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New Cultivar Developed

향기 나는 배 ‘진향’ 육성

정해원1,*, 김윤경2, 원경호1, 김금선1, 신일섭1, 최진호1, 강삼석1, 서호진1, 조영식1, 강아랑3

‘Jinhyang’: A Fragrant Pear Cultivar

Haewon Jung1,*, Yoon-Keyong Kim2, Kyungho Won1, Keumsun Kim1, Il Sheob Shin1, Jinho Choi1, Sam-seog Kang1, Hojin Seo1, Young Sik Cho1, Ah Rang Kang3
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2024;56(2):161-168.
Published online: June 1, 2024

1국립원예특작과학원 배연구센터

2국립원예특작과학원 기획조정과

3농촌진흥청 국제기술협력과

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*Corresponding to Haewon JungTEL. +82-61-330-1541FAX. +82-61-330-1503E-mail. jjhhhwwww@korea.kr
• Received: March 26, 2024   • Revised: April 11, 2024   • Accepted: May 24, 2024

Copyright © 2024 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Jinhyang’ is a fragrant pear bred in 2019. Field crossings to breed fragrant pears were conducted in 1984 at the Pear Research Center of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. The maternal and paternal parents were ‘Okusankichi’ (IT254489) and ‘Hori’ (IT226291), respectively. The 84-16-5 line, which had a good fragrance, was first selected in 2007, and regional adaptation tests were conducted from 2011 to 2019 in five regions (Suwon, Chuncheon, Jinju, Yecheon, and Naju). The morphological characteristics of ‘Jinhyang’ include vigorous spreading tree form, brown-colored one-year-old shoot, elliptical leaf blade, round leaf tip, and white-colored flowers. The full bloom date was April 11, and the harvest date was in late September. The fruit of ‘Jinhyang’ weighs 439.9 g and has a soluble solid content of 13.0 °Brix, with a good sugar-acid balance and abundant juice. Analysis of the fragrance components of ‘Jinhyang’ revealed the presence of a large amount of fragrant volatile compounds compared to that of the standard cultivar ‘Niitaka’. In particular, ‘Jinhyang’ contains ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butanoate, which are known volatile compounds generated by pineapple and mango. Because of its strong uprightness, cultivation management, such as shoot bending, is necessary to maintain flower buds (Registration No. 9387).
배나무속(Pyrus)의 낙엽성 교목인 배는 유럽, 아시아와 북아프리카의 산간지역 등에 분포하고 있으며, 그 중 우리나라를 비롯한 일본과 중국에서는 주로 동양배(P. bretschneideri, P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis)가 재배되어 왔다(Hancock & Lobos 2008). 특히 남방형동양배(P. pyrifolia)에 속하는 우리나라 재배품종은 대과이면서 외관이 정형화된 고품질 과실로 인식되어 선물용, 제수용으로 주로 소비되어왔다(Jung et al. 2022). 하지만 최근 들어 맛, 다양성, 간편 섭취에 중점을 둔 일상 소비용 과실 구입이 소비 트렌드로 형성됨에 따라 ‘신고’ 위주의 대과 유통의 한계로 1인당 배 연간소비량은 2008년 이후 감소되고있다(KREI 2024).
우리나라 소비자는 배 구입 시 당도와 신선도를 중요한 기준으로 여기는데(KREI 2024), 이에 1960년대부터 교배육종을 통해 14 °Brix 이상의 고당도 배 품종을 육성하였다. 하지만 최근 들어 단순히 당도만 높을 뿐 아니라 섭취 시 달콤한 향이 나는 과일을 원하는 소비자 수요가 증가하고 있다. 식품에서 향기 성분은 고유의 품질과 기호성에 영향을 주기 때문에 식품의 맛을 높이는데 매우 중요한 요소이기 때문이다(An et al. 2015). 하지만 그동안 새롭게 육성된 품종들은 북방형 동양배(P. ussuriensis, P. bretschneideri)나 서양배(P. communis)에 비해 향기가 적어(Jin et al. 2012) 다양한 소비자의 기호도를 충족시키지 못하였다.
국립원예특작과학원 배연구센터에서는 과일 섭취시 복합적인 자극을 원하는 소비자의 요구를 충족시키기 위해 향기 성분이 비교적 많은 북방형 동양배 ‘봉리’를 부본으로 활용하여 향기가 풍부한 ‘진향(眞香)’을 육성하였다. 본 연구는 그 육성 경위와 ‘진향’의 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
육성경위
‘진향’은 수확 후에도 과실 품질이 오랫동안 유지되면서 향기가 있는 배 품종을 개발하기 위하여 만생종이면서 저장성이 강한 ‘만삼길(晩三吉, Okusankichi, IT254489)’을 모본으로, 과육에서 향이 나는 ‘봉리(鳳梨, Hori, IT226291)’를 부본으로 인공교배하여 선발한 품종이다(Fig. 1). 1984년에 100화를 교배하여 얻은 종자를 파종한 후, 1986년 실생 10주를 획득하여 국립원예특작과학원 배연구센터 육종포장에 정식하였다. 2010년에 향기 휘발성 물질을 함유하고 있는 ‘84-16-5’를 1차 선발하였으며, ‘원교나-73호’로 2011년부터 2019년까지 9년간 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 모든 지역에서 품질의 우수성이 인정되어 2019년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에 상정하여 심의를 거친 후 ‘진향’으로 명명하였다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2022년 식물신품종보호법 제54조에 따라 품종보호등록원부에 등록(품종보호 제9387호)되었다.
지역적응시험
지역적응시험(Regional adaptation test)은 2011년부터 2019년까지 9년간 경기 수원, 강원 춘천, 경남 진주, 충남 예천, 전남 나주 5개 지역에서 수행되었다. 2년생 접목묘를 재식 거리 5×3 m로 5주씩 재식하고, Y자 수형으로 관리하였다. 솎음, 유인전정을 해주었으며 착색봉지를 씌워 재배하였고 기타사항은 표준재배법에 준하여 관리하였다. 대조품종은 ‘신고(Niitaka)’를 사용하였다.
특성조사
교배실생의 수체 생육 및 과실 특성은 농촌진흥청 농사시험연구 조사기준(RDA 1995, 2003)과 배 핵심 집단 구축을 위한 유전자원 특성 조사 매뉴얼(RDA 2013)에 따라 각 지역별로 2015년부터 2019년까지 조사하였다. 그 중 일년생가지의 특성은 신초가 경화한 후 낙엽 하였을 때 조사하였다. 가용성고형물 함량은 과육을 압착하여 과즙을 채취한 후 디지털당도계(PR-1, Atago, Japan)로 측정하였다. 경도는 과실의 적도면에서 과피를 제거하고 거치대에 고정시킨 8 mmØ plunger (FT-327, Wagner, Italy)가 과육표면을 뚫고 과육 내로 5 mm가 들어갈 때까지 천천히 힘을 가하여 측정하였다. 과실의 식감, 과즙의 양은 기존의 품종들과 식미를 비교하여 테스트하였고, 검은무늬병, 검은별무늬병에 대한 내병성은 자연 이병 개체수를 조사하여 저항성 정도를 판단하였다. 과실의 모양 및 색깔, 잎의 모양, 꽃잎 모양 및 색깔 등은 육안으로 관찰하였다.
향기 성분 분석
휘발성 향기 성분은 solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(SPME-GC/MS)법을 이용하여 추출하였다(Guth 1997). 휘발 성분은 시료 5 g을 밀봉한 후 250℃에서 예열 처리된 SPME fiber (50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS, Supelco, USA)에 30분 동안 흡착하였다. 흡착된 향기 성분은 250℃에서 3분간 열탈착한 후 GC-MS (QP2010 plus, Shimadzu, Japan)로 분석하였다. 컬럼은 DB-WA (30 m×0.32 mm×0.5 μm, Agilent)을 사용하였으며, 이동상으로 헬륨(He)을 1 mL⋅min-1의 유속으로 사용하였다.
통계처리
통계분석은 R software package를 이용하였으며, 대조 품종 간의 차이는 t-test로 유의수준 5%(α=0.05), 1%(α=0.01)에서 검정하였다. 향기 성분 측정은 3회 측정한 결과를 분산분석하였다.
생육 특성
‘진향’의 수자는 개장형이며 수세는 강한 편이다. 일년생 가지 특성으로 색깔은 갈색, 길이는 88.3 cm 두께는 10.6 mm, 절간장은 47.5 mm로 조사되었다. 평균 겨드랑이 꽃눈 수는 3.7개인데 대조품종 ‘신고’의 10.4개에 비하면 낮은 수준이며, 검은별무늬병에 감수성이기 때문에 검은별무늬병 방제, 신초유인 등 재배관리가 필요하다(Table 1). 엽신형태는 장타원형, 엽선형태는 원두, 엽저형태는 원저, 엽연거치는 둔거치로 ‘신고’와 비슷한 엽형태를 가진다. 꽃잎 색깔은 흰색, 모양은 원형, 꽃잎 수는 5개로 ‘신고’와 비슷하지만 화분이 없는 ‘신고’에 비해 ‘진향’은 100화 당 119.2 mg의 화분을 가진다(Table 2).
과실 특성
나주 등 5개 지역에서 2015년부터 2019년까지의 과실 특성을 조사한 결과 ‘진향’의 숙기는 9월 25일로 중생종에 속한다. 과중은 439.9 g으로 ‘신고’에 비해 작아, 중소과를 선호하는 최근 소비트렌드와 잘 맞을 것으로 예상된다. 당도는 13.0 °Brix로 ‘신고’와 비슷한 수준이지만 경도는 3.57 kg/8mmØ로 단단한 편이었다. 과피색은 갈색이며 과형은 ‘봉리’와 비슷한 넓은 난형이다(Table 3).
향기 성분
Ethyl hexanoate 등 41종의 휘발성 향기 물질을 분석한 결과 ‘진향’에서 34종, ‘신고’에서 30종의 향기 성분이 확인 되었다(Table 4). 이 중 ‘진향’에서 통계적으로 높은 함량이 검출된 성분은 20종이었으며(Fig. 2), 에스테르류 16종, 유기산류 1종 등이었다. 특히 파인애플, 망고, 청사과 등 향기로운 과일에서 주로 발생하는 휘발성 향기 물질인 ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl acetate 등 에스테르류(Choi et at. 2018)의 발생량이 많았는데, 이들은 ‘진향’의 향기 원인물질로 추정된다. 이 향기는 과육보다 과피, 과심 등에서 진하게 났으며, 상온 보관시 더 강해지는 경향을 보였다.
재배상 주의점
직립성이 강하므로 꽃눈 유도 및 유지를 위해 가지 유인을 철저히 해야한다. 과원 내 배수 및 통기성 등 토양조건이 불량한 경우 유부과가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 물빠짐이 좋은 토양에 재식해야 한다. 저장 중 과피 흑변이 발생할 수 있으므로 ‘추황배’와 같이 수확 후 저온저장 전에 과피를 충분히 건조시키고, 적정 저장온도까지 천천히 온도를 낮추며, 저장고내 유동펜을 설치하여 온도, 습도와 가스조성이 불균일하지 않도록 하며, 주기적인 환기를 해주어야 한다.
‘진향’은 향기나는 배 품종 개발을 목적으로 1984년 ‘만삼길(晩三吉)’에 ‘봉리(鳳梨)’를 교배하여 2007년 1차 선발 후 2011년부터 2019년까지 지역적응시험(강원, 경기, 충남, 경남, 전남)을 통해 안정성과 균일성이 인정되어 신품종심의위원회를 거쳐 품종으로 육성되었다. 9월 하순에 성숙되는 ‘진향’은 과중은 439.9 g, 당도는 13.0 °Brix로 당산의 조화가 좋고 과즙이 풍부하다. 향기 성분 분석결과 파인애플, 망고 등에서 발생하는 휘발성 물질인 ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate 성분을 다량 함유한 것을 확인하였으며 과육보다 과피, 과심 쪽에 가까울수록 향이 진하다. 직립성이 강하므로 꽃눈 유지를 위해 가지 유인 등 재배관리가 필요하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 시험연구사업(과제명: 배 신품종 개발 및 유용자원 선발, 과제번호: PJ017372)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of the fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’.
kjbs-56-2-161-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Comparison of main volatile compounds between the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ and ‘Niitaka’.
kjbs-56-2-161-f2.jpg
Table 1
Tree characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in Naju from 2015 to 2017.
Table 1
Cultivar Tree One-year-old shoot Disease resistance
Vigor Form Color Length
(cm)		 Thickness
(mm)		 Internode
length (mm)		 No. of axillary flower bud Scab Black spot
Jinhyang Vigorous Spreading Brown 88.3ns 10.6ns 47.5* 3.7*** S R
Niitaka Vigorous Spreading Blackish brown 90.5 11.3 65.8 10.4 HS R

nsnot significantly different between two cultivars. *, ***significantly different between two cultivars at p<0.01 and 0.001, respectively.

Table 2
Leaf and flower characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in Naju from 2015 to 2017.
Table 2
Cultivar Leaf blade Flower Pollen
Shape Leaf tip Leaf base Margin Color Shape of corolla No. of corolla Color
brightness		 Weight
(mg⋅100 flowers-1)
Jinhyang Ellipse Round form Rounded Crenate White Circular 5 5 119.2
Niitaka Ellipse Round form Rounded Crenate White Circular 5 9 None
Table 3
Fruit characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in five regions (Suwon, Chuncheon, Jinju, Yecheon, and Naju) from 2015 to 2019.
Table 3
Cultivar Full bloom
date		 Harvest
date		 Fruit

weight (g)		 Soluble solids
content (°Brix)		 Firmness
(kg/8mmØ)		 Fruit

shape		 Fruit

skin color
Jinhyang 4.11 9.25 439.9** 13.0ns 3.57** Ovate Brown
Niitaka 4.10 9.29 604.6 12.2 2.72 Round oblate Brown

nsnot significantly different between two cultivars. **significantly different between two cultivars at p<0.01.

Table 4
Volatile compounds identified by GC/MS in the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ and ‘Niitaka’ using SPME as extraction method.
Table 4
No. Compounds RTZ (min) Jinhyang (ppb) Niitaka (ppb) p-valuey
1 ethyl acetate 6.464 25.84 0.11 0.00***
2 acetic acid 7.345 -x 0.05 0.00***
3 ethyl propanoate 9.282 5.15 - 0.00***
4 ethyl 2-methyl propanoate 11.144 1.29 - 0.03*
5 hexanal 12.969 - 1.95 0.04*
6 ethyl butanoate 12.998 102.02 - 0.00***
7 butyl acetate 13.572 1.11 0.12 0.03*
8 ethyl 2-methyl bytanoate 15.200 10.12 0.01 0.02*
9 (E)-2-hexenal 15.387 2.31 1.17 0.15ns
10 3-heptanone 16.872 0.37 0.42 0.82ns
11 3-heptanol 17.400 0.10 0.97 0.37ns
12 ethyl pentanoate 17.536 6.44 0.01 0.36ns
13 pentyl acetate 18.124 0.10 0.02 0.07ns
14 ethyl 3-methyl 2-batenoate 18.622 0.18 - 0.02*
15 ethyl 3-hydroxy batanoate 19.123 1.71 - 0.03*
16 2-heptenal 20.176 0.11 0.04 0.17ns
17 ethyl hexanoate 21.998 139.82 0.22 0.03*
18 octanal 22.230 0.35 0.15 0.15ns
19 hexyl acetate 22.496 1.53 0.27 0.01**
20 ethyl 2-hexenoate 23.869 1.28 - 0.01*
21 (E)-2-octenal 24.551 0.08 0.03 0.12ns
22 ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate 25.896 9.21 0.01 0.01**
23 nonanal 26.426 1.16 0.39 0.10ns
24 heptyl acetate 26.598 0.03 0.02 0.19ns
25 methyl octanoate 27.107 - - -
26 ethyl 3-hydroxy hexanoate 27.336 0.71 - 0.01*
27 2-nonenal 28.633 0.29 0.09 0.06ns
28 2-decanone 29.788 0.13 0.04 0.23ns
29 ethyl octanoate 29.905 2.81 0.00 0.02*
30 decanal 30.360 0.19 0.05 0.06ns
31 ethyl 2-octanoate 31.791 0.87 - 0.01**
32 (E)-2-decenal 32.459 0.90 0.27 0.10ns
33 methyl 4-decenoate 34.002 - - -
34 methyl decenoate 34.505 - - -
35 ethyl 3-hydorxyl octanoate 34.794 18.18 0.01 0.05ns
36 2-undecenal 36.029 0.69 0.18 0.12ns
37 methyl 2,4-decadienoate 37.026 - 0.04 0.21ns
38 methyl 2,4-decadienoate 38.109 - 0.00 0.37ns
39 6,10- dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one 38.748 0.49 0.15 0.00**
40 ethyl 2,4-decadienoate 39.379 5.32 0.03 0.02*
41 2-farnesene 40.546 8.28 0.04 0.02*
Total 349.16 6.85 -

zRT, retention time.

yns, non-significant; *, significant at p<0.05; **, significant at p<0.01; ***, significant at p<0.001, respectively.

xNot detected.

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‘Jinhyang’: A Fragrant Pear Cultivar
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2024;56(2):161-168.   Published online June 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2024.56.2.161
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‘Jinhyang’: A Fragrant Pear Cultivar
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2024;56(2):161-168.   Published online June 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2024.56.2.161
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‘Jinhyang’: A Fragrant Pear Cultivar
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of the fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of main volatile compounds between the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ and ‘Niitaka’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

‘Jinhyang’: A Fragrant Pear Cultivar

Tree characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in Naju from 2015 to 2017.

Cultivar Tree One-year-old shoot Disease resistance
Vigor Form Color Length
(cm)		 Thickness
(mm)		 Internode
length (mm)		 No. of axillary flower bud Scab Black spot
Jinhyang Vigorous Spreading Brown 88.3ns 10.6ns 47.5* 3.7*** S R
Niitaka Vigorous Spreading Blackish brown 90.5 11.3 65.8 10.4 HS R

Leaf and flower characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in Naju from 2015 to 2017.

Cultivar Leaf blade Flower Pollen
Shape Leaf tip Leaf base Margin Color Shape of corolla No. of corolla Color
brightness		 Weight
(mg⋅100 flowers-1)
Jinhyang Ellipse Round form Rounded Crenate White Circular 5 5 119.2
Niitaka Ellipse Round form Rounded Crenate White Circular 5 9 None

Fruit characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in five regions (Suwon, Chuncheon, Jinju, Yecheon, and Naju) from 2015 to 2019.

Cultivar Full bloom
date		 Harvest
date		 Fruit

weight (g)		 Soluble solids
content (°Brix)		 Firmness
(kg/8mmØ)		 Fruit

shape		 Fruit

skin color
Jinhyang 4.11 9.25 439.9** 13.0ns 3.57** Ovate Brown
Niitaka 4.10 9.29 604.6 12.2 2.72 Round oblate Brown

Volatile compounds identified by GC/MS in the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ and ‘Niitaka’ using SPME as extraction method.

No. Compounds RTZ (min) Jinhyang (ppb) Niitaka (ppb) p-valuey
1 ethyl acetate 6.464 25.84 0.11 0.00***
2 acetic acid 7.345 -x 0.05 0.00***
3 ethyl propanoate 9.282 5.15 - 0.00***
4 ethyl 2-methyl propanoate 11.144 1.29 - 0.03*
5 hexanal 12.969 - 1.95 0.04*
6 ethyl butanoate 12.998 102.02 - 0.00***
7 butyl acetate 13.572 1.11 0.12 0.03*
8 ethyl 2-methyl bytanoate 15.200 10.12 0.01 0.02*
9 (E)-2-hexenal 15.387 2.31 1.17 0.15ns
10 3-heptanone 16.872 0.37 0.42 0.82ns
11 3-heptanol 17.400 0.10 0.97 0.37ns
12 ethyl pentanoate 17.536 6.44 0.01 0.36ns
13 pentyl acetate 18.124 0.10 0.02 0.07ns
14 ethyl 3-methyl 2-batenoate 18.622 0.18 - 0.02*
15 ethyl 3-hydroxy batanoate 19.123 1.71 - 0.03*
16 2-heptenal 20.176 0.11 0.04 0.17ns
17 ethyl hexanoate 21.998 139.82 0.22 0.03*
18 octanal 22.230 0.35 0.15 0.15ns
19 hexyl acetate 22.496 1.53 0.27 0.01**
20 ethyl 2-hexenoate 23.869 1.28 - 0.01*
21 (E)-2-octenal 24.551 0.08 0.03 0.12ns
22 ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate 25.896 9.21 0.01 0.01**
23 nonanal 26.426 1.16 0.39 0.10ns
24 heptyl acetate 26.598 0.03 0.02 0.19ns
25 methyl octanoate 27.107 - - -
26 ethyl 3-hydroxy hexanoate 27.336 0.71 - 0.01*
27 2-nonenal 28.633 0.29 0.09 0.06ns
28 2-decanone 29.788 0.13 0.04 0.23ns
29 ethyl octanoate 29.905 2.81 0.00 0.02*
30 decanal 30.360 0.19 0.05 0.06ns
31 ethyl 2-octanoate 31.791 0.87 - 0.01**
32 (E)-2-decenal 32.459 0.90 0.27 0.10ns
33 methyl 4-decenoate 34.002 - - -
34 methyl decenoate 34.505 - - -
35 ethyl 3-hydorxyl octanoate 34.794 18.18 0.01 0.05ns
36 2-undecenal 36.029 0.69 0.18 0.12ns
37 methyl 2,4-decadienoate 37.026 - 0.04 0.21ns
38 methyl 2,4-decadienoate 38.109 - 0.00 0.37ns
39 6,10- dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one 38.748 0.49 0.15 0.00**
40 ethyl 2,4-decadienoate 39.379 5.32 0.03 0.02*
41 2-farnesene 40.546 8.28 0.04 0.02*
Total 349.16 6.85 -
Table 1 Tree characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in Naju from 2015 to 2017.

nsnot significantly different between two cultivars. *, ***significantly different between two cultivars at p<0.01 and 0.001, respectively.

Table 2 Leaf and flower characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in Naju from 2015 to 2017.
Table 3 Fruit characteristics of the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ in five regions (Suwon, Chuncheon, Jinju, Yecheon, and Naju) from 2015 to 2019.

nsnot significantly different between two cultivars. **significantly different between two cultivars at p<0.01.

Table 4 Volatile compounds identified by GC/MS in the new fragrant pear ‘Jinhyang’ and ‘Niitaka’ using SPME as extraction method.

zRT, retention time.

yns, non-significant; *, significant at p<0.05; **, significant at p<0.01; ***, significant at p<0.001, respectively.

xNot detected.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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