같거나 약간 낮은 수준 이며, 생육후기에 발생하여 포기째 고사하는 흰비단병 (Sclerotium. rolfsii)에는 다소 강한 편이다. ‘화선’의 도복 저항성 은 ‘대광’에 비해 다소 양호한 것으로 보이며 문제가 되는 담배거 세미등에 대한 충해저항성은 같은 수준이다(Table 4).
Table 4.
Resistance to major disease, insect and lodging of ‘Huaseon’.
Table 4.
Variety Disease degree (0~9)z
 Insect damage (0~9) y Lodging (0~9) x
C. arachidicola C. personatum P. arachidicola S. rolfsii
Huaseon Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Long ellipse
Daekwang Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Ellipse

z0; None, 1; 0.1~10%, 3; 10.1~20%, 5; 20.1~30%, 7; 30.1~50%, 9; over 50.1%.

y0; None, 1; 0.1~2%, 3; 20.1~5%, 5; 5.1~10%, 7; 10.1~30%, 9; over 30.1%.

x0; None, 1; under 5%, 3; 10~20%, 5; 30~40%, 7; 50~60%, 9; over 70%.

품질특성
‘화선’땅콩의 종실 조단백 함량은 27.6%로서 ‘대광’에 비해 1.2% 낮은 수준이고, 조지방은 47.3%로서 2.2% 더 낮은 특성을 보이고 있다. 지방산 조성면에서 양질불포화 지방산인 올레산은 41.8%로서 ‘대광’에 비해 18.1% 낮으나, 리놀산이 38.9%로서 14.9% 더 높은 특성을 나타내고 있다(Table 5).
Table 5.
Resistance to major disease, insect and lodging of ‘Huaseon’.
Table 5.
Variety Protein (%) Oil (%) Fatty acid compositionz (%)
Pal. Ste. Ole. Lin. Ara. Eic. Beh.
Huaseon 27.6 47.3 11.5 5.1 41.8 38.9 1.1 1.3 0.4
Daekwang 28.8 49.5 8.2 3.4 59.9 24.0 1.2 1.2 2.3
LSD (5%) 1.13 1.62 0.70 0.25 8.97 8.08 0.22 0.61 0.69

zPal.; Palmitic acid, Ste.; Stearic acid, Ole.; Oleic acid, Lin.; Linoleic acid, Ara.; Arachidic acid Eic.; Eicosenoic acid, Beh.; Behenic acid.

수량성
2009년부터 2010년까지 2개년간 실시한 생산력검정시험 결 과 ‘화선’의 ha당 평균 종실수량은 4.93ton으로 ‘대광’품종 대비 27%증수되었다(Table 6).
Table 6.
Preliminary yield trials of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 6.
Variety Grain yield (MT/Ha)
 Index
2009 2010 Mean 2009 2010 Mean
Huaseon 4.46 5.40 4.93 119 134 127
Daekwang 3.74 4.02 3.88 100 100 100
2011년부터 2013년까지 3개년간 전국 4개 지역에서 실시된 지역적응시험 결과 전국 고른 증수를 보여 ‘화선’의 ha당 평균 수량성은 4.78ton으로 ‘대광’품종 대비 12% 높았다. 증수요인으 로는 ‘화선’이 직립 단경 초형으로 개량됨에 따라 ‘대광’과 같이 성숙기 후기에 문제시 되었던 도복이 개선되어 성숙협수, 협실비 율, 협당립수, 100립중 등 수량구성요소가 양호하게 되었기 때문 으로 생각된다(Table 7).
Table 7.
Grain yield potential of ‘Huaseon’ in regional yield trial for 3 years.
Table 7.
Location Huaseon(MT/ha, A)
 Index (A/B) Daekwang(MT/ha, B)
2011 2012 2013 Mean 2011 2012 2013 Mean
Milyang 3.81 4.48 4.84 4.38 107 4.18 4.18 3.91 4.09
Cheongwon 4.27 5.30 4.40 4.66 108 3.63 4.99 4.32 4.31
Iksan 4.89 5.71 4.42 5.01 120 4.09 4.38 4.09 4.19
Daegu 4.39 5.37 5.42 5.06 114 4.06 4.24 5.02 4.44
Mean 4.34 5.22 4.77 4.78z 112 3.99 4.45 3.34 4.26
T0.01=4.7018z

zIt means significantly different between cultivars at 1% level [4.7018**>t(0.01, 11)=2.718].

적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘화선’의 적응지역은 대립종의 재배특성상 높은 온도가 필요 하므로 적산온도 3,300°C 이하 지역인 경기북부와 강원도 산간 지를 제외한 전국 땅콩 재배지이다. 재배상 유의점으로는 대립종 의 특성상 초기의 생육과 개화수를 충분히 확보하고 성숙기의 적습을 통하여 자방병 지하침투와 착과성을 원활히 하며, 병해 및 충해(특히 굼벵이) 방제를 철저히 하여 등숙성을 좋게 하여야 수량 특성을 잘 발휘할 수 있다. (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2.
A new peanut cultivar ‘Huaseong’.
KJBS-48-3-286_F2.gif
간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 단경 대립 다수성 신품종 육성을 위하여 단경 다수성인 ‘익산 31호'와 소분지 직립 인 ‘SP9614’을 인공교배하여 육성한 ‘화선’의 주요 특성을 요약 하면 다음과 같다. ‘화선’은 신풍 초형으로 개화기가 ‘대광’에 비해 1일 늦으나 지상부 생장습성은 직립 단경 소분지성이다. ‘화선’은 주당 성숙협수는 45개이며 ‘대광’ 땅콩에 비해 2개 더 많으며, 협실비율(79%), 협당립수(1.65개), 100립중(84g)등 수량구성요소가 양호하며 성숙특성이 우수한 대립 박피 다협성 이다. 병해저항성으로 갈반병은 ‘대광’과 같이 포장저항성이 있으며 흰비단병은 ‘대광’ 보다 양호한 수준이다. ‘화선’은 단백 질이 27.6%, 기름함량이 47.3%이고 지방산비율은 양질지방산 인 올레산이 41.8%, 리놀산이 38.9%인 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘화선’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 전국 평균 4.78ton로서 대광 땅콩에 비하여 12% 증수되었다. ‘화선’은 직립성 소분지 초형으 로 생육후기 병해인 흑반병과 그물무늬병 방제가 중요하며 충분 한 성숙을 위하여 경기북부와 강원도 산간 고랭지를 제외한 이남 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.
품종등록 번호: 제5721호
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 시험연구사업(세부과제명: 땅콩 고품 질 다수확 신품종 개발, 과제번호 : PJ01015901)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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A Large Grain and High-Yielding Peanut Cultivar ‘Huaseon’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2016;48(3):286-291.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2016.48.3.286
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A Large Grain and High-Yielding Peanut Cultivar ‘Huaseon’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2016;48(3):286-291.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2016.48.3.286
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A Large Grain and High-Yielding Peanut Cultivar ‘Huaseon’
Image Image
Fig. 1. Pedigree diagram of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Fig. 2. A new peanut cultivar ‘Huaseong’.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

A Large Grain and High-Yielding Peanut Cultivar ‘Huaseon’

Inherent characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.

Variety Plant type Pod setting Leaf color Seeds/pot Leaf size Seed shape Testa color
Huaseon Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Long ellipse Brown
Daekwang Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Ellipse Brown

Agronomic characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.

Variety Flowering date Main stem height(cm) Branch length(cmn) No. of branch/plant
Huaseon June 8 41±5.02 50±7.22 10±1.68
Daekwang June 7 54±4.73 69±8.39 11±1.74

Pod and seed characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.

Variety No. of pods/plant Matured pods(%) Shelling ratio (%) Matured grains(%) Wt. of 100 seed (g) Seeds/pod
Huaseon 45±6.74 85±4.37 79±1.30 96±1.56 84±5.12 1.65±0.32
Daekwang 43±5.32 83±2.68 75±1.10 96±1.74 81±3.86 1.61±0.27

Resistance to major disease, insect and lodging of ‘Huaseon’.

Variety Disease degree (0~9)z
 Insect damage (0~9) y Lodging (0~9) x
C. arachidicola C. personatum P. arachidicola S. rolfsii
Huaseon Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Long ellipse
Daekwang Shinpung Main stem & Branch Green 2 Medium Ellipse

0; None, 1; 0.1~10%, 3; 10.1~20%, 5; 20.1~30%, 7; 30.1~50%, 9; over 50.1%.

0; None, 1; 0.1~2%, 3; 20.1~5%, 5; 5.1~10%, 7; 10.1~30%, 9; over 30.1%.

0; None, 1; under 5%, 3; 10~20%, 5; 30~40%, 7; 50~60%, 9; over 70%.

Resistance to major disease, insect and lodging of ‘Huaseon’.

Variety Protein (%) Oil (%) Fatty acid compositionz (%)
Pal. Ste. Ole. Lin. Ara. Eic. Beh.
Huaseon 27.6 47.3 11.5 5.1 41.8 38.9 1.1 1.3 0.4
Daekwang 28.8 49.5 8.2 3.4 59.9 24.0 1.2 1.2 2.3
LSD (5%) 1.13 1.62 0.70 0.25 8.97 8.08 0.22 0.61 0.69

Pal.; Palmitic acid, Ste.; Stearic acid, Ole.; Oleic acid, Lin.; Linoleic acid, Ara.; Arachidic acid Eic.; Eicosenoic acid, Beh.; Behenic acid.

Preliminary yield trials of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.

Variety Grain yield (MT/Ha)
 Index
2009 2010 Mean 2009 2010 Mean
Huaseon 4.46 5.40 4.93 119 134 127
Daekwang 3.74 4.02 3.88 100 100 100

Grain yield potential of ‘Huaseon’ in regional yield trial for 3 years.

Location Huaseon(MT/ha, A)
 Index (A/B) Daekwang(MT/ha, B)
2011 2012 2013 Mean 2011 2012 2013 Mean
Milyang 3.81 4.48 4.84 4.38 107 4.18 4.18 3.91 4.09
Cheongwon 4.27 5.30 4.40 4.66 108 3.63 4.99 4.32 4.31
Iksan 4.89 5.71 4.42 5.01 120 4.09 4.38 4.09 4.19
Daegu 4.39 5.37 5.42 5.06 114 4.06 4.24 5.02 4.44
Mean 4.34 5.22 4.77 4.78z 112 3.99 4.45 3.34 4.26
T0.01=4.7018z

It means significantly different between cultivars at 1% level [4.7018**>t(0.01, 11)=2.718].

Table 1. Inherent characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 2. Agronomic characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 3. Pod and seed characteristics of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 4. Resistance to major disease, insect and lodging of ‘Huaseon’.

0; None, 1; 0.1~10%, 3; 10.1~20%, 5; 20.1~30%, 7; 30.1~50%, 9; over 50.1%.

0; None, 1; 0.1~2%, 3; 20.1~5%, 5; 5.1~10%, 7; 10.1~30%, 9; over 30.1%.

0; None, 1; under 5%, 3; 10~20%, 5; 30~40%, 7; 50~60%, 9; over 70%.

Table 5. Resistance to major disease, insect and lodging of ‘Huaseon’.

Pal.; Palmitic acid, Ste.; Stearic acid, Ole.; Oleic acid, Lin.; Linoleic acid, Ara.; Arachidic acid Eic.; Eicosenoic acid, Beh.; Behenic acid.

Table 6. Preliminary yield trials of a new peanut variety ‘Huaseon’.
Table 7. Grain yield potential of ‘Huaseon’ in regional yield trial for 3 years.

It means significantly different between cultivars at 1% level [4.7018**>t(0.01, 11)=2.718].

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

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