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‘참동진/영호진미’ 재조합집단을 이용한 품질 관련 양적형질 유전자좌 분석

박현수*, 서정환, 이창민, 박송희, 이건미, 박재령, 정오영

Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Quality-Related Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from a Cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2024;56(4):395-415.
Published online: December 1, 2024

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물육종과

Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding to Hyun-Su ParkTEL. +82-63-238-5214E-mail. mayoe@korea.kr

Copyright © 2024 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis for Quality-Related Traits Using the Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from a Cross between “Boramchan” and “Pecos” Japonica Rice
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Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Quality-Related Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from a Cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2024;56(4):395-415.   Published online December 1, 2024
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Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Quality-Related Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from a Cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2024;56(4):395-415.   Published online December 1, 2024
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Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Quality-Related Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from a Cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Phenotypic distribution of quality-related traits in the population of 91 RILs derived from a cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’ across two years (A-T). The blue and yellow curves and dashed lines represent the density plots and mean values of CY_RIL for the years 2022 and 2023, respectively. The blue and yellow inverted triangles represent the mean values of parents for the years 2022 and 2023, respectively. CDJ: Chamdongjin, YHJM: Younghojinmi.
Fig. 2 Correlation analysis in 2022 (A), 2023 (B) and total year (C) among quality-related traits. Correlation matrix graph based on hierachical cluster order (hclust) using the argument ‘addrect=3’. PC: protein content, AC: amylose content, WT: whiteness, HR: head rice, OR: opaque rice, DR: damaged rice, BR: broken rice, CR: colored rice, CrR: cracked rice, Pat: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: breakdown, SB: setback, Toyo: glossiness, HN: hardness, TN: toughness, AN: adhesiveness, SN: stickiness.
Fig. 3 Genetic map showing the LOD scores and locations of QTLs associated with quality-related traits adjacent to GS3 (chr03: 16729501..16735109) in the population of 91 RILs derived from a cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’. A: protein content (PC), B: whiteness (WT), C: head rice (HR), D: opaque rice (OR), E: broken rice (BR), F: colored rice (CR), G: cracked rice (CrR), H: pasting temperature (Pat), I: stickiness (SN). The red curves represent LOD scores for the total years (2022 and 2023 average). The red horizontal lines and symbols indicate the positions and names of QTLs, respectively.
Fig. 4 Genetic map showing the LOD scores and locations of QTLs associated with pasting properties adjacent to qLTG3-1 (chr03: 219979..220919), OsSAC3 (chr03:17985619..17998387), OsPK8 (chr03:26526743..26530676), and OsTB1 (chr03:28428504..28430438) in the population of 91 RILs derived from a cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’. A: trough viscosity (TV), B: final viscosity (FV), C: breakdown (BD), D: setback (SB). The red curves represent LOD scores for the total years (2022 and 2023 average). The red horizontal lines and symbols indicate the positions and names of QTLs, respectively.
Fig. 5 Path analysis of causal relationship among Hd18 (H18), SD1, GS3, OsTB1 (OTB), and qLTG3-1 (qLT) alleles to explain quality-related traits. A: protein content, B: amylose content, C: whiteness, D: head rice, E: opaque rice, F: damaged rice, G: broken rice, H: colored rice, I: cracked rice. Single-headed continous arrows represent linear dependencis (direct effects) calculated as standardized regression coefficients, while double-headed arros indicate correlation coefficients between each alleles. Blue and red arrows indicate positive and negative effects, respectively. The arrow line thickness represents the proportion of the effect. NS, *, and ** indicate no significant, significant at 5 and 1% probability level, respectively.
Fig. 6 Path analysis of causal relationship among Hd18 (H18), SD1, GS3, OsTB1 (OTB), and qLTG3-1 (qLT) alleles to explain pasting propertis (A-F), glossiness (G), and texture propertis (H-I). A: pasting temperature, B: peak viscosity, C: trough viscosity, D: final viscosity, E: breakdown, F: setback, Toyo: glossiness, H: adhesiveness, I: stickiness. Single-headed continous arrows represent linear dependencis (direct effects) calculated as standardized regression coefficients, while double-headed arros indicate correlation coefficients between each alleles. Blue and red arrows indicate positive and negative effects, respectively. The arrow line thickness represents the proportion of the effect. NS, *, and ** indicate no significant, significant at 5 and 1% probability level, respectively.
Fig. 7 Principal component analysis in 2022 (A), 2023 (B) and total (C). CY_RILs were classified by by allele combinations of GS3 and qLTG3-1. Chamdongin: gs3-qLTG3-1, Younghojinmi: GS3-qltg3-1. PC: protein content, AC: amylose content, WT: whiteness, HR: head rice, OR: opaque rice, DR: damaged rice, BR: broken rice, CR: colored rice, CrR: cracked rice, Pat: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: breakdown, SB: setback, Toyo: glossiness, HN: hardness, TN: toughness, AN: adhesiveness, SN: stickiness. PC1: principal component 1, PC2: principal component 2.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Quality-Related Traits Using Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from a Cross between ‘Chamdongjin’ and ‘Younghojinmi’

QTLs associated with quality-related traits identified in the recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between ‘Chamdongin’ (P1) and ‘Younghojinmi’ (P2) in total year.

Traitz QTL name Chr.y Position
(cM)
Interval-flanking markers LODx PVEw (%) Addv Putative geneu

left right
PC qPC1-1_total 1 12 chr01_3257654 chr01_4209102 3.60 7.16 -0.10 OsPLDα1
qPC1-2_total 1 346 KJ01_109 chr01_36649551 7.75 17.59 -0.17 OsAAP6, SD1
qPC3_total 3 100 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 5.96 14.66 -0.16 GS3
AC qAC3_total 3 111 chr03_22407127 chr03_23491435 3.03 14.49 0.14 OsPK8
WT qWT3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 9.21 32.47 0.89 GS3
qWT7_total 7 106 chr07_22724630 chr07_24575395 4.67 14.81 -0.57 GW7
HR qHR3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 20.71 55.83 -1.99 GS3
qHR7_total 7 22 chr07_3108600 chr07_3190324 4.79 8.24 -0.72
OR qOR3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 7.53 20.87 0.37 GS3
BR qBR3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 21.75 61.89 1.65 GS3
CR qCR3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 9.52 21.60 0.24 GS3
qCR11_total 11 24 chr11_1080991 chr11_18687760 3.37 23.39 -0.27
CrR qCrR3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 5.12 14.97 -0.31 GS3
qCrR8_total 8 2 chr08_1282290 chr08_1670756 3.56 10.21 0.24
PaT qPaT3_total 3 99 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 5.31 26.92 -0.22 GS3
PV qPV1_total 1 12 chr01_3257654 chr01_4209102 3.90 18.96 -2.49 OsPLDα1
TV qTV3-1_total 3 0 chr03_204361 chr03_517088 6.44 21.95 -3.99 qLTG3-1
qTV3-2_total 3 153 chr03_24699522 chr03_28852757 4.47 14.89 3.25 OsPK8, OsTB1
FV qFV3-1_total 3 0 chr03_204361 chr03_517088 3.56 10.89 -3.36 qLTG3-1
qFV3-2_total 3 147 chr03_24699522 chr03_28852757 4.71 21.34 4.62 OsPK8, OsTB1
BD qBD3-1_total 3 0 chr03_204361 chr03_517088 10.35 26.64 4.95 qLTG3-1
qBD3-2_total 3 105 chr03_17092696 chr03_19143571 6.75 16.32 -3.88 OsSAC3
qBD8_total 8 34 chr08_3976061 chr08_3988029 3.81 8.30 2.74
SB qSB3_total-1 3 0 chr03_204361 chr03_517088 6.27 12.22 -3.70 qLTG3-1
qSB3_total-2 3 105 chr03_17092696 chr03_19143571 8.90 19.09 4.64 OsSAC3
qSB7_total 7 13 chr07_1611002 chr07_2277644 3.89 7.13 2.77
qSB8_total 8 34 chr08_3976061 chr08_3988029 6.67 13.22 -3.82
AN qAN1_total 1 10 chr01_2103204 chr01_2363715 4.94 16.95 1.16
qAN2_total 2 168 chr02_34635870 chr02_35088373 5.94 21.00 -1.29
qAN9_total 9 6 chr09_8913296 chr09_9431973 3.54 12.09 -0.97
SN qSN1_total 1 11 chr01_2416981 chr01_2637005 8.20 22.00 3.19
qSN2_total 2 168 chr02_34635870 chr02_35088373 5.28 13.25 -2.48
qSN3_total 3 102 chr03_14288844 chr03_16733441 4.86 12.04 2.49 GS3
qSN8_total 8 12 chr08_2479524 KJ08_009 3.25 7.68 1.89 Hd18
qSN9_total 9 8 chr09_9918781 chr09_9945591 4.16 10.04 -2.14

Effects of Hd18, SD1, GS3, OsTB1, and qLTG3-1 alleles on the phenotype of quality-related traits.

Allele typez n PCy (%) AC
(%)
WT HR
(%)
OR
(%)
DR
(%)
BR
(%)
CR
(%)
CrR
(%)
PaT
(℃)
PV
(RVU)
TV
(RVU)
FV
(RVU)
BD
(RVU)
SB
(RVU)
Toyo HN TN AN SN
Hd18 54 5.6ns 18.9ns 47.5** 88.3* 1.0ns 0.7ns 7.3ns 0.8ns 2.0* 72.1ns 228.2ns 134.0ns 220.0ns 94.2ns -8.2ns 86.1** 52.3ns 36.9ns 56.1** 73.0**
hd18 37 5.6 19.0 46.6 89.5 0.8 0.8 6.5 0.7 1.6 72.1 226.8 134.7 222.3 92.1 -4.5 87.2 52.2 37.4 54.2 68.0
SD1 63 5.5** 18.9ns 47.2ns 89.0ns 0.9ns 0.7ns 6.8ns 0.7ns 1.9ns 72.0ns 227.2ns 132.9* 219.6ns 94.3ns -7.6ns 86.8ns 51.9ns 36.9ns 55.2ns 70.7ns
sd1 28 5.8 18.9 47.0 88.4 1.0 0.8 7.3 0.8 1.8 72.1 228.5 137.3 223.9 91.2 -4.5 86.0 53.2 37.5 55.8 71.7
gs3 62 5.5** 19.0** 47.7** 87.6** 1.1** 0.8ns 8.0** 0.9** 1.7** 71.9** 226.5** 135.0ns 222.0ns 91.4** -4.5** 86.7ns 52.2ns 37.0ns 56.2** 73.1**
GS3 29 5.8 18.8 45.9 91.5 0.5 0.7 4.7 0.4 2.2 72.4 230.0 132.6 218.7 97.4 -11.3 86.1 52.5 37.4 53.6 66.5
OsTB1TGTG 53 5.7** 18.9ns 46.8** 88.7ns 0.8ns 0.7* 7.1ns 0.8ns 1.9ns 72.1ns 229.3** 137.0** 223.8** 92.3ns -5.4ns 86.6ns 52.6ns 37.1ns 54.9ns 68.9**
OsTB1 38 5.5 19.0 47.6 88.9 1.0 0.8 6.8 0.8 1.8 72.0 225.3 130.5 216.9 94.8 -8.4 86.5 51.9 37.2 55.9 73.9
qLTG3-1 33 5.6ns 18.8* 47.3ns 88.6ns 0.8ns 0.7** 7.5ns 0.7ns 1.8ns 72.1ns 229.0ns 128.4** 215.7** 100.5** -13.3** 86.0* 53.3ns 37.2ns 55.7ns 70.6ns
qltg3-1 58 5.6 19.0 47.0 88.9 1.0 0.8 6.7 0.8 1.9 72.1 226.8 137.6 223.9 89.2 -2.9 86.9 51.7 37.1 55.1 71.2

Effects of GS3 and qLTG3-1 allele combinations on the phenotype of quality-related traits.

Allele
combinationz
n PCy (%) AC
(%)
WT HR
(%)
OR
(%)
DR
(%)
BR
(%)
CR
(%)
CrR
(%)
PaT
(℃)
PV
(RVU)
TV
(RVU)
FV
(RVU)
BD
(RVU)
SB
(RVU)
Toyo HN TN AN SN
gs3-qltg3-1 38 5.5bx 19.1a 47.6a 87.3c 1.2a 0.8a 7.9a 1.0a 1.8bc 71.9b 225.3b 138.8a 225.3a 86.5d 0.0a 87.1a 51.2a 36.7a 56.0a 73.6a
gs3-qLTG3-1 24 5.5b 18.9b 47.7a 88c 0.9ab 0.7a 8.1a 0.8a 1.5c 72b 228.3ab 129b 216.6bc 99.3b -11.7b 86.1ab 53.6a 37.4a 56.4a 72.3a
GS3-qltg3-1 20 5.7ab 18.8b 45.9b 91.9a 0.5bc 0.8a 4.3c 0.4b 2ab 72.4a 229.7a 135.2a 221.2ab 94.5c -8.5b 86.4ab 52.7a 37.8a 53.4b 66.5b
GS3-qLTG3-1 9 5.9a 18.7b 46b 90.4b 0.5c 0.6b 5.6b 0.5b 2.5a 72.4a 230.8a 126.9b 213.2c 103.9a -17.5c 85.5b 52.3a 36.7a 53.9b 66.3b
Table 1 QTLs associated with quality-related traits identified in the recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between ‘Chamdongin’ (P1) and ‘Younghojinmi’ (P2) in total year.

zPC: protein content, AC: amlylose content, WT: whiteness, HR: head rice, OR: opaque rice, BR: broken rice, CR: colored rice, CrR: cracked rice, Pat: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: breakdown, SB: setback, AN: adhesiveness, SN: stickiness.

yChromosome number, xLogarithm of the odds score, wPhenotypic variation explained by the QTL.

vAdditive effect, add=(P1-P2)/2, the positive value of the additive effect indicates that the allele from Chamdongjin (P1) contributes to an increase in the trait value.

uOsPLDα1: Os01g0172400 (chr01:3724667..3728791), OsAAP6 (qPC1): Os01g0878700 (chr01:38133475..38137770), SD1: Os01g0883800 (chr01:38382385..38385469), GS3: Os03g0407400 (chr03:16729501..16735109), OsPK8: Os03g0672300 (chr03:26526743..26530676), GW7: Os07g0603300 (chr07:24664328..24669321), qLTG3-1: Os03g0103300 (chr03:219979..220919), OsTB1: Os03g0706500 (chr03:28428504..28430438), OsSAC3: Os03g0429800 (chr03:17985619..17998387), Hd18: Os08g0143400 (chr08:2385537..2389276).

Table 2 Effects of Hd18, SD1, GS3, OsTB1, and qLTG3-1 alleles on the phenotype of quality-related traits.

zChamdongin: Hd18, SD1, gs3, OsTB1TGTG, qLTG3-1, Younghojinmi: hd18, sd1, GS3, OsTB1TGTG, qltg3-1.

yPC: protein content, AC: amylose content, WT: whiteness, HR: head rice, OR: opaque rice, DR: damaged rice, BR: broken rice, CR: colored rice, CrR: cracked rice, Pat: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: breakdown, SB: setback, Toyo: glossiness, HN: hardness, TN: toughness, AN: adhesiveness, SN: stickiness.

NS, *, and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and p<0.01 by t-test, respectively.

Table 3 Effects of GS3 and qLTG3-1 allele combinations on the phenotype of quality-related traits.

zChamdongin: gs3-qLTG3-1, Younghojinmi: GS3-qltg3-1.

yPC: protein content, AC: amylose content, WT: whiteness, HR: head rice, OR: opaque rice, DR: damaged rice, BR: broken rice, CR: colored rice, CrR: cracked rice, Pat: pasting temperature, PV: peak viscosity, TV: trough viscosity, FV: final viscosity, BD: breakdown, SB: setback, Toyo: glossiness, HN: hardness, TN: toughness, AN: adhesiveness, SN: stickiness.

xMeans with same letters in a column are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT).