1한국농업기술진흥원 종자산업진흥센터
2전북대학교 농경제유통학부
1Seed Industry Promotion Center, Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency, Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54324, Republic of Korea
2Department of Food Resource Marketing Economics, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
Copyright © 2024 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science
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| Seed Market | Year | CAGRz | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2026 | 2031 | '16-'21 | '21-'26 | '26-'31 | ||
| Treated (%) | 82.3 | 82.4 | 82.6 | 82.8 | 82.9 | 83.2 | 84.0 | 84.7 | 84.7 | 3.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 | |
| Non-Treated (%) | 17.7 | 17.6 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | |
| Classification | Employee | QCz person | QAy person | Germination person | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average | 54.0 | 7.1 | 3.3 | 2.1 | |
| Area | Seoul Gyeonggi | 81.8 | 10.4 | 4.2 | 2.8 |
| Jeolla-do | 13.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | |
| Chungcheong-do | 27.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | |
| Gyeongsang-do | 6.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Scale | 5 ton or less | 9.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| 5~50 ton | 32.7 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
| more than 50 ton | 162.1 | 22.3 | 9.0 | 3.5 | |
Annual change in the proportion of processed seeds among seeds distributed in the global market (
| Seed Market | Year | CAGRz | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2026 | 2031 | '16-'21 | '21-'26 | '26-'31 | ||
| Treated (%) | 82.3 | 82.4 | 82.6 | 82.8 | 82.9 | 83.2 | 84.0 | 84.7 | 84.7 | 3.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 | |
| Non-Treated (%) | 17.7 | 17.6 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 4.7 | |
Comparison of main business contents by sales volume of domestic seed companies (NSVS 2021). [Unit: Company, %]
| Main Business | Breeding | Seed production | Seed processing | Sales business |
Nursery business | Others | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum | 83 (3.1) |
1,192 (44.5) |
35 (1.3) |
1,041 (38.9) |
328 (12.2) |
- | 2,679 (100.0) |
|
| Sales Volume | Small | 46 (1.9) |
1,088 (46.0) |
28 (1.2) |
8 91 (37.7) |
311 (13.2) |
- | 2,364 (100.0) |
| Mid-small | 19 (11.7) |
5 4 (33.3) |
5 (3.1) |
7 7 (47.5) |
7 (4.3) |
- | 162 (99.9) |
|
| Medium | 9 (8.9) |
33 (32.7) |
2 (2.0) |
49 (48.5) |
8 (7.9) |
- | 101 (100.0) |
|
| Large | 9 (17.3) |
17 (32.7) |
- | 2 4 (46.2) |
2 (3.8) |
- | 5 2 (100.0) |
|
Seed processing status: Location, year of establishment, and processing scale of companies subject to investigation (NSVS 2021). [Unit: Company, %, kg]
| Location | Business period (year) | Processing scale | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 or less | 10-20 year | more than 20 | 5 ton or less | 5~50 ton | more than 50 ton | |||
| Sum | 22(100.0) | 5(22.7) | 6(27.3) | 11(50.0) | 13(59.1) | 3(13.6) | 6(27.3) | |
| Seoul Gyeonggi | 13(59.1) | 2(23.1) | 3(23.1) | 7(53.8) | 6(46.2) | 1(7.7) | 6(46.2) | |
| Jeolla-do | 4(18.2) | - | 3(75.0) | 1(25.0) | 3(75.0) | 1(25.0) | - | |
| Chungcheong-do | 2(9.1) | 1(50.0) | - | 1(50.0) | 1(50.0) | 1(50.0) | - | |
| Gyeongsang-do | 3(13.8) | 1(33.3) | - | 2(66.7) | 3(100.0) | - | - | |
Seed processing company’s handling volume by crop in 2022 (NSVS 2021). [Unit: %]
| Location | Food crops | Vegetables | Fruit trees | Flowers | Special crops | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average | 1.2 | 96.4 | - | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
| Seoul Gyeonggi | 1.3 | 96.3 | - | 0.7 | - | 1.7 |
| Jeolla-do | - | 100.0 | - | - | - | - |
| Chungcheong-do | 5.0 | 84.5 | - | - | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Gyeongsang-do | - | 100.0 | - | - | - | - |
Status of employees and seed processing personnel of companies subject to investigation (NSVS 2021).
[Unit: Number of people]
| Classification | Employee | QCz person | QAy person | Germination person | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average | 54.0 | 7.1 | 3.3 | 2.1 | |
| Area | Seoul Gyeonggi | 81.8 | 10.4 | 4.2 | 2.8 |
| Jeolla-do | 13.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | |
| Chungcheong-do | 27.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | |
| Gyeongsang-do | 6.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Scale | 5 ton or less | 9.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| 5~50 ton | 32.7 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
| more than 50 ton | 162.1 | 22.3 | 9.0 | 3.5 | |
The need to install seed processing facilities jointly utilized by seed companies (
| Classification | Very positive | Positive | Common | Negative | Very negative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum | 22(100.0) | 8(36.4) | 5(22.7) | 4(18.2) | 5(22.7) | - | |
| Area | Seoul Gyeonggi | 13(100.0) | 4(30.8) | 4(30.8) | 1(7.6) | 4(30.8) | - |
| Jeolla-do | 4(100.0) | 3(75.0) | - | 1(25.0) | - | - | |
| Chungcheong-do | 2(100.0) | - | 1(50.0) | - | 1(50.0) | - | |
| Gyeongsang-do | 3(100.0) | 1(33.3) | - | 2(66.7) | - | - | |
| Scale | 5 ton or less | 13(100.0) | 7(53.8) | 3(23.1) | 3(23.1) | - | - |
| 5~50 ton | 3(100.0) | 1(33.3) | - | 1(33.3) | 1(33.4) | - | |
| more than 50 ton | 6(100.0) | - | 2(33.3) | - | 4(66.7) | - | |
Equipment that must be installed in seed processing facilities jointly used by seed companies, and preference for domestic/ foreign equipment (
| Process | Sum | Domestic | Foreign | Process | Sum | Domestic | Foreign |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extraction | 3 | 2 | 1 | Quality control | 8 | 2 | 6 |
| Threshing | 2 | 2 | - | Weighing & packaging | 12 | 9 | 3 |
| Disinfection | 10 | 6 | 4 | Transport | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Drying | 10 | 5 | 5 | Grain sorter | 12 | 7 | 5 |
| Cleaning | 14 | 6 | 8 | Storage | 11 | 10 | 1 |
| Pelleting | 10 | 4 | 6 | Seed test room | 10 | 6 | 4 |
| Treating | 6 | 2 | 4 | Film coating | 9 | 3 | 6 |
| Priming | 12 | 2 | 10 | Green house | 11 | 9 | 2 |
Demand for jointly utilized seed processing facilities by processing stage and crop (
| Crops | Threshing/Extraction | Cleaning | Film coating | Pellet coating | Priming | Drying | Packaging | Storage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum | 26,700 (3) |
66,750 (28) |
67,350 (28) |
8,250 (10) |
38,650 (19) |
15,350 (11) |
64,500 (21) |
55,350 (9) |
| Hot pepper | - | 14,150 (6) |
14,550 (9) |
- | 13,400 (3) |
750 (1) |
14,250 (5) |
13,350 (4) |
| Tomato | 200 (1) |
400 (3) |
200 (1) |
200 (1) |
300 (2) |
300 (2) |
200 (1) |
- |
| Radish | 12,500 (1) |
14,100 (3) |
14,000 (2) |
- | - | 12,600 (2) |
14,000 (2) |
14,000 (2) |
| Kimchi Cabbage | 14,000 (1) |
14,000 (1) |
14,000 (1) |
- | - | - | 14,000 (1) |
14,000 (1) |
| Cabbage | - | 12,500 (1) |
12,500 (1) |
- | 12,500 (1) |
- | 12,500 (1) |
12,500 (1) |
| Lettuce | - | - | - | 150 (1) |
- | - | 150 (1) |
- |
| Water-melon | - | 2,400 (4) |
2,400 (4) |
100 (1) |
5,550 (6) |
100 (1) |
2,300 (3) |
- |
| Pumpkin | - | 3,100 (4) |
3,100 (3) |
100 (1) |
1,600 (2) |
100 (1) |
1,600 (2) |
1,500 (1) |
| Melon | - | 100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
- |
| Korean melon |
- | 100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
100 (1) |
- |
| Gourd (Stock) |
- | 5,300 (2) |
5,300 (2) |
1,000 (1) |
5,000 (2) |
1,000 (1) |
5,000 (2) |
- |
| Fruit vegetables |
- | 300 (1) |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
| Onion | - | - | 1,100 (2) |
- | 100 (1) |
- | - | - |
| Flowers | - | - | - | 6,500 (3) |
- | - | - | - |
| Others | - | 300 (1) |
- | - | - | 300 (1) |
300 (1) |
- |
Direction and key goals of establishing a jointly utilized seed processing center (
| Contents | Basic standard | Key goals |
|---|---|---|
| Facility composition | - Facility construction using the latest technology and equipment - Environmental requirements (temperature, humidity and lighting) - Consistent facilities including storage and processing space - Redundant equipment considering the use of small companies |
State-of-the-art facilities |
| Quality and Security | - Implementing strict quality control procedures and standards - System to manage seed collection sites, varieties, quality, etc. - Identify factors affecting seed quality and management measures - Company security (varieties, technology, know-how, information) |
Security first |
| Seed processing technology | - Technology to optimize process and improve operational efficiency - Automated systems to improve efficiency and reduce manpower - Conducting R&D, introducing innovative processing methods |
Continuous improvement |
| Cooperation network | - Cooperation between producers, institutes, and seed companies - Identify industrial demand and promote service support - Partnerships with related parties and securing a leading position |
Response to on-site demand |
| Sustainable operation | - Adopting an environmentally friendly approach - Improve energy efficiency, and manage recycling and waste. - Compliance with sustainability-related certification standards |
ESG management |
Detailed spatial arrangement of jointly utilized seed processing center (
| Layout | Example of detailed use of a building | Area required (㎡) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st floor | Office/Common use | Lobby, stairs, elevator, restroom, shower room, etc. | 100 | |
| Reception/test room (germination, humidity, storage) | 200 | |||
| Seed processing | Disinfection room, water supply/drainage facility | 100 | 1,100 | |
| Cleaning room (size, gravity, weight, shape, color) | 700 | |||
| Priming, water/drainage facilities, inspection room | 100 | |||
| Film coating room, water supply/drainage facility | 100 | |||
| Pelleting room, water supply/drainage facilities | 100 | |||
| Drying | Drying room (1st, 2nd) | 100 | 1,100 | |
| Packing | Seed packaging room | 200 | ||
| Storage warehouse | Warehouse for processing (room temperature) | 200 | ||
| Room temperature warehouse (short term) | 300 | |||
| Cold storage warehouse (mid-& long-term) | 200 | |||
| Utility | Electrical, machine, water tank, waste, oil storage | 200 | ||
| 2nd floor | Office/Common use | Office, bathroom, etc. | 100 | |
| Business lounge (smart work), lobby, stairs, elevator, restroom, etc. | 200 | |||
| Total floor area | 3,000 | |||
Details of facilities and equipment required for joint use type seed processing center (
| Area | Equipment | Capacity | Dimension (WXDXH) | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sterilization | Dry heat sterilizer | 30 B | 2.0x3.5x2.0 | 2 |
| Dry heat sterilizer | 100 B | 3.5x4.0x2.0 | 1 | |
| Cleaning | Density selection machine | 1~40 kg/hr | 1.5x1.5x1.5 | 2 |
| Spiral selection machine | 25~100 kg/hr | 1.5x1.5x2.5 | 2 | |
| Seed size selection machine | 0.5~30 kg/hr | 1.5x3.5x1.5 | 1 | |
| Seed size selection machine | 30~200 kg/h | 2.0x4.5x2.5 | 1 | |
| Specific Gravity Selector | 0.1~5 kg/hr | 1.5x2.0x2.5 | 2 | |
| Specific Gravity Selector | 10~250 kg/hr | 1.5x2.0x2.5 | 1 | |
| Seed Size Sorter | 1~25 kg/hr | 1.5x2.5x3.0 | 2 | |
| Film coating | Semi-automatic equipment | 1~15 kg/lot | 1.5x1.5x1.5 | 2 |
| Automatic coating equipment | 1~15 kg/lot | 2.0x2.0x2.0 | 1 | |
| Pelleting | Seed pelletizing device | 1.5~2.5 M pellets | 2.0x2.0x2.0 | 2 |
| Pelletized size selection | 75~250 kg/hr | 1.5x4.0x2.0 | 2 | |
| Priming + Seed test (R&D) |
Priming pre-processing | 10 g~4 kg/h | 3.0x1.5x3.0 | 2 |
| Seed priming pretreatment | 10~60 kg/h | 4.0x2.0x3.0 | 2 | |
| Dehydration (centrifuge) | 22.5 kg/bag | 1.5x1.5x1.5 | 1 | |
| multi-temp. germination tester | 95 mm petridish200 ea | 2.0x3.5x2.0 | 1 | |
| Seed drying system | 4 drums, 35 kg/seeds | 2.0x2.5x2.0 | 1 | |
| Seed test room | Seed quality inspection equipment (Constant temperature and humidity devices, various equipment, etc.) |
1 set |
||
| Drying | Seed drying box | 3600 kg/h | 3.5x4.0x2.5 | 1 |
| Drying facility (custom-made) | - | 4.0x5.5x5.0 | 1 | |
| Packaging | Automatic (custom-made) | 5~150 g (2,000 seed/h) | 2.5x3.0x3.5 | 2 |
| Counter and collection device | 0~99,950 (small pack) | 1.0x1.0x1.0 | 2 | |
| Others | Forklift (transportation) | 1.5 ton | - | 2 |
| Three-way forklift (warehouse) | 2 ton | - | 1 | |
| Sizing mesh, accessories for each equipment, transportation and installation tools, etc. | 1 set |
|||
Problems expected from operating the joint seed processing center (
| Problems | Response plans to expected operational problems, etc. |
|---|---|
| Legal dispute | - Seed mixing, seed leakage, reduced germination rate before and after treatment, seed contamination, shortage of stock due to fire, etc. |
| Seasonal concentration | - Processing in the short term after sowing, and supply at the right time for sowing. - Management during intensive processing period (May-July, November-January) - Processing service vs. Possibility of loss of sales due to supply delay |
| Quality | - Germination, purity, compliance with international standards, normal endosperm, etc. |
| Off-season management | - Utilizing facilities in the off-season due to fluctuations in harvesting season - Operational problems due to fixed cost burden when facilities are not utilized |
| Securing manpower | - The person in charge requires expert knowledge in all areas - Lack of manpower in the seed field, absence of working-level personnel, etc. |
The technology development project proposal that needs to be pursued urgently to develop core technologies for a joint seed processing center (
| Classification | Local production of materials/ equipment | Advancement of seed physiological tech |
|---|---|---|
| Project purpose | Support for technology development for local production of core materials and equipment required for seed processing | Support for development of technology to improve seed quality and storage and useful physiological activity to increase added value |
| Annual budget | 1,875 million won | 1,125 million won |
| Unit budget | 500 million won | 500 million won |
| Project period | 5 years | 5 years |
| Budget source | Government support 100% | Government support 100% |
| Representative achievements | Seed processing (priming, pellet coating) materials and processing equipment, etc. | Storage technology, bioactive substances, optimal processing conditions, etc. |
| Core project content (support content) | Support for development of seed coating materials for crop protection, nutritional enhancement, germination promotion, etc. Development of customized processing equipment for each purpose Technology development support for private seed companies through standardization of seed processing technology and manuals |
Support for development of productivity increase technologies such as pretreatment, germination environment control, and proliferation for each major variety Supports identification of physiological activity by environment, such as storage and pre-processing, and establishment of optimal processing technology |
zCAGR: Compound annual growth rate
zQC: Quality control, yQA: Quality assurance