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리그난 함량이 높고 항산화 활성이 우수한 내탈립 참깨 ‘슈퍼하니’

이정은1,*, 김성업1, 김정인1, 김상우1, 이은수1, 이명희1, 오은영2, 김민영3

High Lignan, Antioxidant-rich, and Non-shattering Sesame Cultivar ‘SuperHani’

Jeongeun Lee1,*, SungUp Kim1, Jung In Kim1, Sang Woo Kim1, Eunsoo Lee1, Myoung Hee Lee1, Eunyoung Oh2, Min Young Kim3
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2025;57(4):513-520.
Published online: December 1, 2025

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 밭작물개발부

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 소득식량작물연구센터

3농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 식품자원개발부

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*Corresponding to Jeongeun LeeTEL. +82-55-350-1226E-mail. jel6418@korea.kr
• Received: August 22, 2025   • Revised: September 30, 2025   • Accepted: October 3, 2025

Copyright © 2025 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘SuperHani’ is a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivar characterized by high lignan content and a non-shattering trait. It was developed in 2022 through a cross between ‘Suwon195’ and ‘YCS71’. This cultivar has a highly branched triple-capsule growth type, with 117 capsules per plant and a 1,000-seed weight of 2.0 g. Field evaluations revealed non-shattering traits, with seeds not falling even after the capsules were split open, indicating suitability for mechanical harvesting. Seed quality analyses demonstrated a total lignan content of 14.8 mg/g, with total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities being significantly higher than those of the control. In regional adaptability trials, the average yield was 120 kg/10a, approximately 90% that of ‘Geonbaek’, but this difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that ‘SuperHani’ is a mechanically harvestable cultivar that combines non-shattering traits with high levels of functional compounds. This has the potential to contribute to labor savings and the production of high-value sesame (Registration No.10316).
  • Keywords: sesame; oilseed crop; non-shattering; lignan
참깨(Sesamum indicum L.)는 인류가 가장 오래전부터 재배해 온 유지작물 중 하나로, 고소한 향과 높은 기름 함량으로 식품 및 식용유 산업에서 널리 이용되고 있다. 종실의 약 50%는 기름 성분으로 구성되며, 특히 참깨에는 고리 구조의 리그난류(lignan compounds)가 풍부하게 존재하여 건강 기능성과 산업적 가치를 더욱 부각시킨다. 리그난 성분인 세사민(sesamin), 세사몰린(sesamolin)은 강력한 항산화 작용, 혈압조절, 간 보호, 항염 및 항암 작용 등 다양한 생리활성을 갖고 있어 기능성 식품 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높다(Langhyan et al. 2022). 이에 따라 최근에는 기름 함량뿐만 아니라 리그난 함량을 동시에 고려한 기능성 참깨 품종 개발이 중요한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 국내에서는 리그난 함량이 높고 항산화 물질이 많은 ‘밀양74호’가 개발되어 식물특허로 출원되었으며(Kim et al. 2020), 기존 품종 대비 간세포의 산화 스트레스 억제 효과가 우수한 것으로 보고되었다(Kim et al. 2022).
참깨는 이와 같이 고부가가치가 높은 작물이지만, 생육 후기 종자 탈립으로 인한 수확 손실이 크고, 병해충 및 기상 스트레스에 대한 저항성이 낮아 재배 안정성과 수확량 확보에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 특히 종자 탈립은 기계수확 시 손실을 유발하기 때문에 수확 작업 효율성과 밀접하게 연관되며, 실제 국내 참깨 수확 기계화율은 12.2%에 불과하다(KOSIS 2023).
최근 쌀 과잉 문제 해결을 위한 논 타작물 재배 정책이 본격적으로 추진되면서, 참깨는 논 전환 작목으로 주목받고 있으며 2025년부터 정책 대상 작목으로 포함되었다. 따라서 논에서의 대규모 재배를 위해서는 종자의 탈립이 안되어 기계수확이 가능한 내탈립 품종 개발이 필요하다.
지금까지는 병해에 강하고 수량성이 높은 ‘건백’(Kim et al. 2018), 기름 함량이 높은 ‘강유’(Kim et al. 2023) 등의 품종이 개발되었으나, 기계수확에 적합하면서 고기능성을 갖춘 품종 개발은 미흡한 실정이다. 최근에는 내탈립 품종인 ‘하니올’이 개발되어 보급되고 있으나, 이제는 단일 형질 중심의 품종 개발을 넘어, 내탈립성, 기계수확 적응성, 리그난 함량 등 다양한 형질을 고려하는 통합적으로 고려하는 육종 목표로 전환해야 한다.
이에 국립식량과학원에서는 높은 리그난 함량과 내탈립성을 동시에 갖춘 참깨 품종 ‘슈퍼하니’를 개발하였으며, 육성 경위와 품종의 주요 농업적 형질을 보고하고자 한다.
생산력검정 및 지역적응시험
‘슈퍼하니’의 생육과 수량성 평가를 위해 2019년 생산력검정시험(AYT, Advanced Yield Trial)을 수행하였고, 2020년부터 2022년까지 밀양, 수원, 청주, 안동, 나주 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험(RYT, Regional Yield Trial)을 수행하였다. 시험구 크기는 11 m2, 재식거리는 30×15 cm, 1주 1본으로 재배하였으며 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준에 따라 개화기, 성숙기, 경장, 착삭부위장, 주당삭수, 천립중 등 생육 특성과 수량성을 조사하였다.
내탈립 및 내도복성 검정
내탈립성 검정을 위해 포장에서 식물체 최하위 꼬투리 3개 이상 익었을 때 줄기를 손으로 흔들어 꼬투리 내 종자의 소리 유무와 종자의 떨어짐 정도를 평가하였다(Langham 2007). 내도복성 검정은 성숙기에 45˚이상 기울어진 개체의 비율을 조사하여 지수로 평가(1: 5%이하, 3: 6~10%, 5: 11~50%, 7: 51~75%, 9: 76% 이상)하였다.
내병성 검정
역병과 시들음병은 수확 이전 병해가 가장 심할 때 발병주율을, 잎마름병은 병반면적율을 조사하여 0~9 지수로 평가하였다. 평가기준은 역병 발병주율 0: 무발병, 1: 5% 이하, 3: 5~15%, 5: 15~25%, 7: 25~50%, 9: 50% 이상, 시들음병 발병주율 0: 무발병, 1: 5% 이하, 3: 5~10%, 5: 10~20%, 7: 20~30%, 9: 30% 이상, 잎마름병은 병반면적율 0: 무발병, 1: 10% 이하, 3: 10~30%, 5: 30~50%, 7: 50~80%, 9: 80% 이상이다. 역병 저항성을 평가하기 위해 생물검정법을 수행하였으며(Oh et al. 2018), 접종원으로는 Phytophthora nicotianae KACC48121 균주를 사용하였다. 참깨 제1본엽기에 지제부에 유주자 현탁액을 1×104 zoospore/mL 농도로 5 mL를 접종하였으며, 접종 10일 후 저항성 및 감수성으로 평가하였다.
품질 분석
지방 함량은 분쇄시료 2.0 g을 자동유지추출장치(Buchi B-811, Switzerland)를 사용하여 n-hexane으로 추출한 후 수분 보정 값으로 환산하였다. 지방산 조정은 추출된 지방을 메틸화한 후에 가스크로마토그래피(Agilent 7890A, USA)로 분석하였다. 리그난 함량은 분쇄시료 1.0 g을 메탄올 용매로 상온에서 24시간 교반 추출한 후 필터로 여과하여 고성능 액체크로마토그래피(Agilent 1100, USA)로 분석하였다. 단백질 함량은 질소분석기(US/RapidN111, Germany)를 이용하여 분석하였다.
통계 분석
통계 분석은 SAS program version 9.4 (SAS Institute 2009)를 이용하여 분석하였다.
육성경위
‘슈퍼하니’는 2016년에 내탈립성이 강하고 3과성인 ‘수원195호’를 모본으로, 리그난 함량이 높고 1과성 다분지 초형인 ‘YCS71’을 부본으로 하여 인공교배를 수행하였다. 이후 온실에서 F4 세대까지 세대진전을 수행한 후 F5 계통을 시험포장에 전개하여 내탈립성을 평가하였으며, F6 세대 종자의 리그난 함량을 분석하여 리그난 함량이 높으면서 내탈립성을 보이는 개체를 선발하였다. 2019년에는 생산력검정시험을 통해 수량성과 농업적 특성을 평가하여 유망계통을 선발하고 ‘밀양73호’로 명명하였다. 2020년부터 2022년까지 3년간 밀양, 수원, 청주, 안동, 나주 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과, 내탈립성이 우수하고 리그난 및 지방산 함량이 높았다. 이에 2023년도 농촌진흥청 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정되어 ‘슈퍼하니’로 명명하였다(Fig. 1).
고유특성 및 생육 특성
‘슈퍼하니’는 무한개화형 다분지 초형이며, 꽃색은 분홍색, 종피색은 흰색이다. 대조품종인 ‘건백’은 분지 발생이 적은 소분지 초형이며 꽃색은 희다. ‘슈퍼하니’는 주경의 마디 양쪽으로 꼬투리가 3개씩 달리는 3과성이며, 꼬투리는 2실 4방 형태를 나타낸다(Table 1, Fig. 2). ‘슈퍼하니’의 평균 개화기는 7월 4일로 대조품종인 ‘건백’보다 3일 늦고, 성숙기는 8월 18일로 ‘건백’과 동일하다. 경장은 155 cm로 ‘건백’보다 유의하게 작으나, 분지수는 4개로 ‘건백’보다 많다. 평균 주당 꼬투리 수는 117개로 ‘건백’보다 12개 많고, 천립중은 2.0 g으로 ‘건백’보다 유의하게 낮다(Table 2).
내탈립⋅내도복 및 내병성
‘슈퍼하니’는 태좌부착성이 강하여 꼬투리가 벌어져도 종자가 떨어지지 않는 내탈립 특성을 나타내며, 기계 수확 시 종자 손실을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 도복저항성은 대조품종인 ‘건백’과 비슷하며, 역병 병원균 인공접종 시에는 감수성을 보이나, 포장에서 시들음병은 ‘건백’보다 강하며, 흰가루병은 다소 약하며, 생육 후기 잎마름병에는 ‘건백’과 비슷한 수준이다(Table 3). 참깨의 내탈립성은 성숙기 이후에도 꼬투리가 벌어지지 않는 비개열성 유형과 꼬투리가 벌어지더라도 종자가 태좌에 강하게 부착되어 탈립이 되지 않는 태좌접착성 유형으로 구분되며(Kefale & Wang 2022), ‘슈퍼하니’는 후자에 해당한다. 태좌접착성 내탈립은 최근 SiHCE3 유전자의 열성 발현과 관련된 것으로 보고되었으며, 이 유전자는 주로 발달 중이 태좌 조직에서 발현되며, 개화 후 45일 시점에 꼬투리 내에서 발현이 가장 높게 나타난다(Ju et al. 2024). ‘슈퍼하니’의 내탈립 특성도 유사한 표현형을 보이지만, 해당 유전자와의 직접적인 연관성은 아직 확인되지 않았으며, 추후 연구가 더 필요하다.
품질특성
‘슈퍼하니’의 품질분석 결과, 조단백질 함량은 25.3%, 조지방 함량은 53.0%이다. 전체 지방산 중 불포화지방산인 올레산(Oleic acid, C18:1)이 41.2%, 리놀레산(Linoleic acid, C18:2)이 45.3%로 대조품종인 ‘건백’과 비교할 때 통계적 유의성은 없다. 세사민 함량은 10.5 mg/g, 세사몰린 함량은 4.3 mg/g으로 총 리그난 함량은 14.8 mg/g이며 ‘건백’ 대비 약 3.4배 높은 함량을 보인다(Table 4). 참깨에서 세사민은 SiCYP81Q1 유전자에 의해 암호화된 사이토크롬 P450 효소의 작용으로 합성되며(Ono et al. 2006), 세사몰린은 SiCYP92B14의 산화반응을 통해 생산되는 것으로 보고되었다(Murata et al. 2017). 이러한 생합성 경로를 고려할 때, ‘슈퍼하니’의 높은 리그난 함량 또한 이들 유전자의 기능과 관련이 있을 가능성이 있다. ‘슈퍼하니’의 항산화 성분은 총 폴리페놀 함량이 2,390 μgGAE/g으로 ‘건백’ 대비 61.5% 높고, 플라보노이드 함량은 1,040 μgCE/g으로 ‘건백’ 대비 76.3% 높다. 이러한 높은 항산화 성분 함량은 ABTS 및 DPPH 라디컬 소거능 분석에서도 확인할 수 있으며, 두 지표 모두 ‘슈퍼하니’가 ‘건백’보다 유의하게 높은 항산화 활성을 보인다(Table 5).
수량성
‘슈퍼하니’는 2019년 생산력검정시험 결과 수량이 103 kg/10a로 건백 대비 90% 수준이나, 내탈립에 강하고 리그난 함량이 높아 지역적응시험 계통으로 공시하였다(Table 6). 2020년부터 2022년까지 3년 동안 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행한 결과 2021년과 2022년 2개년 평균 수량은 120 kg/10a으로 ‘건백’(133 kg/10a) 대비 90% 수준이나 통계적 유의성은 없다(Table 7). 2020년에는 50일 이상 장마가 지속되고 일조량이 매우 적어 정상적인 수량 평가가 어려워 분석에서 제외하였다. ‘슈퍼하니’의 수량은 대조품종 대비 다소 낮은 수준이나, 내탈립성과 높은 리그난 함량은 이러한 수량 차이를 상쇄할 수 있는 경제적 가치를 제공한다. 일반적으로 참깨 재배에서 탈립 현상은 수량을 최대 50%까지 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 보고되어 있으며(Ahmed et al. 2023), ‘슈퍼하니’의 내탈립 특성은 수확 시 손실을 최소화하여 실질적인 수확량을 증대시킬 수 있다. 또한 ‘슈퍼하니’는 리그난 함량이 높아 기능성 참깨로서 프리미엄 가격 형성이 가능하며, 이는 단위면적당 조수입 증대로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 ‘슈퍼하니’는 포장 수량 자체는 다소 낮지만, 내탈립성에 의한 실수확량 증대 효과와 고리그난 함량에 따른 가격 프리미엄을 종합적으로 고려할 때 전체적인 경제성은 우수할 것으로 판단된다.
재배상의 유의점
‘슈퍼하니’는 역병 생물검정 결과 감수성이므로 연작지나 발병 상습지에서는 재배를 지양해야 하며, 장마 기간 전후로 방제를 철저히 해야 한다. 또한 식물체 수분함량이 7% 이하로 떨어질 때 콤바인 수확에 어려움이 있으므로 주의해야 한다. 특히 논 재배 시 배수로를 확보하여 물 빠짐이 충분하도록 관리해야 한다.
‘슈퍼하니’는 2016년 내탈립성이 강한 ‘수원195호’를 모본으로, 리그난 함량이 높은 ‘YCS71’을 부본으로 교배하여 육성된 품종이다. 2019년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 ‘밀양73호’로 계통명을 부여하였으며, 2020~2022년 3년간 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행한 후 2023년 신품종으로 선정되었다. ‘슈퍼하니’는 3과성 다분지 초형으로 종피색은 희다. 개화기와 성숙기는 7월 4일, 8월 18일이며, 경장은 155 cm, 주당 꼬투리수는 117개, 천립중은 2.0 g이다. 내탈립성이 매우 강해 기계수확에 적합하며, 내도복성은 ‘건백’과 비슷하다. 수량성은 120 kg/10a로 ‘건백’ 대비 90% 수준이나 통계적으로 유의성은 없다. 품질 특성으로는 조지방 함량이 53.0%이며, 총 리그난 함량이 14.8 mg/g으로 ‘건백’에 비해 3.4배 높고, 항산화 성분도 ‘건백’에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높다. 역병 생물검정 결과 감수성이므로 연작지나 발병 상습지에서는 재배를 지양해야 한다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원의 연구개발사업(PJ01738702)의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘SuperHani’.
kjbs-57-4-513-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Morphological characteristics. (A) Plant, (B) Seeds (Left: ‘SuperHani’, Right: ‘Geonbaek’) and (C) Non-shattering capsules of ‘SuperHani’.
kjbs-57-4-513-f2.jpg
Table 1
Inherent characteristics of ‘SuperHani’.
Table 1
Variety Growth type Plant type Flower color Seed coat color Capsule bearing habit
Capsule Carpellate Loculus
SuperHani Indeterminate Multi branched Pink White 3 2 4
Geonbaek Indeterminate Few branched White White 3 2 4
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Super Hani’ in the regional yield trial from 2020 to 2022.
Table 2
Variety Flowering
date		 Maturity
date		 Height
(cm)		 First capsule height (cm) No. of
branches		 No. of
Capsules per plant		 1,000-seed weight (g)
SuperHani 7.4 8.18 155* z 66* 4* 117ns 2.0*
Geonbaek 7.1 8.18 171 60 1 105 3.0

zns indicates no significant difference at p<0.05 and * indicates significant difference at p<0.05 in the paired t-test.

Table 3
Resistance characteristics of ‘SuperHani’ evaluated from 2020 to 2022.
Table 3
Variety Capsule shattering resistance
(1-9)z 		Lodging
(1-9)y 		Phytophtora blight inoculation
(R, S)x 		Disease severity in field (0-9)w
Phytophthora blight Fusarium wilt Powdery mildew Leaf
blight
SuperHani 1 3 S 3 3 3 3
Geonbaek 9 3 R 3 5 1 3

z1-9 scale: 1=Non-shattering, 9=Shattering.

y1-9 scale: 1=resistant, 9=Susceptible.

xR=Resistant, S=Susceptible to Phytophthora nicotianae by artificial inoculation.

w0-9 scale: 0=resistant, 9=Susceptible.

Table 4
Seed quality characteristics of ‘SuperHani’ in regional yield trial at Miryang from 2020 to 2022.
Table 4
Variety Crude protein
(%)		 Crude oil
(%)		 Fatty acid composition (%)y Lignan (mg/g)
Ole. Lin. Sesamin Sesamolin Total
SuperHani 25.3ns z 53.0ns 41.2ns 45.3ns 10.5** 4.3** 14.8**
Geonbaek 25.6 52.5 41.2 44.9 2.5 1.8 4.3

zns indicates no significant difference at p<0.05 and ** indicates significant difference at p<0.01 in the paired t-test.

yOle.: oleic acid (18:1), Lin.: linoleic acid (18:2).

Table 5
Antioxidant properties of ‘SuperHani’ evaluated in Miryang, 2021.
Table 5
Variety Total polyphenol
content (μgGAE/g)		 Total flavonoid
content (μgCE/g)		 Radical scavenging activity (μgTE/g)
ABTS DPPH
SuperHani 2,390* z 1,040* 5,190* 2,980*
Geonbaek 1,480 590 3,550 2,170

z* indicates significant difference at p<0.01 in the paired t-test.

Table 6
Yield of ‘SuperHani’ in the advanced yield trials, 2019.
Table 6
Variety Yield (kg/10a) Index Lignan (mg/g)
SuperHani 103 90 11.0
Geonbaek 114 100 4.1
Table 7
Yield of ‘SuperHani’ in the regional yield trials at 5 locations.
Table 7
Location SuperHani (kg/10a, A) Geonbaek (kg/10a, B) Index
(A/B)
2021 2022 Mean 2021 2022 Mean
Miryang 109 161 135 134 157 146 92
Suwon 90 78 84 124 77 101 83
Cheongju 121 136 129 133 135 134 96
Andong 138 67 103 160 94 127 81
Naju 122 173 148 115 204 160 93
Mean 116 123 120ns z 133 133 133 90

zns indicates no significant difference at p<0.05 in the paired t-test.

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High Lignan, Antioxidant-rich, and Non-shattering Sesame Cultivar ‘SuperHani’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(4):513-520.   Published online December 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.4.513
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High Lignan, Antioxidant-rich, and Non-shattering Sesame Cultivar ‘SuperHani’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2025;57(4):513-520.   Published online December 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2025.57.4.513
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High Lignan, Antioxidant-rich, and Non-shattering Sesame Cultivar ‘SuperHani’
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘SuperHani’.
Fig. 2 Morphological characteristics. (A) Plant, (B) Seeds (Left: ‘SuperHani’, Right: ‘Geonbaek’) and (C) Non-shattering capsules of ‘SuperHani’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

High Lignan, Antioxidant-rich, and Non-shattering Sesame Cultivar ‘SuperHani’

Inherent characteristics of ‘SuperHani’.

Variety Growth type Plant type Flower color Seed coat color Capsule bearing habit
Capsule Carpellate Loculus
SuperHani Indeterminate Multi branched Pink White 3 2 4
Geonbaek Indeterminate Few branched White White 3 2 4

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Super Hani’ in the regional yield trial from 2020 to 2022.

Variety Flowering
date		 Maturity
date		 Height
(cm)		 First capsule height (cm) No. of
branches		 No. of
Capsules per plant		 1,000-seed weight (g)
SuperHani 7.4 8.18 155* z 66* 4* 117ns 2.0*
Geonbaek 7.1 8.18 171 60 1 105 3.0

Resistance characteristics of ‘SuperHani’ evaluated from 2020 to 2022.

Variety Capsule shattering resistance
(1-9)z		 Lodging
(1-9)y		 Phytophtora blight inoculation
(R, S)x		 Disease severity in field (0-9)w
Phytophthora blight Fusarium wilt Powdery mildew Leaf
blight
SuperHani 1 3 S 3 3 3 3
Geonbaek 9 3 R 3 5 1 3

Seed quality characteristics of ‘SuperHani’ in regional yield trial at Miryang from 2020 to 2022.

Variety Crude protein
(%)		 Crude oil
(%)		 Fatty acid composition (%)y Lignan (mg/g)
Ole. Lin. Sesamin Sesamolin Total
SuperHani 25.3ns z 53.0ns 41.2ns 45.3ns 10.5** 4.3** 14.8**
Geonbaek 25.6 52.5 41.2 44.9 2.5 1.8 4.3

Antioxidant properties of ‘SuperHani’ evaluated in Miryang, 2021.

Variety Total polyphenol
content (μgGAE/g)		 Total flavonoid
content (μgCE/g)		 Radical scavenging activity (μgTE/g)
ABTS DPPH
SuperHani 2,390* z 1,040* 5,190* 2,980*
Geonbaek 1,480 590 3,550 2,170

Yield of ‘SuperHani’ in the advanced yield trials, 2019.

Variety Yield (kg/10a) Index Lignan (mg/g)
SuperHani 103 90 11.0
Geonbaek 114 100 4.1

Yield of ‘SuperHani’ in the regional yield trials at 5 locations.

Location SuperHani (kg/10a, A) Geonbaek (kg/10a, B) Index
(A/B)
2021 2022 Mean 2021 2022 Mean
Miryang 109 161 135 134 157 146 92
Suwon 90 78 84 124 77 101 83
Cheongju 121 136 129 133 135 134 96
Andong 138 67 103 160 94 127 81
Naju 122 173 148 115 204 160 93
Mean 116 123 120ns z 133 133 133 90
Table 1 Inherent characteristics of ‘SuperHani’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Super Hani’ in the regional yield trial from 2020 to 2022.

zns indicates no significant difference at p<0.05 and * indicates significant difference at p<0.05 in the paired t-test.

Table 3 Resistance characteristics of ‘SuperHani’ evaluated from 2020 to 2022.

z1-9 scale: 1=Non-shattering, 9=Shattering.

y1-9 scale: 1=resistant, 9=Susceptible.

xR=Resistant, S=Susceptible to Phytophthora nicotianae by artificial inoculation.

w0-9 scale: 0=resistant, 9=Susceptible.

Table 4 Seed quality characteristics of ‘SuperHani’ in regional yield trial at Miryang from 2020 to 2022.

zns indicates no significant difference at p<0.05 and ** indicates significant difference at p<0.01 in the paired t-test.

yOle.: oleic acid (18:1), Lin.: linoleic acid (18:2).

Table 5 Antioxidant properties of ‘SuperHani’ evaluated in Miryang, 2021.

z* indicates significant difference at p<0.01 in the paired t-test.

Table 6 Yield of ‘SuperHani’ in the advanced yield trials, 2019.
Table 7 Yield of ‘SuperHani’ in the regional yield trials at 5 locations.

zns indicates no significant difference at p<0.05 in the paired t-test.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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