Skip to main navigation Skip to main content

Korean. J. Breed. Sci. : Korean Journal of Breeding Science

OPEN ACCESS
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
EDITORIAL POLICIES
FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Articles

Page Path

Article

통일형 벼의 가공 원료곡 활용을 위한 영양성분 및 품질 분석

장성규1, 성기운2, 이지윤1, 조수민1, 권영호1, 이소명1, 이종희1, 박동수1, 오기원1, 강주원1,*

The Nutritional Components and Quality Analysis of Several Tongil Type Rice Varieties for Processing Purposes

Seong-Gyu Jang1, Gi-Un Seong2, Ji-Yoon Lee1, Sumin Jo1, Youngho Kwon1, So-Myeong Lee1, Jong-Hee Lee1, Dong-Soo Park1, Ki-Won Oh1, Ju-Won Kang1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2023;55(4):311-320.
Published online: December 1, 2023

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2한국식품연구원 안전유통연구단

1National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang 50424, Republic of KoreaJFIFddDuckydqhttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ Adobed     ! 1AQa"q 2#w8B36v7XRr$9bCt%u&Ws'(xy4T5fH  !1AQaq"2B Rbr#u67Ѳ3sTt5v8Sc$4ĂCÔ%UӅFV ?_Aנj- H>>,m*>fzp"TrKkr^r.|_&]|*vPuܶvoQ1mwVJUhu-I"=LniAƕ8"۲ k*ҿ[yu:.vUQ+)%F DHyVBk>Hy8jݹ q~9D4KRmzQ)^ʔ.J%k_tVi5NTjg!'ky|5asOȻ)R۸ߩFMԿ3L4j6dڜ#NIwUF]JqB/(FafJRzq3\G՛ ?~\ 6)6W4m[O^L0E&rRMض*C .]Unl-1 1r#Rj/&QɈ׉˩s6Rj=5Tg.y.·Pӡ:JJS:C8-2u]d&vUz;7p9 5VnL֢"y)">iי(IDDd| Yj0; LRfS:ktYK%*N2^m|&dğth":ey)uPQZW)gcC3Pv&MMWd&Ŵ۲mvTRoժM03*F3Yd6\8,\hݻ kߔi<k NTwSԪmljj[>->ptU%'LR>&EBH$MQAUx[$Z6vi&_a.KIQ{hyƒ j"JOC9eFҝfj;˚Ω<[3_m% lQ@4g=5$(J]Yc-OMq<Ǎ wSzڗ)k$7VIP붾ͯnV+卵*t]iЎD31~SA1éC2u)ʼnQn-Uoi3:grI8ؓWm*G zܕ)ZקJ}Y YlGeJ6cB2I NS3Q>k=KTBT]W6+SOXQgGR? telˊ%-Re\hѯ2TF"C/OJΩ6r[N.0{SpljjX1“jOsӥ;ҭhe}xu`Ք&.)yO̒ Fߑ.$Qw;9Iw2o+RVJMSOj[SoҌZ%;`d$blQ{Ro{Imڌ>3egf\O֝Uzx"䢸g+mv%Gʆ:|V[N'&ס-ޝ'kfE|K,G&˳98Juin/\\Qݿ̋v~Ǩ!rtWU d|E߫R4d}.qPw*Ӭv5YEcn~f5c%MTMkb-F>5JT,})QHg%{("ӔȸWMsYyWNRrkkJr0XドnͫT}r-jj,Ŕʍ\Q2Ri>v$5!]"JB2WɅ)]VԜUc8i|.jeRO6^V.¸ Q&#|ܶ-*uOG%JAtRZRr]FFG\۩w+?'zչSѧt jz>KW&ot{7P&2D;&\\>Q2JzܗAKSfeNn[jRrԕf6,q,F1tRfԗ>vֶևj-&R'Zi2=xv~Elbsvm8=ӛ"ū񕜈BȩlWau[]ٷBߨF~J!|Ipr3R̴#Yp)={7:G{+:\W}n|Q#%)7^-h"Ƒq:M*%J&$T軨I333׎g_- ucBwwjp[6i25$̏bU’ٱRv?G\~#Iͪb7<<}Ezt" q_Inw,7-d,G÷%T* Wg1"䥱kq/A.,_KhqŒxwvo u2ۥۧ.bQ}XκA$֣ +K״ZUNmڸII{.v{5z5ѮRme[moyƾd~cRݾK'j.\i&/S6f|b=5: p!6i_ 4j6=.si˧eƾtS^c.Y^RJVS-Vi3,esi08?H$GvZgg?gi䤟2adw릿:"۪lkSN>q-4kI܋ێe̊qۅgDoѨ9; #T.Q;7#~_Ufstb_'w~Xw1Xk,vcOt._}v}8"(4Z\ۘgk?J?bm_c!g{HZV]Fkk%~gEt)b秴vΰB|꽸}mp~E6ݹv;7P٤v+ri*3Ԣ|'O14_~7nP{7ZU\Vű[ +7󖱅o#:ǥŬ\|3r%TJX]V7ez¨Y]lc|O3V! R zbJ'PnGqVJ"19WVeOF埜EaEJωqCN5Z g-9[S<$sUK5b|7sn\7x qmv##FF\ w[=-43$^ooVSiXօv7iB۴yg>]Vf"r$J3""32!Zh[K%7GvNLs+4nB/B{vlsobJaҺJR:0g%&zR\ S3T[&ִor*ⷳc3ʊO[iozW٨%$gn:ܶWwFBԹjHP&z u&F2\f;ipW73 [; '_̽b;vib!oec dC-tS__$Xs]l9&z$2/N>%'[}b{h/{`{Ji׉׏ YJB/X%}.|+{(S:qz]4_Kѵo`^tY_4S#* ^zvݾMr+TrkQ g.8Ͽ^i>ӈǙvix>$o( ^qt*&t1oJVu-ql5U6jCЉmĻ*"?JT=K'O/|=Vo}l0b}}f?X[?/\JSBe,kP8ETJ==?.p5ފgbU9}ǶdNKk—_$8̸͓ۍ8Di\BԿ-1v{FF]|.^ۅ{vl12׏z7-R7wE?\nh\jN/Kձr_oBw"N QMBZqe-m:ӨSn6j4%!hQ;sv'm4kcM=!8\m[M4{SMliۇ%eֽR&N:{2A8)THLK3Zj[jPBx#BگMf:G1\`edcʮ?|w(-̮vXt,bW2;.ιNHRR#YwTM"<;mk\.foIDjmlJ;vxy7o7i\,KQŊ9d^Mmgc L*.T6tLeIuOH3SJQ3=F/ʿ<9\JM6mN6=<{xkP!F1QR[I$6ُimXu2An2yԒMU q f[IB-'䤯jYm52&JG\zд\~vdg QtHGXw&1Lw+nDEdC1w|YJmvP)HZ>i0BPβә?R:QO["]I_Jʏۍ>QKyu^bycBq4lXF~l [\*N>-J6,Gq(Zr5h]CwYӤU~ʶߑ u*SIv%ZfJ7)! FS*s_\|IŸZ)J ]ܜi4"z[+Z,MOZ))}|Ʀ(RUNIII.S'ˍO~˨rn}M)xxӕ0 eyҵ7YMAB]ӣU:/ѭ*6bcwP͵ "+qēVjŹO|GtY4V j[mLV M -m>",B$ GD1~j6O4|LxnNmqATNR3ε|DŽa[fmn-ڭ+FiK7Pcm;r5 l8r{#-]'nrFh2ruycb;pW=njRqRJ(d mnpckNnʹ+6]tz~E=ʕ l ZZ5jSi3#47.Lcfe`9؏v囜.F\-UZ:*0_<Νu9Lӵm&)_3\^ҹ3"1n1v_|uRʞͫr'iȧN_kH׺8xXrj=\МH)V\ˬ.Xʸ oVRC}ySU9/OBY먌5 ٿwޞ)rw8Ӫi5*5ZΗcGƱ !ZۄlmpjJ -l <R̵/JAպZuq\IdUS 48wXJJtcg4cI~aqߓwŷrm-v)G7yS^7H^-\mŌAq|"m9IBnF㏉9[N+mmy/!KKۉ%n +BdddfFF6FQRN-U5;Sv'm4kcM=Mn)\qιqUd9F%",6MGdT%-+~ f%+y֛^3SrF>6lc(֪vۊN;g._0Sѧ]ETWرkQKzGe9ʨsKA"yC y2\[5 rԭ7Gk5Mzw_4sM3hxЊ'oÍ5jsub )ͪ~tR2H]R͍>̋m6=%(˿(Wrr-܅y5(ܔJ޺YunW̹븹NsqK ]/QR#"ZMDfD|43Qw|._ԡSqTZBg??O Ϥ)/E_U|i}2 9Z?¹0:x'3,whǣ?C y-A~=daJј&M?D1_PS+Oi&;a @;Dž7[ zZC"bv:jjMQk$M RԸ3uA\=wI.AwC"^.{?-\NSiˏ"b}T/}q/ o.1M}R%:-ZniʒL$SgrBW*,Mw'N\ɇ{s\j]VryG'8f`}'N<*/`U숻z CwHq18J+vԕKss4R53/&XTt1bZƟo\=%nO)h$rBi-nKĪ^ ջڜlwkYm[̑+/QrZo%TQ;TLs($2C:s.%+eoNttq۰kK7O0m_t_pZ1SsSM7"mevFZ[w -FJ*T*jФQRg BSu|]g:ɵzjqwmltL.e3sRMچkSmjkmWœިm++¦'tILk*բQ D,PB\lI[9{%Gb R6öۍmX-MaʉA931cs..G4CujQտ[9 }G-xwl)IQz j Ó"rqe&=]꾧֎c)<kӳ+0JrRR3'TnXi^xMF Bު*tIL.[h"2"nKzZe'ZV/RrNYz]8죝n]Ķܩ>^Ժ]u-7^\mZjܣ9+Rmn ߑv?oꋘ?&ƪy^N4o=3-ؔ̿*`}V݁ ƒPu8%$ ݗ]wt;\y\>='OjPIp/nJU8{϶FNMsf"ίNqƹ(+ ݮF2Km |jܴZs%zf*eȫ?]4)I۵nR&FX + [jDh(#哑9q9Eծj8noǕZf\J-l&Z˫}`ӎhyrΉn\űn]9pʌӣ"׮Wt?N4_I_~54#/my1Xr*척aS#DT >q ssΛW;3oUaJSRMDgQnt:Ql,/ ܷfRqiM Ȼ>Cob;A>ڦWقM9X~/!'MW.}Vrߔꔵ!5|iB(0-zF=}okڢE$^wW~nokY߮\6՜̌{i-AF*9)\t9IV6۸5ZUF6R$ŨQIq砳YUZ]eyv >hI櫥N )&l JulwE1GDOuFN2| }馥uC1rޫV+^gdb&W[4<^e4YW,d|htͮsUM)۸8:{3d{AѢ)~ \#J=NdƮꮓ90 |1K$v*?мS ]i$J,C,SG?/_՜pMSƯM|mG1V1$~K>CSvkuj=&) -,yLjuFHK{c駗.SOua;BrSqj-ۍZ#'Jys7[g2z/.u4+XV2VQ.ޕ)$"(%)#Z7suZ%j }BǬݕe)Jvz8zJf:hIN|svO1O#IEcۍjݽ:SdὮvu^@:o^5cs>i/VqmVm]ؔܢn6'vޑ̗J4Wn@OlKbX ;n:hgJ9ŻyǑz8f܌q&Y fN0N;[69 rbׅC2/#kE l&2~èMR.*%g=Ft.%؝e8<.e=Uv{~㻏"EˑnvDѭ͜Lu3u0:U֝$[M5<:oi+V4V9 6nXvx&_ q Qqw3W:uϔ2yb/(ɳ|5zQiJ#r|Hw#.W?4aDŲ\ugWG;Cw鐢K|xg)##=O.dF˟jMUvWĻsr.z]kPc9"]R)mkfOd*uYf١RsB Aîh=k]ʳUrrZsq`d#r$/Ը3o^&lRWȍyuW̦Y4QDUMJ65ƒ[+ygk XK_±k#y:8(TJOSQhJt2.DR}"5[) r)6V6u5k:eXZmv𭤔!푊Q[qQ}ҹLE- 8qIZG|UM4j}Mܕ[Vwm{} Naqµ"ԈM zOpKѰ?IAD3Ir0'/q1itoB5{%wkOBn-ۜduqIzYK60{+DʕܞqIt";r1mG/\/ym[6JƫR \L=S=OT@Ix[TMm{>ݾտ֒ݸӉLYIx>+"JVNzx||5rI?C{oz8۹e\R-^\A2F R+N9 vlT]"ۭ d)t֞i #E2jB@׵=#/N+!ĕhx}I!cM`ąZ*ŻɄҒ߮Y.Z}='/oۙ3IpW̮hT7cTSuz9>B}΄&h!>lӵn~j˅IvU.'v'CSZw8QK3G> ,J59ٷ+HSg䧎hJdzvwv-cvxS5[̊n~ؿ%ַX?O0\6ne 6kn9.ϯ} *h 8_QhLݣ7q +=XBҲ5?[[)+F`=4 }B,sNg==u*Nj9k_GJ)+R~GSPBȒZ:(K]heL=vKPӢwq(NrG^ثϣ?#tC?.ͼ[ۅo؞y#%ǛjVyLSw%T*s92JTM%"YkQО.q)gCͲn8cgi6j1MѾ[{9h^vƘǚםidfi.^RHmg&rׇz:}݃}xT$ضk'5s-狶,\vpbPD،=Okf.c#cdz2FK5T!&)|ntD<+OŹU i-G[EE*FDfeaf2QƤM\UG_{ǹm%\yrGy:.\4wjPGUJޕUV7Do\7Vy_13w;[?c]H\$IJ,*L]3b%L{y.JRKG2sq,B6T}(#nW|km+q5] r㪍bJ@y{byz,b踊3ϻJ,'^xd،)JVw#.Vټc''ÝպWtbRؒJz۠8!o9IۄS95E9ؔ-e9JR{dmnｯ<[~n${~Њ$W?&ՐY_? #a.ߑv?oꋘ?&ơ|y^N4o=3t=~7!/M3>n8W홎2M`Qx+ z qy8%]7_~540ۦ彷]Wq CѡwkďyF5Dum_}~P(5.(X,K9vᯐ?leB9;Jhm#3{CxGE-S{;@Fz˙]=O'!ɿ]' r`:7'2bЖ>Iy,/eTy/V<.H?UYY{\^#ѣr9^7?xoRȆ7EoS_&??zϾM?(~Q-K&>"~aߨ t7Emsϛ+?;fCr)fY+>z$tIkjn_>vnrֳki-˹l= t;'EyC¥|/BLwBJdgjۛ$s S1|ɍV%JI6KvəhzIlBYɒ|0"Sy0F>eo5W)O+X˻u';v)2vVq۳kۮws?UʑBǴYO漪e2MIjPAک\b1)DDؚKm6ZWΨgȕ۶yjڳ 2ضN[C[|r@9Jfo<_eI7q.|cÊV߷:i.:$ȋ)1%%)ADZCEBxJ0MJۥy(bNsKM9k43IwNt.\%N簤I'.j|ƃ2$grBEٌ\}9:v*!n7M(ɽ]7c@XxƱԨ37īf62cTTfFK]9wntQHͮvٱI/f|j=7}\_V5U^+:uljSȃY(XI.ȱmo1甅jڎIZ2>#\*:gY|4k\8ZwSqtyA!+];бޞKծË¥e)#5ap.QK^8VdU{*ѽL\=qmjnB5>{ Ӟ`v±5 ^k&O~Oshɷ,;6nOW>u6{RqS`)S%jp\ipdEBLfTWy$GIYw~䲭J.1vSY5z.V>^+Ǎvc.I[R{QsNR3ӎfhd>y?UJ*}~[e\i5U^͛E]G_FS(Iɿ]i8:4zj~շsW,ˆsy:%O}iur]iF5~3M:Ӟ#N06)4ߧgdawIotiz:1r5YDZLHBSi;NQc44la=Y kQIT*ըl:tq2(է9VO4뒳܂~2rq'nrVZŦ[t7\oլfb/mlpc.I8콚q^1iE~䰳mi[dۧw֤ICfdFeCsg:i| 6擣׋* 96lust^{%99UNRvaMܽo ammi$em4D6DD\nA%$$#}۷/ݕr99JMն[oT޲E"KTaP+HGkŴj5TM5xƱOS-k`ۛkٝWz;{kS}F;~q|~^_|euwnE'pSupUP)V]vE+t =ZRaVdG6= *.ϼnj9:UɷbېmF_tޫgHjVS'śǕًdkkѻ_]Kv?nT>)^e=Ar1'3ԔILyD?:-^in):{7.؂\.:V }#뺾.3r̸*xbFM aȵz 6SQ:ײj[ 8nn iFMw rR"5M5I旘35f^j='j:nNW.ʭocZvZKV^ɚJ.cM1ZI7E'6rg탸5oZ=[m Z`\hbMUR١Ȗĉ):Jin!_7Dй+f̷eKҷvͨBPR(V`y6tw*MRΝcB.ڭTnc;P$8nFvm4(D(R#R-L -2:FP lxZKQc6I("Km%$E, 78uXIFA$RQI$JbInG]c[ֹ:ZM+n^')JmJMJRu{e)7jQDw~%yQl}BZujSSf۩QZ+Dzhd5o%BIc'GZ?}΍:>Ɵivז-%݌J5MqGWTVʦh݇ܟ~Օ_6 n'{3~mϬj'J11OȻn߃r Qr\3y٘+WӍ'WxEs^O3 o~[|7>]]H9݇ZomT@]?5B:Z߂'`V_+/MSKX߆ޠk3?o7y:4R/7þ] iG߬aBRU&?r&/} cQߥGj2?C5Yśe7hU=?+ x龳f-܈czW^7p%-(\D4h{UK&ӡn^m]Fݢ:`δvj俜F+) y[{{ 7 tu>gvrěOj'5 iRg[ͶFjGe n~qT$ci ۚ0oԹc*jL[sVWqj\ݻ&6"WoK:cnWmrv)o>66(F>=W^bf#c zzʞtپy%mՉPël e}J.\Zk4ttt>oEM=q)hJjI=ͥ(%]脼_88ф;͛gWG;Cw~˘$4=uWdĜTثNDkiQL9U*O"4XP`02,Ge-k5$h>ܼ]3vr6!9RQPIVSnM(ۓ{>;/Qͱv{3&-[rc)ܚI$n{Sv3[j00)-D3z}MRzVQпj,T[uVs0\}Sid;r(ݝJ>æʺL&c[jPK0~d(FKÝW\m]GTcF|Iׁ)I3~#oX%vҦEݑؼ5Żv2qAZTE^..M{ʐfȏ2##.R}*KʛZz^ӞN*lPťLf\G6[WVQquV]XAi)5J!,$iJ6o$tPZc;Kjx_n3`qIelV~vLy{fn匋Ѿn%;zV.n'-ұdd2߽1bZksPe3TI9)$ԩIN9Vơ\=2885N\ p)/a柛w9g_lױo8ݷ iixJV& ғRi{N^_oAŮE6Y7I$Nk$|Q)-*4Z)^¸%4Qm [I%.c-OV+C֧R#%ѨCe3i;w$G+_dy| Fzj$DI(=OA gj%v/]8qԯNIS*֩',Q%\44ZZ%D|Ǧʴ6&vֵI$%8(ԬƾS&#Z. }6z?b/|Jl{ץv&mpx4Z$”ڝ4-H%dGKfM:sKSRWeJAn]>s6应-W9'H]'uȫYvgK^\czp|My\鏩w/ËQ.)]\QiS`8uL뚛̸=J"ܻi\å'-)54Ue]:K\퓡vK xwBqrH\*֕TnzC.mT=t-H]SČ~Nu╏NÅ3f|͡G~B+Xm[Q7U{9"~jgK Zoʰ7"qJ,ekSeNGgϳ] ^.6:s}_,%eRg<5⿨z{ZPun#jRІ.6g T.!]xa c#jN$Zpl̋H WZu8WmMRýsĮ?Mco~sx TU҆Q :KDG4n42.<3/'^?6/ܠڒ^yrrÿr2\D}}B]^E~^T cɛ7϶Y[<֞[7d}2%QPqOLEQR\CIsj1?\}%tJ0e~ *sk"*)&ۓEi#{1J8Hrt|'ܝRr8)=ƔN'RVz:cf]F7bZyZUȘ4x8,#JG̒?.W9XnO]KO]%]ƻ O5Γ/3qÓj؍/r̺rƵ 5\&m6h.xoeX[=<3%< lZ"2h\Z[&jW3ejm?k&[]ųj+{N{66leu_+lj]q* 7g*knأYv= q ەdxЬZ|%GUrQ3jLŒqET]1% qkXYūYc[7Ś]QY\jko\</Lc7+'hMSUc6qXyؙ~6#ѯv.0$BQi5YyIhɍiy=KD!n3Vm[V%W-B%swa97ajۗ m+9~]fKq|Ddaˑ0A]_v޺mM5* F-BYHJ5}q>ʉ.6hyDmpD׬'-_v5;5[8K[viJ.3dR:oYHHh9I7:۽fi+wm^ [)odPѱ52CZUJicSw\&_s0uBȍh32džzQflcd^m|7GѹE!fO5]]H9݇ZomT@]?5B:Z߂'`V_+/MSKX߆ޠk3?o7y:4R/7þ] iG߬aBRU&?r&/} cQߥGj2?C5Yśe7hU=?+ x龳f-܈czW^7p%5|Y:SJE\U-(a_cƣUǽXXKiȞNlmۊڭڄR!**ܤMeȽ$|X5(Ź\rJ~ܮ]>'HB0cp XFr_c?f?7<ukSgov¥iG>>䙗i.+t+bOjIܶ . i^:nm}s}(3>NZ$2Qg([".>i.ƾ)B̋M8+"- >eE6DݥJnJˣt׻ 5.˅nJGwZD~!i۶a,Db3ZQ3O#KO5/֍ozuK'GbRi᝘NV_ҝcvם ZoX}F6z 7e5_e:ۓj=AB+iܔERadMBq*ԯ DwI/Gy*mĥiRKg6skY/#SN4e$-yXM YL?^ĸNNӪ{$r1JJRSLO]Aqm>V/s[~i/j+m>z}eI"Qvp]{ZԼ:{vPAG2=T͡@ڐ#u"E*>C;o$~C#_d/HBq^YRٽzIKbOm\~żjFFGdiQ(*/i*#.FF]©m=BmpQQQSP&Ҫ!T&^>:y)$ˑÐFčI Bӡ-t!bM WҦŶ'UZ=}zvn~oT/\ǒ'nr8 AJIӆz<^uߖ4eFC1i+v!3qNyߕni?4JZlmYFXFۼO0B\m[ tʄU3s"Sr(NJ;SKW72L4̏BVdf^Ҹj\]ȱ۪(ӷm?J-KEmWڽ^4<8qu%9pŹW~877ܾeVгS(յe^C]yX͹! םm4FGȋ\y'Z FX7e)|Gjt߹#gb\ŧq_([R8[qU$Z (ʻezV2V!iQ,i$JE˂٩ a(GK'O{vnBvryRd-RK4=qxZJMl_CuuIz @Rt㮽޳!|68\-l[џ84-2Pu" RJ_^OL>G1~XnBŬw6J0*Uvlږ1N G1q9IUm*'oWu][&UyYZbBZRZNfEJf"+2nF~Eû7n1xv.RUM$6 lAxSQJ&n5ܞwlEói"#>4׿Q.nEq7Oko[1wg8ZQwZYiqtm&~">Bo?w͡ni2峋NCEy Ҕ+%ZJ ʩq*fpˤl,~^Mχk1+:ݕ z&Y`KLӪУDr3[*Z :(SL&ݻ۬Vqsyԭs x|iI߽zZrg.:mp%6ԜvgmpIUt;QbS.Է) ǨKSV,*lڌ|5Jt3#NP.=+OZ~/G سIgbꥹJnl_DUM\iM!֔wVZuԺ,yV.Q>f v:݇WiaŸN5Ҕ[M7SsrvǣrMW= \8ZW-jsnڕ.ZnF2qt ً[ٻޘY۷Zm"Jxr&NAfA-݌to9s359݆mZ+N1-qS$D=17 x׵+%_ ve4ir6Z$FDڗnFtOr'7'{9C˨ꤡaYoace{Refnft RR"4%ʌm:Sj3)OdInTO>X'vxV#jܮw9Fog;5.~Y5\~18YQܹvj4+~t7S ﬕs %^۵ڴDZV69R^Y+rj$ԇoJKR5wB9C>Y:l+EǎS{ʲ{T6Wi* ^^9k/y/Cs\g*qڵgn4T8mERr|Ti+iPe;;.i\EBEJ 丬i9ɧM-ԼsGDrZ>r#R>~X9y4b棇9JwV۔%m(b[Tjvl}۩~nDԺ{Zo-YuK1vx.nWuO+jN [ٮ0%"΢CdTJK-RަH"$I(*ve &҉FzB,_Vpqp9m8werv')E;o&QE׵^d9˦j\_,ڵugZȻ̧8k+jK{wmr@3ӭ2 wFkzFVqs1؛.v'I%$[iT]D5Dl2 nk7qUxԫLS+sا3/ΖeZYK<["%-g/kRs:f3;*E ت wJ%)5&+&rw*霣i|sMҴ|;R+fm䡩.!**dӶ-6s6,]zAXMWjmnz%SJߴm2UXw7MQ%<!tKys#P,W>s;3IYwx<+i_\\\U6 u7P|xbn_k&ӓVOe䦒 VUr,-㘘"-LZeOSҠթrEvq8Kf%5%&K"#%vD/.ZYYŏ+p$nZkvއuW9㓱Z G wYIFyf)?ƎUm5ԉ/'k84{KO:rQI}XRuԪ|*lu)3qZ[mSm5R3".Xcَ5c®ࢫI*۳~wRϿQWޝ(EJrri&ۥ^ʶ齲Im|[yb;mnm֩uiܘq>E+Ikx߄3r33-5𹻖09ϖ9[Tz~mr5NsWl$oPusޛ^{Z;);sڹf\3oٹZmԉ/'k84{NO:rQIBø8Bݱ3n֤DiK4u& ofSȒܩx<˘|N0Fչ]qsp"}! QWw@t4ӭ+cO5%]'*{eM߲DRO1y*q8w++e!c߶ܪlZWّM欼 CQ̼빶lX{vib/V/ ai;x6~]+z]MWB>re-:lgk}պ!#9?%܋V-c[z!W?c7YNm/jRr[HOzԻefճ0q15Zp#rkQQ0tU-AmڵP/cȕ?0cZYj;:0ZM=D6g ?'UN+ձ[K ܖB2'xq9{|۫N0ku 7xaj;n\ 2[VznMlWiKbSk))f..)Km)&bGZ=>OR܍W:j'rM'wYz&/鶧{Sʵb"vջq[I-ՌZH._x*BagC'T(Q:$ͳQcMCKy?3g'ߝqnT);qs #ؤZ}OOI:cfnc8W~qy.;^pVl]Hԓ>^H^@7-AA܃nmL(uWܻS߿ Td95Bdh4t6*dDh!EhI[iŨ\L.&Nc ܮf^;$R)\rip9I|ٺ?#R.ZDZ;/]nݻqs\QE9M&Bd ]N mN*D>tgbK>+ˏ.!23]BȔR1ɝ^j'k2ƮqBQq[$di]icV/e`޵B.FIIJqbi>Ӥ|p; 6${)RU>_e}^dzdfzi %ekRVUS?6'hׂ)5.\+qUgzE2C˷ecŏ^֔ibk shesFWJ#~> Wk~ݨ}ڶ>ơǚ)׽ZƉo~B-ڼrvoE:Ʃ3ۣK7+Y`WirS):{>ڛ}:wԨ(J_";6R%[u&ƫdZ_\'np| RJwNeTW,=rrbnkڄ[M3ܴz)3- R.?:okۼ0TU'w{6&w7j1z3ON'fGoO?)S_bQ_¿R(^ԴԴG.EtMڇ&RUiW uQjU> Kiu1d<ѥIQ'RQ1:O/lŗᏩiʂv&Jc{D5 Tt)1.n[n۶X}RjqnOʽ(~[Ns{ސ⛌uO,kgo֢dRNQȄ .'6W!׌P朼tdZjFGE"]K@'i۪N;sI[{SOzk>`rRR+!σj8&TjlvA̷Q?HyjyLHNտJMjܶT۽lG?SnKN%<‘ nq[N0Sq[Ta(&t(|HGO~gvkݻTR4&Z$#ViOY1r$6YF?e4U/Mvxų:zbU^gQQ+NW_'4jfz^c'#`rvrڡ(IJ/J ݦ6 ]-CW |_{v*_q3^DZ}Ic6Uڌ8p7{crZq5ki`)mU6|-Z5^iEz3P=:Cu7DF'k%}<C-޹ֲ̱#\,(f88%X-N(ck0VLR~} G"-8ӏ/ϰKq?(#nrVTmZ;zióM4 m |UT'C^_1X.gXM{%ʤd 4\ovN":"y-,T)fLQgۢr=/CƹǨJVr[a+!rT|%Y\ٱzsS>jͱ.oOc6f$q% ǒGo;n[];ߎjrk{~\VۓNIGn:iqxo |~t5)Rxעri{Vi&NUOl_ѮMfsޕkЄay.0P{7N((BaIP$ K"U6Gl ݙqJRu+qN$ m#*p<|{:>-Ev=86N*MM긭U*uѾ?/^o7;'u,h4݌xښRM:5.(/ \իU.{F^rmF-Jɷ.>Q"[4xT^OZ~mK}T0ݛ^SAo9u?lX(' qj%=X}"^e4wˠ|rܫ 6I\Ķ;Ӻw!'ڍWg{ i U_9Avhۣƾ+:vs/MK[ɭīe{`Zgb}r[i'GE2J7Nez579wRq+Un ]J.cJ4M:h箽Wxxm^ pc\wcN%'My $$| :$Fqɏ¾^қP9J6Wxvu}ݵP>Z'FFdg"-; [¢cmWkÎT8nG%ݣ7*\խCLRYZͤiD&J#'ehbSyXK|y*ӞpS̍R`[pTr/Eg)K+92{_ n3zwz'oŸۤ+sOj J:`T>Cf*lwd\fYOP"R E֢̔L4ɥ :;.b(B02rJ蠟9>V'9M%)IqnhP<%,r'P/vNSwr#w"ݨaqc(|{kd=^0jTMR2ULNz|.<|^PfY22##!,K~E BEJۜ&jRNsHަޛg\r,v؜.jK3)[EJ2ii{KEiHP^&]Gn8x=K}Wx/KI9-ϵwQ%spܾ[^R}S3$qvq8M[ ozKxcqmJ/ӿ{_}7&ݨ\f6ZSyQz& 7ۉ[8~UNn|nkiTB+4RI8'Nc%tn{!]Ȋo.nEmʱn𵵥J A+wy#+ikǒڂ;՛s85'KmE:Ђu""Iģ5p=БbTY-ͽڔ詻ngL2Q}$de# fs^o{DUUsfwӶ;s1T,ǤtޒQ\෼J=.tKU,7čJ5 N$y3kdSMQU~mO[03 $zAڟsF5^뜞"Կ QHmrR"ӳηer+ҔZ]hE-6Jmt'ޒ=O[sQj)6K}?e4v_KfZheޓ=BV[bY}lݒTTЬ{ȫvO_qpRApVŗ 6ju=*BR)g "O1yhb=tqJ gtm\b3RY+JQ^Ō֍\յ\>+uSi{=x ^w;uӘ#ĸzLn*$anok߷CBӷ}5Yqvdž<( "_OWit5:EZj2 B ρ1̊fi[n!HQF82q1牙nqnEpT(2RMoM4ϳOu ':֧_Xjsg jP^(ڙ{2%E͖j^}ZU[Q$'U) <܂%!s"m R'G5M0<+zM6qYm$ڕ$3ǧH]?o2N<8F1̻r_my[Rf59NjpzBnl7*{.QP 3N&^BLJPjAHCK2Q}$#~YMq8 k(MFMU)8MEqTy+Tʞ-ar5yܕOXw!e;q-Jqܶ䓊Y:LC UE{/t>r"lI9)3KJjϤA 6SEE$d߇3KG*En|P\ԭTn6I-ƍKTj<1H_zwGr19wF N8ݝ+a9ɫM6mhePi%mmD! """"""*1bRKrD"vnrM۫mmĽm]ӡiG~e"˩ lhRTMk^MX["Jݱk7_ޕ*DqĒ&flՒ}`W}~SմZ{ĕ~wm*/{{ѹ_-0ط#P]xlڱ~Tn5wi*lڪ (JxioϏbqKYR|!|KN53 OS222$jzww%i}>N)E+rۥ7c$Ofl/LNث\6H9: FY󡈾I)fB֔JI_ ֣^: 9mY{66㒢7Uj]:.-os[R&gMF3˸#໹kmjq^8W"PΦURjʄWa˧T!͋ lW48JB2ko+ /Nw QwQzQ ے%$ޓ7^YL|r7!v%Trܥ &|M8~ybrn[RV gSn{{*#2#ԽᢏӴHak" ӌcwҜw&RJ07ױ>Ļ =^ BɆ)v32.M1=#6%̠tҤnzqMwԣ~s*%-j|_m*.Yx9Sz=)qE4 3pk+,`=kNRڥ=B=nŔNAx)Q$ԩȧ4z3t#Z2lҮYn$S%y- JzGpu|LBV7ZW#;Wwipܷ%(6jFG5#{$D"uۭ~]֫SrD܃fҎӾ+Tu>-ZTQ& N|$沸ii>eRWݳu'[O̻j8JۻEѩ[]vni= ڒ,[_%kC7I3Nv$4ɎЈeٸoUu:[}Do5|zNq=Tre%ɧ6&~DȍF]ƞG5q m]/w/ \ʲr8=oʔe9U(W"|S]uZd#?Se[W"ֿh][-7Nu:T=)R}.;ml*5Dlf $fF(̏T hiIUU4Szɕ t(%_|2 ~6eM;TƗK[f&]LK^CE2[ȏBOd;Mi|cx,^6;sیGpQ\NuJIFTJ~đArh* B"$H쉩eXPRj?sl"ԥ)su]xpԴY%VESH"ЋJǰ K&5^Ukzׄ8kEgS2h&Se\ Yl]WҶp-ZUvi7QS:4byqOo+[̺腋[6-_Fo.6[7$p&^ _GZԸߍkc.qqoI[9m߸YxOZЦ1uoiSH)P9Uʄjcq= S>֙NeR><;+ڌk%_qT].srNO?s[=vH[]RZHRMtᩗVؾ:/~u)ԍdg%=edVrISb{6vSu=(ܥ)mTv/J}̇8 S3ad:^hBSf؉OɔLhI_1d8,L><_A0y3rXq"'(۱;mFNII.v5_(^q~X>y{3צ I*Vܛv/jW' T'NR'j%ꔩ:mJ3SB}΋!-H-RJBТQoedi9tjENenPpke.%4]#{:>mkEɱdYWl\\\'nRM4&U>?Ќˉk÷!𴪛]]5}UqG~ݏI"O~s6(Ļ)qO~h}uԕd}Q~G,oE!&G&/]_H-O=o{k\̭bkv.Ô܈+;arZx)m?M\3lU$mk-CFXjTv6u' g:Vn_*qk:VC A%'4JV%EY)#BғO4<e׿jQQ]yUr4=wm[K1r׵%Iũ-O}|kC;/VcݩWZ)EHdžTru]8hgĵ-;=>U_ InvTm_jBM+QiF"9*{DI/iuo(=TzϖmPQl_v4z>T*ȴ>YF;ε\t]EH4ꌇ[VrLzef 2T^V>g2~kg5~Nק;{~Z~W}&ŒBӿS2$J?~(Yœ"˲ߩ\O]: J׉ښT{mmIѩn3˧)4LdFZ/zUG>U> n 5& ϴ-KJi2o]uKljvK3$bԔҚV旧iY5.ίfi96v7!v))FJM4{jG~Jt/lUE%pTAFe4qQk\ve۽/u/Im+W')v{\-E|Pms7߮DZRr۞/mu*1ՙaB܆ -xg3#6ۥtRogʌU)׎]ZҞNnŞr}F1Nnޞ;cZ{N}ۿMiuxʉ*3qi'9KHQ$WJxXyرŔe~[v5~/jN9Q4o6rJv FrdxM*iRjMzUinHdн7ᾞS=S'7 } ̽zt7K|_g J=Lq+/Bw_\ۧx\HJUPzQ<hqF[V0x==CsU7q|^ {)Iq38$_A(VgcKu06Ƅ"%i~_ˉk QCܣB8Ku/񋇵u([w}$F|8TՠI.E !;RJ^}MɒD_q2];Ɖ{5}*n7nEInO{Mwv}&q+v [V}Ĝ@%>#dXQ$f;iep.GquixVt x6bj͵mlKقQ[T]zs/&yەnM'W}!Fp_d^Tu N{ɻ'l{խ2.sTu{W^H&;1s)Pӛ6>$mě;Łnj= fLT)>׸+qReɴ[UR\L*P/!$Ӊ3Q 'K=m~6XqW3^W+ųO_[F$rR*u"T%@O +%# ]˽!aܽz{ͷvQh쩎]hGތ5ɇ*DzJDRNLi 4:{~2FmXY-zzĽ^f=]uū{/+&c:Ma{ĝDp2m܍kHș/(--m_vݮK(V{R}.k&yƴ7i^4@3f sK3^Ř˸B=]?gt5KbZB<e;kQLpxuWC}n 5ҴepB##~q= `x]KWF {GfŲ}?G.I9pjWkU]>={7q{kO/^I3==f1ɏ%nnʫ/Zu_yXN<57ۍ'vy/"8넭M2eԷ&Y,в33%IkjMr7xf nmQkX4踼>a-GcIeތw&U=-:qnW)z¥j :WqSZvԒ#j"KrIU)%qrmRoDGQ~SYRsu*V)  ,/x)MFD6O#]z 96[Ui(JRfw'y$GeUީkdMF-ݻ98F2d[o{Rn0n-xsV6Dh|Eb2E:KCOӪv4SJCr"J!!m,hRLD| ZYFm/X~ΧfrN&4Ƒ=Z9Mh.Mܵw/BdrܥniŪ8ɧ|y%œ[M=_tj?F!z5\evM:\ ~F-sg钬OWq“iiȍ<Gi%%n2rqͻllƑ)okw7}\Uk-:&fj솘XerV9yZuʼşdFC=rmo%~ZN78X(N)_7.Εn1MpJ}62jjJdI";R5&iLԸc:jmqiQj$ujp\{;v5B񥍪Xn Ą4qOERjzN(Ga٠䌡)p*v(J7#ZۻZ8O W uONb+^Qipv9GvֽƼϯrYƖKGJQDNPhRJjᡧC"21"9ѓS1;R_O7/WGz)8fE%F2ukmvSov/iZ&/]~KmI[:^~ͤ\kMi稜\ywJt3W7 8Ʒ~ݥeFgѼw"8VVSج\뻆}ݭ/J6Q)d|)zU3>k\L=;ow֯gN3pKѫ|wmkZ$z^2R:E)f>ς нd|#׆?\ǔpV{;\$ƵE%-ͪm0S6[n< kE[}mvE4DDZ^$OZ0*$~XUv҅B@^?]so#%ojw;Y#SxxueBگy v^i-)s)zV jC{7Gt.w3v,ygg8s]aE_,*E tY5k٨h=o"m泏:\6w噓aiL׎n^c\75AGkЯ0Lf46َ`egZ˓p/k;̛]kq!ݸzpԭG"}R9Ve>ˏHUjJ-&7nrnwG*Xv\˱/vN}O)ʼn&CV͍f̵]r\PMB-6Du-#RͰtRN^)mT _}nSȕC*_xBuTkJW[`ɩ`ejvsngP ڻ.-WUtܑqԹQj)t;vN&RNũT+8%IXӃ5fK՛-d9 ]CƑm|nZ-6=Hz,*aEm W3VzRšdY~Xf׀Xx"]s;)5u*ُHB BRGS6bݶؿ 9j[1*jױga7oX CUI%0v#~\-O-Ꙛuɷ쏪&5mY٦M`LJ2qK~HZbr =N'YobI. (^ ׾{_ ?OJ`S`3BN[}5w6:ǵ/iSlt=4F*d&T4y/#. ɵim5Uֲf 眕6Y7 fơ=3dϕq뚩$qTM-%r!$@A? ޾V0c~{[{;򥧅a~ڵ»&ڄv1ek=wb MLkNAԬw-x>~/r=e73VeVN)K%Sښe"+3uXuچrn ֺVzscJ峻m}vb㶓n\YbIUBT%*,0nov=;z꣓S/nSXSpl##k9mXGrZv^Gde!ŷRԠzQyjC]`gToPov{j~KRBMY}i[߶9KL2ԉO0K#m>wB[ٍ+n[[b٦DX ݲpo] [\m5qdT()mo4Oy9Ie b][wղmM~vmi۱~t \}$яimRk(L c Cvk7r9_r1 ;zv|F@KyZ[&jEji/"6$69ml#e]9s\{ScL}Ȣؿ0q/nZ*t,CLoD߉Njǚy=Pgmu6^]l-["çUʖMlʍp-"qmU>۷uFOJ%Ǔkx 'g=睋k[3u,{³WɘݪF]ՍeFX"Oy\,cچ=w/gn Ļ]#2? vqy-gXnR.^}ݺFs{ŝG]}e|#0mjx"ƬWكm?rgU^xVB":Dt>@LRbun~ݭ,w+v⪕;\U(RYa61>#Jm˞Μ9g9XKaG='u8gf}'qy#ɉw J]We.ʲ-<+&q%s?2dњztҼn`cΤmmqMdz O[-ߩӲ&;[tmܝVnr">{x<8U+p:Ig]zjGkt,uzf}dؠoJaکqEq -(:d<պ=eKy[˗^%ZXkX[C2߱\ITTLGzANM￵i]K>UsOGDDD.ZF6* ҃V Zhz{'xp^`wo8r0h ZmJ5"jb[l=yUu7-;7IT%:jFjߖm0tzU'K)څNۧYJ)4IQ}^KWm7kSP>q;ނ#)'n7&׊r?óM{IwR\j2Qn[v pe#/tAF\ϵ225q֒om6z})6҅*oqDsMf CNIN=T S2t,_ѧ}kveMF0J\Rnnݙܹy[rUc-j{yGtkQ%s]5qB.Nw.JN1LvR Ui5J ZESQԙr):MJ+g}χ!2;q([jAud][ljVK3$ײSJI=/|&tl'*n۽f.frܥ jQO8>&Z];.|7T/C}$ڋUmP2Reҭ8hFF\L 3~e v\۫]ݝNmrnB%*]Z«hKc=BTLG :V74$=Ǘy+EX'4tn(I:Ѝ;Df8c,k1%dJ6.j6ź{N~l6&*fœI7 WAlGOu-ҢH,,(ǔe뿋쩨kM܍ZſgRvQ' 9)?n|er˭|I|-fGK.rΛp8XV1%K6mvG+tc+qE&ǸC_Nm:l=_/m5^[dߌڇ.c<%:)tQ$Ow~-aY;UJ>=F)2[nk؆?훐M=l6[4(O.]2#-H^n#->&mp5~Fӛ+|| S,xag%qkEUzUgæBhߕP(7]kFnq?֖CpruZ6*rEڊtS|*tI*E}7R<,nUU֫^I7Q*mSly%rdȓd8hE<9oHhMfNSRj[i7D[Rj݊+kდq{"$$H?p\̅S?㭻;t~R߁)^/>Qj`yt[w ԛ;²~+ߔ_ YW~|o]?x^ᯛ `ʼn;g)T@vWn]>&4lp+$D̢1l|ȨF%-}.9[}w~ ԠLM9hСablfe&QoW!s?wjLK?s7yO>(=C~_nyǜu?v3vyo oI@qV-jeES^[9WoSܝh"l2C1a͔CiJ@3:Pճw=/7ovuk+\V;lDgն<[A+rX~d;m!_s8ݖ׷;;.0llUC+?i#_crʙ1~C.\–q ul8Hܶ2m`ܻM3Tov|Bs rɵ"oLS- DКw=Tv@f'6|YlD͓Y%׵-#Ѯo%:&!3o%\J<02;K87>^vgƓ# ;ݝmz^Y6=PS39U%~ &f# }o!muH;ʲŇ˷yvP+&.7e[3'vR4Yj̗IZ`e˽3o[WU{ m[sUbۋZǾۆl6~9'V*.\S2<Sd*zY[aŶ`]C$n.v^Ʌ dng>ەZ,Mmϑ :n6nϦezWqUJ4! ۇ4R! =>>Fn|Q[{pRO17ƕ~._I''00k=b՛o}Osðc2'o\3}ݭQ^2 . R1yKȣtAݿ-uܾw!`?1Whn|gzUo[ECWwjUIן)^h#1ɭ!/Z np;o;ΗŻkXs."6E`Z1 עӐ9Kl8qd q} 2Stt;#j>;խabONŗ=fwP1j)l6J̶|gV2`y/0E˛6+ԫ1? 6}KW c\KoKͨ2ۅFw–s*TԞLיuDx .kCzWXhy۶gLu|%TnupǺl-S* PRaLnT+c+*xl.v!.U=|; !_L̎뱚U=4hm:ٯ"y)$:>%(n}X'p[ȴ ^˒4kƓmzDx \ 'NqamP7nyN݅=j7%McSڵj%STy qXymvCg{w/w=wSW5r̹u erծˊsOm=DhEҚRb#n)QOxtվQwe]I}wCa'"[ۂ-z}2UuKP$㜉ԧ:mc<Ý>RoL?wu|%ҷ&K y_!y9 ??:tq3(UU-lkS'ɸ@jdzQˬR] EVPW1DJq2n:,c|ǻ̑;y{X,ۂ.u.b˕u.tKBjQ"[S園S`ٮdNبeJ&9Ơ ~0a(Vm٘L+Jr*vڑE( x0+tp˕ n';wm-ޜMOxX>{#2%jgb2M[`K*\5@8l'e=0u+w ֘鳾{y܀:R*Ya]"Ӧ%ktynlۣ65,3gU}{GYrb;ge'TKwǘ.,rpܚV]Tr,!dp /ԺU,xՉ>s׽~W5oTh yx?xrrx?)?ilbT׬,z$Ԏ.UH٠\U1pU:]JwSrGZq8àd驐,N67QYBӢD㏙W!Q25ϸo9ms-7-%3CihO.J鯽-;MZM8ku-7k9S$8]q2E(}bۏI[DKOK}3KUB^u %Y,u.-&f#]'܆o$x`Yu,dzwM;#oKxn;\[d7}Rb+*Y䛂ZuBӱl{j0O̓}LhK;[aֶaGL{Cb#S.T[>߃F]NK"u^LUʐ_ykW?!GRj29͖qa'0[npcDvV)qz9R)PۨM^aJx W] r>];eN3vxdmĘ(5W2K1䪖weF{mE/QP6\u54x5[hۮ-Nk”i[lUgL]J}5 S:EhiUrgHl!ŒJ$pe=q^b͵Q' ?6|R\,JA ڵ"TDꈭ:ymg`B5t%M] <N_zv2_Ortٵ/i/ReӮ*7[qүqEG* m"[I:6e^p"I$jԴęh!m)]GZkcjS!{e^z}+Cѥ9;R|/ֱeiUԏCNu2Zhcٗg$ݭwvr P8*7/Lk~I'Km1+MW%Bk|oOm>-#qj*|Dbѱkn|n{v#jĮqNpMIUm(7Liz;{ҜݞڝVƚVϬ+sO!OstGvxӉ']uӎ4g_ 1^-8ۦ k!)Ύ5O;YSB#2Zzχ;<.ֵOtge~.(RC#wFZeGZٸ6FFJ4e2ˇpJT$[wgV)q6muDGJ56q\I!̗ y/I~RtJ9kJ]Iy*'FN0s.[l!fw'y(7$œ WƫgyΙdMEU JQJv̋vmrۖ.jWR_M֨djYgSj0^\y'EoECjm$ IƩK>Z28J2TiJ2N#}.s cArl嫶nB.FIJ.)۔\ZiM>/hLĸ=C1s[?YMqp|94- 鮝𦔽/k^#NT(Y LS$6˩}{;5 )B۷W$qpN)qqoot}ZDVә;7TiK|6f3h$dԄ}fqݡ>Nb򗉉+ͶO]>ߡ_VtYf79ڰիF sq~prս|QM)g%l0ocJȨHz V;Bb/kLAcfPJ,ԭ{ƍgpjNR6VSI*$!yV足jᇑ.](EܣqM\qJ2eZT).<9UB/(B0j)mtKEj#׿fDI-=rZړj|'Nڤ]k*i$5qt"ݙPM6E4ke^Z8ۏhz$Q(R Ay2zfRñnpnkbkI:=j &ΝșW?׵d{+ύM'??XqeeĽ.[o=UxFS=ӷdZwenՄ]_X=ĭVa* pKs0ބۍfJ3 gz̚i|wnxtjc¼5${(1fXQ65ȼb̶Zkn>%FQMJXӡ{TZEVNᖣimT/37cNJUPnP҂ZOE~"-Rc4^b- FEͧtf5[)S!OZIښݲ͑;tvܡ+N)AR=hCNn;wL16-:特7M$=Tҕ-.R[HٷnXk sn[ҞD-0WS9p9:-Ϸ-jѬNu{ҹfv)[Ľvwfg(ٷfe+0mYj8Q1\ݧg]Eǎvڿc!4#j5̋C2"}BRriFp7=ô\TZ:\BLfj#I22װ<;صZl j 6:l"6]۸ K'6RTѯ^ئOԓV\?$x7s#r:Oh{ց=MmuHԷd{pN /܅:UE#Yy+(SgQ(Щ)RHzw>^Ѿݻ>mK&^ '$Jۻ&w%F|xfz%˳ L~3N?Cy9 v w/{ƿ kz3x> sXv}vP"@WyC z`'톽Dw%-tt yVY\wmuPYQA0iG-2JP,6/gˢ]u.-n!Zw.N7Q]Df}Q0({a\@=i_X7gFǘ8^⻲}G MZ1)WEfO12G+=-B@z\`||w6ċj߬m}UwRox֢I &c~XGP6Qndpvܻul'V7^FJt^{b^B(L~sѣ6@߿^xqU!ڙ5|Vpvef-uӥ^3  FSDɯKD%0r}FF穛r7 +o"V8tv̖NQU!5uFd"bCr^bJ=֤fM#ʳԷP0O-9xRBm\=`r-:;~3Tl(nXtXi%2Vٛ#vwqƴ`L@"H‹qW.j,JM5B[)WܺUeZFqc'V˷1W7V̾-MHФwn8N;HPSdݷC7&2j.W\τGŎ'Vb]c.x+Rx1%C2T{myg[qU|+m:M:շ8҉yWd)ՋWS%%:iqlʹmGwݹ WnNŤѩ5(9hTٵDdGUi-)vSs2 2{OnT$Xck n:¶(lASLeȔBjμPpTb2~N2~%^k[ܗ[Jzs0ӓHBKq[}JَA-$dFQgjxxFv4r/x*Rm% `4J(&iv7SkԲmSH1YWmx 8n.k']:Z˭_W >ڃXЩ. jTq%Aā[E}amc]D:rmHRiu:uӚӢ\p(5-q%e)(۬ҖȽIf<߽pr&ݫVfY91q2ĭEQgYbTGQ&,yL+N$[q*RVۉQ=FuTܻ>f>f㋳8N6$܌n)9&»iˤsX,݅܍ȩv+sRTpO}d?Wn/Inpȸ%O]StQO|v5\}7Zwb.AIVK^:wb{[uݯcytO߶S<{8KSRׁH̏N7ۚ[xkwYy_'ZӵF+>쌛ZUĦreE9F[24De{}@:ExWs-\ǻ7K-\JNvEk%:s˙#κ].oͳ;լ7wB6nwu:$L; DkI#Wz.:Xp(˅v$Sq,wn\qIN-e<5Oe+vuYTpcojUI_ާP8 O 7&VL8z$_B-H-[uh]T{|8=qVRN-:Ij:7PUtXϷmy鉿:RIM~33ӸS2#׳GdŲ5+/Bx{(WzȨ5Y㞎#|˖+ ط.|e<o/rߔX>7s}VE.OVti׽ .5nNJO"95{#q}Ay9do]R"M6z\tnNS-D!@3N_jicWsy*5uٮRcWv/.,j}=S)j5C^> Ie =gu9ӛqjtz]۪TMoߧI!Ǧ¶m:,"[L!{qAv-o 3{"KʼnrIkfٶj2ƙ؄S`7` k6jzޞ?e5G&6uʷ2%ԒRKE*G\Npom F/V |C0.q_eenƣ<5Oh'67ɪn[SĽ{ڔjǘzs;~׌(ۂ`ܢ1ƣ` _l9Va6%UQWh~P~\F^ZHR@:ۧCJ{ôGeBh;~ۧnU J\O+n2 RҠ)ng}Kh{5+S×ܛ.1ZjG)iRȤIN 4%{oΜ/eO[Nffd ĹK?nnԼMqX'܌nZvq<ķbFnͪaQ`5 s,M_լ?-@_{w{ӺձJ}GF[%v\5[ŒGkOw/ΜM9rjË%2+rd~+󲕛C9U۳r[aJǭm|˒LAʨSCq[XMۺoubfp:t+ΤĻo ][ zt-*67kvS7D·MMCQXm;)܎n_h%]4ܙnRk!]ڵsDUF"`R, &#R_*[z*ZqFXɻ]7|۵w+'pFDەs=r./ᐚm3Hשy yD"jHCr':sA65نѮ^o1V/ f;nFr3VM)e*- s D'H݅fӧ\*޷[k<7u<-]֍Q8R h|p=WlW3s%Q %3l}@U-K6f-NϿu|ڴmWN׮[׸F*mW\%r! C78:޳vBG7ŵ.JթԚ2x)ST!řn~9 W:Wpܢ件{xf8ٳwKE ҰWxVB\qBZ 2wMb[lGSnyԚ~z9ZmያvoN2Afnݽjf>)j3 !;gOYʹK" Wftڎ+׭b*2ϻK>ۢӱeyԪXISUm[z+ugX%0lϏnvg!;t{BqPj>PyvR7Cj]O%+ݲ :qiMj6W}3vC/R=4Som]ŗ=ю, TF6U_-\6MyskwMr&Q\wjKܩyMϣUj0*}RZܷSdY3>Zjqj6TgzpA/M`/Cmл,޻feE[/+uk^Vs1W$G(JsW2ٰu*߻q*Y޵.Wi:ur5T),=0uRmho.twܖiYwrWHntvEj8qhf`Ͻpf(R&>Ki%I7$QӖm-2 ~yߗQ-앑/ x[k8nw.c㩵k}]FkbJl:{.(˩n0Hqvαp7 귎.Gupx[N`Yq'+ruU7[ү+>!xrȫoSo]OC# d^Q]\>!ƛGw^Mx"-+%vdX-:M2UR%d>%l ioSu6lsj7D P>XxHz Ukà(n^Q V>5cVtWj SEiJdznyej[lE' 3kuٌNn4JW)gB {4 j6&]' m-(ZMEz8cz>WZ6#7+[,MR-Z!4ܓtCyE|umj1ƽvƷV\;%>Q :#Le(iVz5 4ũۤUWxX ^(ҔsլB2w-V ^R+; ˂M\z+Uwr+RWY⺧~ Q*JcYSNSλUd8in=v K낫k\IRרSUaCFmϿ5̗P|u ZTԕ}>oYѲ1sfP+sQkX8Gb~6r,s>^\,mGL+7[n-E\.Fqḕcl*Jmjb5 ,m]c}NXfeVlǸJ5eˡ$4%g~N p4Y*WwW٧<8v#;qԩTut,m"#Y D\5V`\\Lȋ];LȇiS6ϝZ l>LruR\v=ǘϔDg=ԈdFZ+M{=|,[;0>RiSi4,S5}yxw&(E7&fݙ4UՕ! ~'Id)]ǽu2K-fޭ \08Vڅ쓬=Vy^^ IhyKR-B#Ըr=]mܻӾ'*Umkoy rTqT_i,/8Q^<ݤ|4ԻO(܄"'5N~#m.(Ҿ2i6Uev&I*<}҄$eNtÛzyWJubW^iBW.܅Wڮg]irO6Ve90sgv.+sV޿aޔ[p?3q*FutUo*eL\KM'EG*ZcAFfG5J 5jj=MJ3OK:k˝'NMB7m3uFҕ\-Ywg%PRqMIyZGY9|μvn߻5cWݷa^+X֥vnݘ\v7m>Fgzv"-;Ew֝}1|RjN𿊀7g#֟*GQQ|#/bo]p$>_Un9гUbn9׃ErQBU-^vDmVh'<R[fdHT]*~}3j;nvjc7s-rӳ Y8[n[1pJx kX[Jk9Mn!_Nю6x:iZ˦U |߉^Ԛ݃hYxk &U^bwKk.[jE+P(˞=9j@snCv7%c_7=xǁ<l {t'酚+1F‹l׭:ݻILruǶkL-L(K0L1&>wXB(pm;1fpnlp֓%Skidkt(U +xulo'/ڕeN r=^pZZ:Pnj8Hf"48ijY[ N[yZٻ+=  ø:3 ?^ܷ^Sr#YK[UF?CuhC b]GM')mڏsNrܗI]ljq6VB. W,UK"YX5{c >Iqā> T:n!,5l2VzCl|+I[*SrjnS6٨y+x,@>П.g+!rn9>N|W>OZT_ut Y""v7|sfި;Pclm EùN,{'fNT%U&LfH8~1v>Il}统u6P˗c(WV~H^bMU.o*oOF0N:_:6Smr_.b+|ݶYY غF,mwjv>f*>QM뭱Sd:`N{l/⎱;n-z~"Gze퇎J5S KG9!Gn;N1 ݎ h6m|S?ɂ5'WOÞ 7|7^ao @mxGmi^jϽ>01Mf0լD3-2T. VXR"ɥV Kl J O7|u?bvа;6.eߓ|[1bmRr,eRz`z 6܎-ͨku͹Fː dPhYgZUj}nvX;z=gVեTv_J }\1n7w2J?ޘγc\E 1Aޑzq;\r]]\Y&[nsNei\uURje*Qk2CSl*xJz-xٶlm+|UjUؓ`Ladqiĩ!Gd\W~fz;Tn*PdRM&T4`չSWq5k훶(N"Ӎ% V]֦wb.nUO!u*J&Oӕ2e|Z=eV쫚΅g#+/RW:طnbi*Wyo)p{:ETKؚR(RY+r웓r(IF) VmȵNB:h Q1ғ|u8E]{,'$-TR[j49l*3"I鯴zhd>Q+\BkNF=.$ZR4Nwհ(IpNi.(Gi33#33e$FXK*NdWrud[r{xnk$v2ıh+J1TQ[#JQl[tRO]LHKٮ NӍnF񨔤֞Em'MILB"ԋ%dBŋ+p̿_17jzT~4pc Vo\ƹb9Rq-'1j;8ܗ)hE%DZKS<璸Bu*%*Yw5ڻ9ۣ^z4U; Ñk\U(o~G?VUĎ:?P?_F_Kߤ~ᓾI |pr.Ok\SklRhҪz{­P .}SktZ7UQ4ڌIM8̈eaӊJZ%FFZu,KZvln廐SNFIVtuNi?CM5]+Ph,{jN JSR$IS^tSUVrORYu.9WyP6 [Kiu m!X|]Y79ӄ)\ģ)pbڳr%*&ꑶ_-H*dzk)1 V3')UAϹٶWRxe'պn۫h7AR9 EAJeGLms!%D| A 5]/Q3eb̄vnVn%za\m kZnv([emqrIҕij|""><hjJשvvǕ|Pޟs}V~2&Z?+2N&Z4w@)4iSڪ_>/JN9Hiۏuf8'It[ȲR.hZ$ȋ_Y ~U<UUO*6b)Ovzڜj\R̋.$FsQuҊj^נ䈈y<zZIuP[}Qm=C?zN(Exqu/kn S-FzKZzOסӽjJ\)F3b!r5ٝ|;6 o=-3*λ]αb\abqRi-w޵⦪~b8Kpo)Z=>)ғ"5/GTZLE-輵f7ݘ۹~+&+w/7GFI:l33fg.N~۲\2|*cnermnnM+Fq"ѪIz%j =YW8@~gc/~?N'?)«qȸs➟n=k" X“m֮VreMh2[uݖ] *FܖN)MȐ`f0 g,C9̑o;ddudJ=In13:ݒvvdMUEJLp^,6t-@͐9'{7m{-3,>hnF;ѰM)->>+Ěz!R* :`e--m7nB\u{b U>[8֪]6^ߤLʦ\DFNo$$dͶlgno8OrsQ\l̯hRo8tuNo+ CTxu!2[>ctFpeޓƻֶR"3QrQuOѳgwQr;S~)6HhZw/GgVTmUf_yt7%$];zLWF̰xy2Ʉu!MCmš_0[W6jf#a-KLi+3Q7c^qg%s<1aYIQeZf+}>;S6L0]Yu_h9߻<ƅpmiM$AVvŚ,*#t2.8Y)-Zhshü97/#Oro"u^/uFgWɺ,p:6a,^x%$Yve^3PƗMnTP&yS}OJ '덫MH^:rXԴJۋ/rI;S*,+yz1hv)Qw^ڍJ2oL׊q(\fDj:^T%vOadɂnS}ZO)N*λdaȜkG_PIEO}нa(^iQX᯦-7^)%g'SJx(.S9zVɴZ{E ))ۅi/s7 VIV-|sj0*UBTHIqRf>FP$KqN0 R̻8j\GcC}IUz\i 6F)Q{Gҧ3qSzKj-Az VЛS-zy:8*mNk|D鿓ND2u+0Yŝ7kqm·?8Ib]u>˗^_>(]vӋzv+ݩ){vZrJ2RQ몋C$z [,pp,8mڊbR]Il .f~d/ݓs㓓mͶ{mgjQwn=Oic9ܚm4Q/6ݨ[TƧ?nԶoytf{@AzT{e{[O'ZRZt~AGD?s3􌿂ՉIw'|~U\ w~di:Kޱ)U/sU%njѩ&GSP^ǝd)..!^U` 1wX[aԇSxoFV6_扐)T 2Mfd=ۖͭiZ7KK Bi9%7@<3<ճԻU,},a}FRqɛr i@ONJvK KLN M, ʖv0n-]DwlI-X6ܶ$Jʴh5O+mOI+Ra瞠\ MG7BفjYo1#͖0V`Ѱ2M?c8>-Crt*JkIGS:e#hPKx[鱼>{5m;wcն&>j-M֥^َ) 6yȜl_w{-ō̱r> U=]iw3)r*]:K]6BdCTZ|>gf}LW}[$'Y5 &c -j.z6R 67MԷFMnÌwI7w5E}o޽+K ֵy4܌ȥW"COyR[q5Ӱ͙f[v"_#q{MV6܍3"u9BK(41ӯqˇc${ߝCi6I(OmθzҜ5k^:>Jzw.>qV8{vU[ڶEm|DžBz].KHjI]x;Mɗ{m,qZXr忇2u^RO2Z}ZێS[2Jen!*NDcrBUً4<ǼMҲs1Zw57c3&ĖڻzmP*FuJG1-dN:|OU}ҵgi2t~F^^Z.VxjvŧnNNh<:]^~NN+ge^g.SԔGFe߯'[vn'(ScJ]kܗ7eJOlRrfziݮq̋S"\*U<*W]k$FջV}? 7g#֟*GQQ|#/bo]p$>_Un9;l S VvQU%OLU{οmU6bZ1MTx%!֙Q7, J=!3 ;Q,ڌ;6ͱ݅q^&ߔ·n #WbwӖX.HtG)N&d̵zpI,n cu ޖUj+VXUp[w]N o.J6Z8Ts&utxln;~HPHS/xw`G\ʡ¿rj Z^vt"[L:SD\h0sUwR,}[x^X,R2Vn< ]2YDr[SRKs8tXb̷G?Ps Tv 3be,zVz D[/I.KOEQrm'$7|[J>r S`5յwT#\w1FTz\Ԛ &"ׅhSHrD\'r]~/>p;:Piuu:"9ő=tTaS7V2rӷk7mb[^WmPp*[y.Þ6f]cizJCgRR@UVl큝.WJP1N{/\whZ ػϧӱE7|E֫Sί.x-Y&pi%v''-x6r'Ws*6=DwwUu]=C?MK [yrtܒG$!WGqJ*%SAz ED[^)/tė/g=#Omd.|^n/sl׉g DZqemqowݮRzUܜ=ڽ-o/Iۖ;qVʘgPp|mm;6zGl9.8pwWgsJ2qPbe}}UpNjٯ}7TMQKrؽtEx%v w߾8%|j;~|}pK]ơ/ w߾8%|j;~|}pK]ơ/ w&~e_H 8PL7:%ʭ5Kw&U2vwR_+rm'}C7#rWoO&HoG?M$UR7{FU]u ;# !Wk`|W>׹潇9Vn)6)*ҹ{%qV4q>W1vi#T"Qk&GwxcJBJ- Ϸ^ˁxkU}ԣ/3.;]J=<*)cS)ROK9H=,r zX @)cS)Da^ԽQ gxJI=w֣gf*TRj

2Research Group of Consumer Safety, KFRI, Wanju 55365, Republic of KoreaJFIFddDuckydqhttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ Adobed     ! 1AQa"q 2#w8B36v7XRr$9bCt%u&Ws'(xy4T5fH  !1AQaq"2B Rbr#u67Ѳ3sTt5v8Sc$4ĂCÔ%UӅFV ?_Aנj- H>>,m*>fzp"TrKkr^r.|_&]|*vPuܶvoQ1mwVJUhu-I"=LniAƕ8"۲ k*ҿ[yu:.vUQ+)%F DHyVBk>Hy8jݹ q~9D4KRmzQ)^ʔ.J%k_tVi5NTjg!'ky|5asOȻ)R۸ߩFMԿ3L4j6dڜ#NIwUF]JqB/(FafJRzq3\G՛ ?~\ 6)6W4m[O^L0E&rRMض*C .]Unl-1 1r#Rj/&QɈ׉˩s6Rj=5Tg.y.·Pӡ:JJS:C8-2u]d&vUz;7p9 5VnL֢"y)">iי(IDDd| Yj0; LRfS:ktYK%*N2^m|&dğth":ey)uPQZW)gcC3Pv&MMWd&Ŵ۲mvTRoժM03*F3Yd6\8,\hݻ kߔi<k NTwSԪmljj[>->ptU%'LR>&EBH$MQAUx[$Z6vi&_a.KIQ{hyƒ j"JOC9eFҝfj;˚Ω<[3_m% lQ@4g=5$(J]Yc-OMq<Ǎ wSzڗ)k$7VIP붾ͯnV+卵*t]iЎD31~SA1éC2u)ʼnQn-Uoi3:grI8ؓWm*G zܕ)ZקJ}Y YlGeJ6cB2I NS3Q>k=KTBT]W6+SOXQgGR? telˊ%-Re\hѯ2TF"C/OJΩ6r[N.0{SpljjX1“jOsӥ;ҭhe}xu`Ք&.)yO̒ Fߑ.$Qw;9Iw2o+RVJMSOj[SoҌZ%;`d$blQ{Ro{Imڌ>3egf\O֝Uzx"䢸g+mv%Gʆ:|V[N'&ס-ޝ'kfE|K,G&˳98Juin/\\Qݿ̋v~Ǩ!rtWU d|E߫R4d}.qPw*Ӭv5YEcn~f5c%MTMkb-F>5JT,})QHg%{("ӔȸWMsYyWNRrkkJr0XドnͫT}r-jj,Ŕʍ\Q2Ri>v$5!]"JB2WɅ)]VԜUc8i|.jeRO6^V.¸ Q&#|ܶ-*uOG%JAtRZRr]FFG\۩w+?'zչSѧt jz>KW&ot{7P&2D;&\\>Q2JzܗAKSfeNn[jRrԕf6,q,F1tRfԗ>vֶևj-&R'Zi2=xv~Elbsvm8=ӛ"ū񕜈BȩlWau[]ٷBߨF~J!|Ipr3R̴#Yp)={7:G{+:\W}n|Q#%)7^-h"Ƒq:M*%J&$T軨I333׎g_- ucBwwjp[6i25$̏bU’ٱRv?G\~#Iͪb7<<}Ezt" q_Inw,7-d,G÷%T* Wg1"䥱kq/A.,_KhqŒxwvo u2ۥۧ.bQ}XκA$֣ +K״ZUNmڸII{.v{5z5ѮRme[moyƾd~cRݾK'j.\i&/S6f|b=5: p!6i_ 4j6=.si˧eƾtS^c.Y^RJVS-Vi3,esi08?H$GvZgg?gi䤟2adw릿:"۪lkSN>q-4kI܋ێe̊qۅgDoѨ9; #T.Q;7#~_Ufstb_'w~Xw1Xk,vcOt._}v}8"(4Z\ۘgk?J?bm_c!g{HZV]Fkk%~gEt)b秴vΰB|꽸}mp~E6ݹv;7P٤v+ri*3Ԣ|'O14_~7nP{7ZU\Vű[ +7󖱅o#:ǥŬ\|3r%TJX]V7ez¨Y]lc|O3V! R zbJ'PnGqVJ"19WVeOF埜EaEJωqCN5Z g-9[S<$sUK5b|7sn\7x qmv##FF\ w[=-43$^ooVSiXօv7iB۴yg>]Vf"r$J3""32!Zh[K%7GvNLs+4nB/B{vlsobJaҺJR:0g%&zR\ S3T[&ִor*ⷳc3ʊO[iozW٨%$gn:ܶWwFBԹjHP&z u&F2\f;ipW73 [; '_̽b;vib!oec dC-tS__$Xs]l9&z$2/N>%'[}b{h/{`{Ji׉׏ YJB/X%}.|+{(S:qz]4_Kѵo`^tY_4S#* ^zvݾMr+TrkQ g.8Ͽ^i>ӈǙvix>$o( ^qt*&t1oJVu-ql5U6jCЉmĻ*"?JT=K'O/|=Vo}l0b}}f?X[?/\JSBe,kP8ETJ==?.p5ފgbU9}ǶdNKk—_$8̸͓ۍ8Di\BԿ-1v{FF]|.^ۅ{vl12׏z7-R7wE?\nh\jN/Kձr_oBw"N QMBZqe-m:ӨSn6j4%!hQ;sv'm4kcM=!8\m[M4{SMliۇ%eֽR&N:{2A8)THLK3Zj[jPBx#BگMf:G1\`edcʮ?|w(-̮vXt,bW2;.ιNHRR#YwTM"<;mk\.foIDjmlJ;vxy7o7i\,KQŊ9d^Mmgc L*.T6tLeIuOH3SJQ3=F/ʿ<9\JM6mN6=<{xkP!F1QR[I$6ُimXu2An2yԒMU q f[IB-'䤯jYm52&JG\zд\~vdg QtHGXw&1Lw+nDEdC1w|YJmvP)HZ>i0BPβә?R:QO["]I_Jʏۍ>QKyu^bycBq4lXF~l [\*N>-J6,Gq(Zr5h]CwYӤU~ʶߑ u*SIv%ZfJ7)! FS*s_\|IŸZ)J ]ܜi4"z[+Z,MOZ))}|Ʀ(RUNIII.S'ˍO~˨rn}M)xxӕ0 eyҵ7YMAB]ӣU:/ѭ*6bcwP͵ "+qēVjŹO|GtY4V j[mLV M -m>",B$ GD1~j6O4|LxnNmqATNR3ε|DŽa[fmn-ڭ+FiK7Pcm;r5 l8r{#-]'nrFh2ruycb;pW=njRqRJ(d mnpckNnʹ+6]tz~E=ʕ l ZZ5jSi3#47.Lcfe`9؏v囜.F\-UZ:*0_<Νu9Lӵm&)_3\^ҹ3"1n1v_|uRʞͫr'iȧN_kH׺8xXrj=\МH)V\ˬ.Xʸ oVRC}ySU9/OBY먌5 ٿwޞ)rw8Ӫi5*5ZΗcGƱ !ZۄlmpjJ -l <R̵/JAպZuq\IdUS 48wXJJtcg4cI~aqߓwŷrm-v)G7yS^7H^-\mŌAq|"m9IBnF㏉9[N+mmy/!KKۉ%n +BdddfFF6FQRN-U5;Sv'm4kcM=Mn)\qιqUd9F%",6MGdT%-+~ f%+y֛^3SrF>6lc(֪vۊN;g._0Sѧ]ETWرkQKzGe9ʨsKA"yC y2\[5 rԭ7Gk5Mzw_4sM3hxЊ'oÍ5jsub )ͪ~tR2H]R͍>̋m6=%(˿(Wrr-܅y5(ܔJ޺YunW̹븹NsqK ]/QR#"ZMDfD|43Qw|._ԡSqTZBg??O Ϥ)/E_U|i}2 9Z?¹0:x'3,whǣ?C y-A~=daJј&M?D1_PS+Oi&;a @;Dž7[ zZC"bv:jjMQk$M RԸ3uA\=wI.AwC"^.{?-\NSiˏ"b}T/}q/ o.1M}R%:-ZniʒL$SgrBW*,Mw'N\ɇ{s\j]VryG'8f`}'N<*/`U숻z CwHq18J+vԕKss4R53/&XTt1bZƟo\=%nO)h$rBi-nKĪ^ ջڜlwkYm[̑+/QrZo%TQ;TLs($2C:s.%+eoNttq۰kK7O0m_t_pZ1SsSM7"mevFZ[w -FJ*T*jФQRg BSu|]g:ɵzjqwmltL.e3sRMچkSmjkmWœިm++¦'tILk*բQ D,PB\lI[9{%Gb R6öۍmX-MaʉA931cs..G4CujQտ[9 }G-xwl)IQz j Ó"rqe&=]꾧֎c)<kӳ+0JrRR3'TnXi^xMF Bު*tIL.[h"2"nKzZe'ZV/RrNYz]8죝n]Ķܩ>^Ժ]u-7^\mZjܣ9+Rmn ߑv?oꋘ?&ƪy^N4o=3-ؔ̿*`}V݁ ƒPu8%$ ݗ]wt;\y\>='OjPIp/nJU8{϶FNMsf"ίNqƹ(+ ݮF2Km |jܴZs%zf*eȫ?]4)I۵nR&FX + [jDh(#哑9q9Eծj8noǕZf\J-l&Z˫}`ӎhyrΉn\űn]9pʌӣ"׮Wt?N4_I_~54#/my1Xr*척aS#DT >q ssΛW;3oUaJSRMDgQnt:Ql,/ ܷfRqiM Ȼ>Cob;A>ڦWقM9X~/!'MW.}Vrߔꔵ!5|iB(0-zF=}okڢE$^wW~nokY߮\6՜̌{i-AF*9)\t9IV6۸5ZUF6R$ŨQIq砳YUZ]eyv >hI櫥N )&l JulwE1GDOuFN2| }馥uC1rޫV+^gdb&W[4<^e4YW,d|htͮsUM)۸8:{3d{AѢ)~ \#J=NdƮꮓ90 |1K$v*?мS ]i$J,C,SG?/_՜pMSƯM|mG1V1$~K>CSvkuj=&) -,yLjuFHK{c駗.SOua;BrSqj-ۍZ#'Jys7[g2z/.u4+XV2VQ.ޕ)$"(%)#Z7suZ%j }BǬݕe)Jvz8zJf:hIN|svO1O#IEcۍjݽ:SdὮvu^@:o^5cs>i/VqmVm]ؔܢn6'vޑ̗J4Wn@OlKbX ;n:hgJ9ŻyǑz8f܌q&Y fN0N;[69 rbׅC2/#kE l&2~èMR.*%g=Ft.%؝e8<.e=Uv{~㻏"EˑnvDѭ͜Lu3u0:U֝$[M5<:oi+V4V9 6nXvx&_ q Qqw3W:uϔ2yb/(ɳ|5zQiJ#r|Hw#.W?4aDŲ\ugWG;Cw鐢K|xg)##=O.dF˟jMUvWĻsr.z]kPc9"]R)mkfOd*uYf١RsB Aîh=k]ʳUrrZsq`d#r$/Ը3o^&lRWȍyuW̦Y4QDUMJ65ƒ[+ygk XK_±k#y:8(TJOSQhJt2.DR}"5[) r)6V6u5k:eXZmv𭤔!푊Q[qQ}ҹLE- 8qIZG|UM4j}Mܕ[Vwm{} Naqµ"ԈM zOpKѰ?IAD3Ir0'/q1itoB5{%wkOBn-ۜduqIzYK60{+DʕܞqIt";r1mG/\/ym[6JƫR \L=S=OT@Ix[TMm{>ݾտ֒ݸӉLYIx>+"JVNzx||5rI?C{oz8۹e\R-^\A2F R+N9 vlT]"ۭ d)t֞i #E2jB@׵=#/N+!ĕhx}I!cM`ąZ*ŻɄҒ߮Y.Z}='/oۙ3IpW̮hT7cTSuz9>B}΄&h!>lӵn~j˅IvU.'v'CSZw8QK3G> ,J59ٷ+HSg䧎hJdzvwv-cvxS5[̊n~ؿ%ַX?O0\6ne 6kn9.ϯ} *h 8_QhLݣ7q +=XBҲ5?[[)+F`=4 }B,sNg==u*Nj9k_GJ)+R~GSPBȒZ:(K]heL=vKPӢwq(NrG^ثϣ?#tC?.ͼ[ۅo؞y#%ǛjVyLSw%T*s92JTM%"YkQО.q)gCͲn8cgi6j1MѾ[{9h^vƘǚםidfi.^RHmg&rׇz:}݃}xT$ضk'5s-狶,\vpbPD،=Okf.c#cdz2FK5T!&)|ntD<+OŹU i-G[EE*FDfeaf2QƤM\UG_{ǹm%\yrGy:.\4wjPGUJޕUV7Do\7Vy_13w;[?c]H\$IJ,*L]3b%L{y.JRKG2sq,B6T}(#nW|km+q5] r㪍bJ@y{byz,b踊3ϻJ,'^xd،)JVw#.Vټc''ÝպWtbRؒJz۠8!o9IۄS95E9ؔ-e9JR{dmnｯ<[~n${~Њ$W?&ՐY_? #a.ߑv?oꋘ?&ơ|y^N4o=3t=~7!/M3>n8W홎2M`Qx+ z qy8%]7_~540ۦ彷]Wq CѡwkďyF5Dum_}~P(5.(X,K9vᯐ?leB9;Jhm#3{CxGE-S{;@Fz˙]=O'!ɿ]' r`:7'2bЖ>Iy,/eTy/V<.H?UYY{\^#ѣr9^7?xoRȆ7EoS_&??zϾM?(~Q-K&>"~aߨ t7Emsϛ+?;fCr)fY+>z$tIkjn_>vnrֳki-˹l= t;'EyC¥|/BLwBJdgjۛ$s S1|ɍV%JI6KvəhzIlBYɒ|0"Sy0F>eo5W)O+X˻u';v)2vVq۳kۮws?UʑBǴYO漪e2MIjPAک\b1)DDؚKm6ZWΨgȕ۶yjڳ 2ضN[C[|r@9Jfo<_eI7q.|cÊV߷:i.:$ȋ)1%%)ADZCEBxJ0MJۥy(bNsKM9k43IwNt.\%N簤I'.j|ƃ2$grBEٌ\}9:v*!n7M(ɽ]7c@XxƱԨ37īf62cTTfFK]9wntQHͮvٱI/f|j=7}\_V5U^+:uljSȃY(XI.ȱmo1甅jڎIZ2>#\*:gY|4k\8ZwSqtyA!+];бޞKծË¥e)#5ap.QK^8VdU{*ѽL\=qmjnB5>{ Ӟ`v±5 ^k&O~Oshɷ,;6nOW>u6{RqS`)S%jp\ipdEBLfTWy$GIYw~䲭J.1vSY5z.V>^+Ǎvc.I[R{QsNR3ӎfhd>y?UJ*}~[e\i5U^͛E]G_FS(Iɿ]i8:4zj~շsW,ˆsy:%O}iur]iF5~3M:Ӟ#N06)4ߧgdawIotiz:1r5YDZLHBSi;NQc44la=Y kQIT*ըl:tq2(է9VO4뒳܂~2rq'nrVZŦ[t7\oլfb/mlpc.I8콚q^1iE~䰳mi[dۧw֤ICfdFeCsg:i| 6擣׋* 96lust^{%99UNRvaMܽo ammi$em4D6DD\nA%$$#}۷/ݕr99JMն[oT޲E"KTaP+HGkŴj5TM5xƱOS-k`ۛkٝWz;{kS}F;~q|~^_|euwnE'pSupUP)V]vE+t =ZRaVdG6= *.ϼnj9:UɷbېmF_tޫgHjVS'śǕًdkkѻ_]Kv?nT>)^e=Ar1'3ԔILyD?:-^in):{7.؂\.:V }#뺾.3r̸*xbFM aȵz 6SQ:ײj[ 8nn iFMw rR"5M5I旘35f^j='j:nNW.ʭocZvZKV^ɚJ.cM1ZI7E'6rg탸5oZ=[m Z`\hbMUR١Ȗĉ):Jin!_7Dй+f̷eKҷvͨBPR(V`y6tw*MRΝcB.ڭTnc;P$8nFvm4(D(R#R-L -2:FP lxZKQc6I("Km%$E, 78uXIFA$RQI$JbInG]c[ֹ:ZM+n^')JmJMJRu{e)7jQDw~%yQl}BZujSSf۩QZ+Dzhd5o%BIc'GZ?}΍:>Ɵivז-%݌J5MqGWTVʦh݇ܟ~Օ_6 n'{3~mϬj'J11OȻn߃r Qr\3y٘+WӍ'WxEs^O3 o~[|7>]]H9݇ZomT@]?5B:Z߂'`V_+/MSKX߆ޠk3?o7y:4R/7þ] iG߬aBRU&?r&/} cQߥGj2?C5Yśe7hU=?+ x龳f-܈czW^7p%-(\D4h{UK&ӡn^m]Fݢ:`δvj俜F+) y[{{ 7 tu>gvrěOj'5 iRg[ͶFjGe n~qT$ci ۚ0oԹc*jL[sVWqj\ݻ&6"WoK:cnWmrv)o>66(F>=W^bf#c zzʞtپy%mՉPël e}J.\Zk4ttt>oEM=q)hJjI=ͥ(%]脼_88ф;͛gWG;Cw~˘$4=uWdĜTثNDkiQL9U*O"4XP`02,Ge-k5$h>ܼ]3vr6!9RQPIVSnM(ۓ{>;/Qͱv{3&-[rc)ܚI$n{Sv3[j00)-D3z}MRzVQпj,T[uVs0\}Sid;r(ݝJ>æʺL&c[jPK0~d(FKÝW\m]GTcF|Iׁ)I3~#oX%vҦEݑؼ5Żv2qAZTE^..M{ʐfȏ2##.R}*KʛZz^ӞN*lPťLf\G6[WVQquV]XAi)5J!,$iJ6o$tPZc;Kjx_n3`qIelV~vLy{fn匋Ѿn%;zV.n'-ұdd2߽1bZksPe3TI9)$ԩIN9Vơ\=2885N\ p)/a柛w9g_lױo8ݷ iixJV& ғRi{N^_oAŮE6Y7I$Nk$|Q)-*4Z)^¸%4Qm [I%.c-OV+C֧R#%ѨCe3i;w$G+_dy| Fzj$DI(=OA gj%v/]8qԯNIS*֩',Q%\44ZZ%D|Ǧʴ6&vֵI$%8(ԬƾS&#Z. }6z?b/|Jl{ץv&mpx4Z$”ڝ4-H%dGKfM:sKSRWeJAn]>s6应-W9'H]'uȫYvgK^\czp|My\鏩w/ËQ.)]\QiS`8uL뚛̸=J"ܻi\å'-)54Ue]:K\퓡vK xwBqrH\*֕TnzC.mT=t-H]SČ~Nu╏NÅ3f|͡G~B+Xm[Q7U{9"~jgK Zoʰ7"qJ,ekSeNGgϳ] ^.6:s}_,%eRg<5⿨z{ZPun#jRІ.6g T.!]xa c#jN$Zpl̋H WZu8WmMRýsĮ?Mco~sx TU҆Q :KDG4n42.<3/'^?6/ܠڒ^yrrÿr2\D}}B]^E~^T cɛ7϶Y[<֞[7d}2%QPqOLEQR\CIsj1?\}%tJ0e~ *sk"*)&ۓEi#{1J8Hrt|'ܝRr8)=ƔN'RVz:cf]F7bZyZUȘ4x8,#JG̒?.W9XnO]KO]%]ƻ O5Γ/3qÓj؍/r̺rƵ 5\&m6h.xoeX[=<3%< lZ"2h\Z[&jW3ejm?k&[]ųj+{N{66leu_+lj]q* 7g*knأYv= q ەdxЬZ|%GUrQ3jLŒqET]1% qkXYūYc[7Ś]QY\jko\</Lc7+'hMSUc6qXyؙ~6#ѯv.0$BQi5YyIhɍiy=KD!n3Vm[V%W-B%swa97ajۗ m+9~]fKq|Ddaˑ0A]_v޺mM5* F-BYHJ5}q>ʉ.6hyDmpD׬'-_v5;5[8K[viJ.3dR:oYHHh9I7:۽fi+wm^ [)odPѱ52CZUJicSw\&_s0uBȍh32džzQflcd^m|7GѹE!fO5]]H9݇ZomT@]?5B:Z߂'`V_+/MSKX߆ޠk3?o7y:4R/7þ] iG߬aBRU&?r&/} cQߥGj2?C5Yśe7hU=?+ x龳f-܈czW^7p%5|Y:SJE\U-(a_cƣUǽXXKiȞNlmۊڭڄR!**ܤMeȽ$|X5(Ź\rJ~ܮ]>'HB0cp XFr_c?f?7<ukSgov¥iG>>䙗i.+t+bOjIܶ . i^:nm}s}(3>NZ$2Qg([".>i.ƾ)B̋M8+"- >eE6DݥJnJˣt׻ 5.˅nJGwZD~!i۶a,Db3ZQ3O#KO5/֍ozuK'GbRi᝘NV_ҝcvם ZoX}F6z 7e5_e:ۓj=AB+iܔERadMBq*ԯ DwI/Gy*mĥiRKg6skY/#SN4e$-yXM YL?^ĸNNӪ{$r1JJRSLO]Aqm>V/s[~i/j+m>z}eI"Qvp]{ZԼ:{vPAG2=T͡@ڐ#u"E*>C;o$~C#_d/HBq^YRٽzIKbOm\~żjFFGdiQ(*/i*#.FF]©m=BmpQQQSP&Ҫ!T&^>:y)$ˑÐFčI Bӡ-t!bM WҦŶ'UZ=}zvn~oT/\ǒ'nr8 AJIӆz<^uߖ4eFC1i+v!3qNyߕni?4JZlmYFXFۼO0B\m[ tʄU3s"Sr(NJ;SKW72L4̏BVdf^Ҹj\]ȱ۪(ӷm?J-KEmWڽ^4<8qu%9pŹW~877ܾeVгS(յe^C]yX͹! םm4FGȋ\y'Z FX7e)|Gjt߹#gb\ŧq_([R8[qU$Z (ʻezV2V!iQ,i$JE˂٩ a(GK'O{vnBvryRd-RK4=qxZJMl_CuuIz @Rt㮽޳!|68\-l[џ84-2Pu" RJ_^OL>G1~XnBŬw6J0*Uvlږ1N G1q9IUm*'oWu][&UyYZbBZRZNfEJf"+2nF~Eû7n1xv.RUM$6 lAxSQJ&n5ܞwlEói"#>4׿Q.nEq7Oko[1wg8ZQwZYiqtm&~">Bo?w͡ni2峋NCEy Ҕ+%ZJ ʩq*fpˤl,~^Mχk1+:ݕ z&Y`KLӪУDr3[*Z :(SL&ݻ۬Vqsyԭs x|iI߽zZrg.:mp%6ԜvgmpIUt;QbS.Է) ǨKSV,*lڌ|5Jt3#NP.=+OZ~/G سIgbꥹJnl_DUM\iM!֔wVZuԺ,yV.Q>f v:݇WiaŸN5Ҕ[M7SsrvǣrMW= \8ZW-jsnڕ.ZnF2qt ً[ٻޘY۷Zm"Jxr&NAfA-݌to9s359݆mZ+N1-qS$D=17 x׵+%_ ve4ir6Z$FDڗnFtOr'7'{9C˨ꤡaYoace{Refnft RR"4%ʌm:Sj3)OdInTO>X'vxV#jܮw9Fog;5.~Y5\~18YQܹvj4+~t7S ﬕs %^۵ڴDZV69R^Y+rj$ԇoJKR5wB9C>Y:l+EǎS{ʲ{T6Wi* ^^9k/y/Cs\g*qڵgn4T8mERr|Ti+iPe;;.i\EBEJ 丬i9ɧM-ԼsGDrZ>r#R>~X9y4b棇9JwV۔%m(b[Tjvl}۩~nDԺ{Zo-YuK1vx.nWuO+jN [ٮ0%"΢CdTJK-RަH"$I(*ve &҉FzB,_Vpqp9m8werv')E;o&QE׵^d9˦j\_,ڵugZȻ̧8k+jK{wmr@3ӭ2 wFkzFVqs1؛.v'I%$[iT]D5Dl2 nk7qUxԫLS+sا3/ΖeZYK<["%-g/kRs:f3;*E ت wJ%)5&+&rw*霣i|sMҴ|;R+fm䡩.!**dӶ-6s6,]zAXMWjmnz%SJߴm2UXw7MQ%<!tKys#P,W>s;3IYwx<+i_\\\U6 u7P|xbn_k&ӓVOe䦒 VUr,-㘘"-LZeOSҠթrEvq8Kf%5%&K"#%vD/.ZYYŏ+p$nZkvއuW9㓱Z G wYIFyf)?ƎUm5ԉ/'k84{KO:rQI}XRuԪ|*lu)3qZ[mSm5R3".Xcَ5c®ࢫI*۳~wRϿQWޝ(EJrri&ۥ^ʶ齲Im|[yb;mnm֩uiܘq>E+Ikx߄3r33-5𹻖09ϖ9[Tz~mr5NsWl$oPusޛ^{Z;);sڹf\3oٹZmԉ/'k84{NO:rQIBø8Bݱ3n֤DiK4u& ofSȒܩx<˘|N0Fչ]qsp"}! QWw@t4ӭ+cO5%]'*{eM߲DRO1y*q8w++e!c߶ܪlZWّM欼 CQ̼빶lX{vib/V/ ai;x6~]+z]MWB>re-:lgk}պ!#9?%܋V-c[z!W?c7YNm/jRr[HOzԻefճ0q15Zp#rkQQ0tU-AmڵP/cȕ?0cZYj;:0ZM=D6g ?'UN+ձ[K ܖB2'xq9{|۫N0ku 7xaj;n\ 2[VznMlWiKbSk))f..)Km)&bGZ=>OR܍W:j'rM'wYz&/鶧{Sʵb"vջq[I-ՌZH._x*BagC'T(Q:$ͳQcMCKy?3g'ߝqnT);qs #ؤZ}OOI:cfnc8W~qy.;^pVl]Hԓ>^H^@7-AA܃nmL(uWܻS߿ Td95Bdh4t6*dDh!EhI[iŨ\L.&Nc ܮf^;$R)\rip9I|ٺ?#R.ZDZ;/]nݻqs\QE9M&Bd ]N mN*D>tgbK>+ˏ.!23]BȔR1ɝ^j'k2ƮqBQq[$di]icV/e`޵B.FIIJqbi>Ӥ|p; 6${)RU>_e}^dzdfzi %ekRVUS?6'hׂ)5.\+qUgzE2C˷ecŏ^֔ibk shesFWJ#~> Wk~ݨ}ڶ>ơǚ)׽ZƉo~B-ڼrvoE:Ʃ3ۣK7+Y`WirS):{>ڛ}:wԨ(J_";6R%[u&ƫdZ_\'np| RJwNeTW,=rrbnkڄ[M3ܴz)3- R.?:okۼ0TU'w{6&w7j1z3ON'fGoO?)S_bQ_¿R(^ԴԴG.EtMڇ&RUiW uQjU> Kiu1d<ѥIQ'RQ1:O/lŗᏩiʂv&Jc{D5 Tt)1.n[n۶X}RjqnOʽ(~[Ns{ސ⛌uO,kgo֢dRNQȄ .'6W!׌P朼tdZjFGE"]K@'i۪N;sI[{SOzk>`rRR+!σj8&TjlvA̷Q?HyjyLHNտJMjܶT۽lG?SnKN%<‘ nq[N0Sq[Ta(&t(|HGO~gvkݻTR4&Z$#ViOY1r$6YF?e4U/Mvxų:zbU^gQQ+NW_'4jfz^c'#`rvrڡ(IJ/J ݦ6 ]-CW |_{v*_q3^DZ}Ic6Uڌ8p7{crZq5ki`)mU6|-Z5^iEz3P=:Cu7DF'k%}<C-޹ֲ̱#\,(f88%X-N(ck0VLR~} G"-8ӏ/ϰKq?(#nrVTmZ;zióM4 m |UT'C^_1X.gXM{%ʤd 4\ovN":"y-,T)fLQgۢr=/CƹǨJVr[a+!rT|%Y\ٱzsS>jͱ.oOc6f$q% ǒGo;n[];ߎjrk{~\VۓNIGn:iqxo |~t5)Rxעri{Vi&NUOl_ѮMfsޕkЄay.0P{7N((BaIP$ K"U6Gl ݙqJRu+qN$ m#*p<|{:>-Ev=86N*MM긭U*uѾ?/^o7;'u,h4݌xښRM:5.(/ \իU.{F^rmF-Jɷ.>Q"[4xT^OZ~mK}T0ݛ^SAo9u?lX(' qj%=X}"^e4wˠ|rܫ 6I\Ķ;Ӻw!'ڍWg{ i U_9Avhۣƾ+:vs/MK[ɭīe{`Zgb}r[i'GE2J7Nez579wRq+Un ]J.cJ4M:h箽Wxxm^ pc\wcN%'My $$| :$Fqɏ¾^қP9J6Wxvu}ݵP>Z'FFdg"-; [¢cmWkÎT8nG%ݣ7*\խCLRYZͤiD&J#'ehbSyXK|y*ӞpS̍R`[pTr/Eg)K+92{_ n3zwz'oŸۤ+sOj J:`T>Cf*lwd\fYOP"R E֢̔L4ɥ :;.b(B02rJ蠟9>V'9M%)IqnhP<%,r'P/vNSwr#w"ݨaqc(|{kd=^0jTMR2ULNz|.<|^PfY22##!,K~E BEJۜ&jRNsHަޛg\r,v؜.jK3)[EJ2ii{KEiHP^&]Gn8x=K}Wx/KI9-ϵwQ%spܾ[^R}S3$qvq8M[ ozKxcqmJ/ӿ{_}7&ݨ\f6ZSyQz& 7ۉ[8~UNn|nkiTB+4RI8'Nc%tn{!]Ȋo.nEmʱn𵵥J A+wy#+ikǒڂ;՛s85'KmE:Ђu""Iģ5p=БbTY-ͽڔ詻ngL2Q}$de# fs^o{DUUsfwӶ;s1T,ǤtޒQ\෼J=.tKU,7čJ5 N$y3kdSMQU~mO[03 $zAڟsF5^뜞"Կ QHmrR"ӳηer+ҔZ]hE-6Jmt'ޒ=O[sQj)6K}?e4v_KfZheޓ=BV[bY}lݒTTЬ{ȫvO_qpRApVŗ 6ju=*BR)g "O1yhb=tqJ gtm\b3RY+JQ^Ō֍\յ\>+uSi{=x ^w;uӘ#ĸzLn*$anok߷CBӷ}5Yqvdž<( "_OWit5:EZj2 B ρ1̊fi[n!HQF82q1牙nqnEpT(2RMoM4ϳOu ':֧_Xjsg jP^(ڙ{2%E͖j^}ZU[Q$'U) <܂%!s"m R'G5M0<+zM6qYm$ڕ$3ǧH]?o2N<8F1̻r_my[Rf59NjpzBnl7*{.QP 3N&^BLJPjAHCK2Q}$#~YMq8 k(MFMU)8MEqTy+Tʞ-ar5yܕOXw!e;q-Jqܶ䓊Y:LC UE{/t>r"lI9)3KJjϤA 6SEE$d߇3KG*En|P\ԭTn6I-ƍKTj<1H_zwGr19wF N8ݝ+a9ɫM6mhePi%mmD! """"""*1bRKrD"vnrM۫mmĽm]ӡiG~e"˩ lhRTMk^MX["Jݱk7_ޕ*DqĒ&flՒ}`W}~SմZ{ĕ~wm*/{{ѹ_-0ط#P]xlڱ~Tn5wi*lڪ (JxioϏbqKYR|!|KN53 OS222$jzww%i}>N)E+rۥ7c$Ofl/LNث\6H9: FY󡈾I)fB֔JI_ ֣^: 9mY{66㒢7Uj]:.-os[R&gMF3˸#໹kmjq^8W"PΦURjʄWa˧T!͋ lW48JB2ko+ /Nw QwQzQ ے%$ޓ7^YL|r7!v%Trܥ &|M8~ybrn[RV gSn{{*#2#ԽᢏӴHak" ӌcwҜw&RJ07ױ>Ļ =^ BɆ)v32.M1=#6%̠tҤnzqMwԣ~s*%-j|_m*.Yx9Sz=)qE4 3pk+,`=kNRڥ=B=nŔNAx)Q$ԩȧ4z3t#Z2lҮYn$S%y- JzGpu|LBV7ZW#;Wwipܷ%(6jFG5#{$D"uۭ~]֫SrD܃fҎӾ+Tu>-ZTQ& N|$沸ii>eRWݳu'[O̻j8JۻEѩ[]vni= ڒ,[_%kC7I3Nv$4ɎЈeٸoUu:[}Do5|zNq=Tre%ɧ6&~DȍF]ƞG5q m]/w/ \ʲr8=oʔe9U(W"|S]uZd#?Se[W"ֿh][-7Nu:T=)R}.;ml*5Dlf $fF(̏T hiIUU4Szɕ t(%_|2 ~6eM;TƗK[f&]LK^CE2[ȏBOd;Mi|cx,^6;sیGpQ\NuJIFTJ~đArh* B"$H쉩eXPRj?sl"ԥ)su]xpԴY%VESH"ЋJǰ K&5^Ukzׄ8kEgS2h&Se\ Yl]WҶp-ZUvi7QS:4byqOo+[̺腋[6-_Fo.6[7$p&^ _GZԸߍkc.qqoI[9m߸YxOZЦ1uoiSH)P9Uʄjcq= S>֙NeR><;+ڌk%_qT].srNO?s[=vH[]RZHRMtᩗVؾ:/~u)ԍdg%=edVrISb{6vSu=(ܥ)mTv/J}̇8 S3ad:^hBSf؉OɔLhI_1d8,L><_A0y3rXq"'(۱;mFNII.v5_(^q~X>y{3צ I*Vܛv/jW' T'NR'j%ꔩ:mJ3SB}΋!-H-RJBТQoedi9tjENenPpke.%4]#{:>mkEɱdYWl\\\'nRM4&U>?Ќˉk÷!𴪛]]5}UqG~ݏI"O~s6(Ļ)qO~h}uԕd}Q~G,oE!&G&/]_H-O=o{k\̭bkv.Ô܈+;arZx)m?M\3lU$mk-CFXjTv6u' g:Vn_*qk:VC A%'4JV%EY)#BғO4<e׿jQQ]yUr4=wm[K1r׵%Iũ-O}|kC;/VcݩWZ)EHdžTru]8hgĵ-;=>U_ InvTm_jBM+QiF"9*{DI/iuo(=TzϖmPQl_v4z>T*ȴ>YF;ε\t]EH4ꌇ[VrLzef 2T^V>g2~kg5~Nק;{~Z~W}&ŒBӿS2$J?~(Yœ"˲ߩ\O]: J׉ښT{mmIѩn3˧)4LdFZ/zUG>U> n 5& ϴ-KJi2o]uKljvK3$bԔҚV旧iY5.ίfi96v7!v))FJM4{jG~Jt/lUE%pTAFe4qQk\ve۽/u/Im+W')v{\-E|Pms7߮DZRr۞/mu*1ՙaB܆ -xg3#6ۥtRogʌU)׎]ZҞNnŞr}F1Nnޞ;cZ{N}ۿMiuxʉ*3qi'9KHQ$WJxXyرŔe~[v5~/jN9Q4o6rJv FrdxM*iRjMzUinHdн7ᾞS=S'7 } ̽zt7K|_g J=Lq+/Bw_\ۧx\HJUPzQ<hqF[V0x==CsU7q|^ {)Iq38$_A(VgcKu06Ƅ"%i~_ˉk QCܣB8Ku/񋇵u([w}$F|8TՠI.E !;RJ^}MɒD_q2];Ɖ{5}*n7nEInO{Mwv}&q+v [V}Ĝ@%>#dXQ$f;iep.GquixVt x6bj͵mlKقQ[T]zs/&yەnM'W}!Fp_d^Tu N{ɻ'l{խ2.sTu{W^H&;1s)Pӛ6>$mě;Łnj= fLT)>׸+qReɴ[UR\L*P/!$Ӊ3Q 'K=m~6XqW3^W+ųO_[F$rR*u"T%@O +%# ]˽!aܽz{ͷvQh쩎]hGތ5ɇ*DzJDRNLi 4:{~2FmXY-zzĽ^f=]uū{/+&c:Ma{ĝDp2m܍kHș/(--m_vݮK(V{R}.k&yƴ7i^4@3f sK3^Ř˸B=]?gt5KbZB<e;kQLpxuWC}n 5ҴepB##~q= `x]KWF {GfŲ}?G.I9pjWkU]>={7q{kO/^I3==f1ɏ%nnʫ/Zu_yXN<57ۍ'vy/"8넭M2eԷ&Y,в33%IkjMr7xf nmQkX4踼>a-GcIeތw&U=-:qnW)z¥j :WqSZvԒ#j"KrIU)%qrmRoDGQ~SYRsu*V)  ,/x)MFD6O#]z 96[Ui(JRfw'y$GeUީkdMF-ݻ98F2d[o{Rn0n-xsV6Dh|Eb2E:KCOӪv4SJCr"J!!m,hRLD| ZYFm/X~ΧfrN&4Ƒ=Z9Mh.Mܵw/BdrܥniŪ8ɧ|y%œ[M=_tj?F!z5\evM:\ ~F-sg钬OWq“iiȍ<Gi%%n2rqͻllƑ)okw7}\Uk-:&fj솘XerV9yZuʼşdFC=rmo%~ZN78X(N)_7.Εn1MpJ}62jjJdI";R5&iLԸc:jmqiQj$ujp\{;v5B񥍪Xn Ą4qOERjzN(Ga٠䌡)p*v(J7#ZۻZ8O W uONb+^Qipv9GvֽƼϯrYƖKGJQDNPhRJjᡧC"21"9ѓS1;R_O7/WGz)8fE%F2ukmvSov/iZ&/]~KmI[:^~ͤ\kMi稜\ywJt3W7 8Ʒ~ݥeFgѼw"8VVSج\뻆}ݭ/J6Q)d|)zU3>k\L=;ow֯gN3pKѫ|wmkZ$z^2R:E)f>ς нd|#׆?\ǔpV{;\$ƵE%-ͪm0S6[n< kE[}mvE4DDZ^$OZ0*$~XUv҅B@^?]so#%ojw;Y#SxxueBگy v^i-)s)zV jC{7Gt.w3v,ygg8s]aE_,*E tY5k٨h=o"m泏:\6w噓aiL׎n^c\75AGkЯ0Lf46َ`egZ˓p/k;̛]kq!ݸzpԭG"}R9Ve>ˏHUjJ-&7nrnwG*Xv\˱/vN}O)ʼn&CV͍f̵]r\PMB-6Du-#RͰtRN^)mT _}nSȕC*_xBuTkJW[`ɩ`ejvsngP ڻ.-WUtܑqԹQj)t;vN&RNũT+8%IXӃ5fK՛-d9 ]CƑm|nZ-6=Hz,*aEm W3VzRšdY~Xf׀Xx"]s;)5u*ُHB BRGS6bݶؿ 9j[1*jױga7oX CUI%0v#~\-O-Ꙛuɷ쏪&5mY٦M`LJ2qK~HZbr =N'YobI. (^ ׾{_ ?OJ`S`3BN[}5w6:ǵ/iSlt=4F*d&T4y/#. ɵim5Uֲf 眕6Y7 fơ=3dϕq뚩$qTM-%r!$@A? ޾V0c~{[{;򥧅a~ڵ»&ڄv1ek=wb MLkNAԬw-x>~/r=e73VeVN)K%Sښe"+3uXuچrn ֺVzscJ峻m}vb㶓n\YbIUBT%*,0nov=;z꣓S/nSXSpl##k9mXGrZv^Gde!ŷRԠzQyjC]`gToPov{j~KRBMY}i[߶9KL2ԉO0K#m>wB[ٍ+n[[b٦DX ݲpo] [\m5qdT()mo4Oy9Ie b][wղmM~vmi۱~t \}$яimRk(L c Cvk7r9_r1 ;zv|F@KyZ[&jEji/"6$69ml#e]9s\{ScL}Ȣؿ0q/nZ*t,CLoD߉Njǚy=Pgmu6^]l-["çUʖMlʍp-"qmU>۷uFOJ%Ǔkx 'g=睋k[3u,{³WɘݪF]ՍeFX"Oy\,cچ=w/gn Ļ]#2? vqy-gXnR.^}ݺFs{ŝG]}e|#0mjx"ƬWكm?rgU^xVB":Dt>@LRbun~ݭ,w+v⪕;\U(RYa61>#Jm˞Μ9g9XKaG='u8gf}'qy#ɉw J]We.ʲ-<+&q%s?2dњztҼn`cΤmmqMdz O[-ߩӲ&;[tmܝVnr">{x<8U+p:Ig]zjGkt,uzf}dؠoJaکqEq -(:d<պ=eKy[˗^%ZXkX[C2߱\ITTLGzANM￵i]K>UsOGDDD.ZF6* ҃V Zhz{'xp^`wo8r0h ZmJ5"jb[l=yUu7-;7IT%:jFjߖm0tzU'K)څNۧYJ)4IQ}^KWm7kSP>q;ނ#)'n7&׊r?óM{IwR\j2Qn[v pe#/tAF\ϵ225q֒om6z})6҅*oqDsMf CNIN=T S2t,_ѧ}kveMF0J\Rnnݙܹy[rUc-j{yGtkQ%s]5qB.Nw.JN1LvR Ui5J ZESQԙr):MJ+g}χ!2;q([jAud][ljVK3$ײSJI=/|&tl'*n۽f.frܥ jQO8>&Z];.|7T/C}$ڋUmP2Reҭ8hFF\L 3~e v\۫]ݝNmrnB%*]Z«hKc=BTLG :V74$=Ǘy+EX'4tn(I:Ѝ;Df8c,k1%dJ6.j6ź{N~l6&*fœI7 WAlGOu-ҢH,,(ǔe뿋쩨kM܍ZſgRvQ' 9)?n|er˭|I|-fGK.rΛp8XV1%K6mvG+tc+qE&ǸC_Nm:l=_/m5^[dߌڇ.c<%:)tQ$Ow~-aY;UJ>=F)2[nk؆?훐M=l6[4(O.]2#-H^n#->&mp5~Fӛ+|| S,xag%qkEUzUgæBhߕP(7]kFnq?֖CpruZ6*rEڊtS|*tI*E}7R<,nUU֫^I7Q*mSly%rdȓd8hE<9oHhMfNSRj[i7D[Rj݊+kდq{"$$H?p\̅S?㭻;t~R߁)^/>Qj`yt[w ԛ;²~+ߔ_ YW~|o]?x^ᯛ `ʼn;g)T@vWn]>&4lp+$D̢1l|ȨF%-}.9[}w~ ԠLM9hСablfe&QoW!s?wjLK?s7yO>(=C~_nyǜu?v3vyo oI@qV-jeES^[9WoSܝh"l2C1a͔CiJ@3:Pճw=/7ovuk+\V;lDgն<[A+rX~d;m!_s8ݖ׷;;.0llUC+?i#_crʙ1~C.\–q ul8Hܶ2m`ܻM3Tov|Bs rɵ"oLS- DКw=Tv@f'6|YlD͓Y%׵-#Ѯo%:&!3o%\J<02;K87>^vgƓ# ;ݝmz^Y6=PS39U%~ &f# }o!muH;ʲŇ˷yvP+&.7e[3'vR4Yj̗IZ`e˽3o[WU{ m[sUbۋZǾۆl6~9'V*.\S2<Sd*zY[aŶ`]C$n.v^Ʌ dng>ەZ,Mmϑ :n6nϦezWqUJ4! ۇ4R! =>>Fn|Q[{pRO17ƕ~._I''00k=b՛o}Osðc2'o\3}ݭQ^2 . R1yKȣtAݿ-uܾw!`?1Whn|gzUo[ECWwjUIן)^h#1ɭ!/Z np;o;ΗŻkXs."6E`Z1 עӐ9Kl8qd q} 2Stt;#j>;խabONŗ=fwP1j)l6J̶|gV2`y/0E˛6+ԫ1? 6}KW c\KoKͨ2ۅFw–s*TԞLיuDx .kCzWXhy۶gLu|%TnupǺl-S* PRaLnT+c+*xl.v!.U=|; !_L̎뱚U=4hm:ٯ"y)$:>%(n}X'p[ȴ ^˒4kƓmzDx \ 'NqamP7nyN݅=j7%McSڵj%STy qXymvCg{w/w=wSW5r̹u erծˊsOm=DhEҚRb#n)QOxtվQwe]I}wCa'"[ۂ-z}2UuKP$㜉ԧ:mc<Ý>RoL?wu|%ҷ&K y_!y9 ??:tq3(UU-lkS'ɸ@jdzQˬR] EVPW1DJq2n:,c|ǻ̑;y{X,ۂ.u.b˕u.tKBjQ"[S園S`ٮdNبeJ&9Ơ ~0a(Vm٘L+Jr*vڑE( x0+tp˕ n';wm-ޜMOxX>{#2%jgb2M[`K*\5@8l'e=0u+w ֘鳾{y܀:R*Ya]"Ӧ%ktynlۣ65,3gU}{GYrb;ge'TKwǘ.,rpܚV]Tr,!dp /ԺU,xՉ>s׽~W5oTh yx?xrrx?)?ilbT׬,z$Ԏ.UH٠\U1pU:]JwSrGZq8àd驐,N67QYBӢD㏙W!Q25ϸo9ms-7-%3CihO.J鯽-;MZM8ku-7k9S$8]q2E(}bۏI[DKOK}3KUB^u %Y,u.-&f#]'܆o$x`Yu,dzwM;#oKxn;\[d7}Rb+*Y䛂ZuBӱl{j0O̓}LhK;[aֶaGL{Cb#S.T[>߃F]NK"u^LUʐ_ykW?!GRj29͖qa'0[npcDvV)qz9R)PۨM^aJx W] r>];eN3vxdmĘ(5W2K1䪖weF{mE/QP6\u54x5[hۮ-Nk”i[lUgL]J}5 S:EhiUrgHl!ŒJ$pe=q^b͵Q' ?6|R\,JA ڵ"TDꈭ:ymg`B5t%M] <N_zv2_Ortٵ/i/ReӮ*7[qүqEG* m"[I:6e^p"I$jԴęh!m)]GZkcjS!{e^z}+Cѥ9;R|/ֱeiUԏCNu2Zhcٗg$ݭwvr P8*7/Lk~I'Km1+MW%Bk|oOm>-#qj*|Dbѱkn|n{v#jĮqNpMIUm(7Liz;{ҜݞڝVƚVϬ+sO!OstGvxӉ']uӎ4g_ 1^-8ۦ k!)Ύ5O;YSB#2Zzχ;<.ֵOtge~.(RC#wFZeGZٸ6FFJ4e2ˇpJT$[wgV)q6muDGJ56q\I!̗ y/I~RtJ9kJ]Iy*'FN0s.[l!fw'y(7$œ WƫgyΙdMEU JQJv̋vmrۖ.jWR_M֨djYgSj0^\y'EoECjm$ IƩK>Z28J2TiJ2N#}.s cArl嫶nB.FIJ.)۔\ZiM>/hLĸ=C1s[?YMqp|94- 鮝𦔽/k^#NT(Y LS$6˩}{;5 )B۷W$qpN)qqoot}ZDVә;7TiK|6f3h$dԄ}fqݡ>Nb򗉉+ͶO]>ߡ_VtYf79ڰիF sq~prս|QM)g%l0ocJȨHz V;Bb/kLAcfPJ,ԭ{ƍgpjNR6VSI*$!yV足jᇑ.](EܣqM\qJ2eZT).<9UB/(B0j)mtKEj#׿fDI-=rZړj|'Nڤ]k*i$5qt"ݙPM6E4ke^Z8ۏhz$Q(R Ay2zfRñnpnkbkI:=j &ΝșW?׵d{+ύM'??XqeeĽ.[o=UxFS=ӷdZwenՄ]_X=ĭVa* pKs0ބۍfJ3 gz̚i|wnxtjc¼5${(1fXQ65ȼb̶Zkn>%FQMJXӡ{TZEVNᖣimT/37cNJUPnP҂ZOE~"-Rc4^b- FEͧtf5[)S!OZIښݲ͑;tvܡ+N)AR=hCNn;wL16-:特7M$=Tҕ-.R[HٷnXk sn[ҞD-0WS9p9:-Ϸ-jѬNu{ҹfv)[Ľvwfg(ٷfe+0mYj8Q1\ݧg]Eǎvڿc!4#j5̋C2"}BRriFp7=ô\TZ:\BLfj#I22װ<;صZl j 6:l"6]۸ K'6RTѯ^ئOԓV\?$x7s#r:Oh{ց=MmuHԷd{pN /܅:UE#Yy+(SgQ(Щ)RHzw>^Ѿݻ>mK&^ '$Jۻ&w%F|xfz%˳ L~3N?Cy9 v w/{ƿ kz3x> sXv}vP"@WyC z`'톽Dw%-tt yVY\wmuPYQA0iG-2JP,6/gˢ]u.-n!Zw.N7Q]Df}Q0({a\@=i_X7gFǘ8^⻲}G MZ1)WEfO12G+=-B@z\`||w6ċj߬m}UwRox֢I &c~XGP6Qndpvܻul'V7^FJt^{b^B(L~sѣ6@߿^xqU!ڙ5|Vpvef-uӥ^3  FSDɯKD%0r}FF穛r7 +o"V8tv̖NQU!5uFd"bCr^bJ=֤fM#ʳԷP0O-9xRBm\=`r-:;~3Tl(nXtXi%2Vٛ#vwqƴ`L@"H‹qW.j,JM5B[)WܺUeZFqc'V˷1W7V̾-MHФwn8N;HPSdݷC7&2j.W\τGŎ'Vb]c.x+Rx1%C2T{myg[qU|+m:M:շ8҉yWd)ՋWS%%:iqlʹmGwݹ WnNŤѩ5(9hTٵDdGUi-)vSs2 2{OnT$Xck n:¶(lASLeȔBjμPpTb2~N2~%^k[ܗ[Jzs0ӓHBKq[}JَA-$dFQgjxxFv4r/x*Rm% `4J(&iv7SkԲmSH1YWmx 8n.k']:Z˭_W >ڃXЩ. jTq%Aā[E}amc]D:rmHRiu:uӚӢ\p(5-q%e)(۬ҖȽIf<߽pr&ݫVfY91q2ĭEQgYbTGQ&,yL+N$[q*RVۉQ=FuTܻ>f>f㋳8N6$܌n)9&»iˤsX,݅܍ȩv+sRTpO}d?Wn/Inpȸ%O]StQO|v5\}7Zwb.AIVK^:wb{[uݯcytO߶S<{8KSRׁH̏N7ۚ[xkwYy_'ZӵF+>쌛ZUĦreE9F[24De{}@:ExWs-\ǻ7K-\JNvEk%:s˙#κ].oͳ;լ7wB6nwu:$L; DkI#Wz.:Xp(˅v$Sq,wn\qIN-e<5Oe+vuYTpcojUI_ާP8 O 7&VL8z$_B-H-[uh]T{|8=qVRN-:Ij:7PUtXϷmy鉿:RIM~33ӸS2#׳GdŲ5+/Bx{(WzȨ5Y㞎#|˖+ ط.|e<o/rߔX>7s}VE.OVti׽ .5nNJO"95{#q}Ay9do]R"M6z\tnNS-D!@3N_jicWsy*5uٮRcWv/.,j}=S)j5C^> Ie =gu9ӛqjtz]۪TMoߧI!Ǧ¶m:,"[L!{qAv-o 3{"KʼnrIkfٶj2ƙ؄S`7` k6jzޞ?e5G&6uʷ2%ԒRKE*G\Npom F/V |C0.q_eenƣ<5Oh'67ɪn[SĽ{ڔjǘzs;~׌(ۂ`ܢ1ƣ` _l9Va6%UQWh~P~\F^ZHR@:ۧCJ{ôGeBh;~ۧnU J\O+n2 RҠ)ng}Kh{5+S×ܛ.1ZjG)iRȤIN 4%{oΜ/eO[Nffd ĹK?nnԼMqX'܌nZvq<ķbFnͪaQ`5 s,M_լ?-@_{w{ӺձJ}GF[%v\5[ŒGkOw/ΜM9rjË%2+rd~+󲕛C9U۳r[aJǭm|˒LAʨSCq[XMۺoubfp:t+ΤĻo ][ zt-*67kvS7D·MMCQXm;)܎n_h%]4ܙnRk!]ڵsDUF"`R, &#R_*[z*ZqFXɻ]7|۵w+'pFDەs=r./ᐚm3Hשy yD"jHCr':sA65نѮ^o1V/ f;nFr3VM)e*- s D'H݅fӧ\*޷[k<7u<-]֍Q8R h|p=WlW3s%Q %3l}@U-K6f-NϿu|ڴmWN׮[׸F*mW\%r! C78:޳vBG7ŵ.JթԚ2x)ST!řn~9 W:Wpܢ件{xf8ٳwKE ҰWxVB\qBZ 2wMb[lGSnyԚ~z9ZmያvoN2Afnݽjf>)j3 !;gOYʹK" Wftڎ+׭b*2ϻK>ۢӱeyԪXISUm[z+ugX%0lϏnvg!;t{BqPj>PyvR7Cj]O%+ݲ :qiMj6W}3vC/R=4Som]ŗ=ю, TF6U_-\6MyskwMr&Q\wjKܩyMϣUj0*}RZܷSdY3>Zjqj6TgzpA/M`/Cmл,޻feE[/+uk^Vs1W$G(JsW2ٰu*߻q*Y޵.Wi:ur5T),=0uRmho.twܖiYwrWHntvEj8qhf`Ͻpf(R&>Ki%I7$QӖm-2 ~yߗQ-앑/ x[k8nw.c㩵k}]FkbJl:{.(˩n0Hqvαp7 귎.Gupx[N`Yq'+ruU7[ү+>!xrȫoSo]OC# d^Q]\>!ƛGw^Mx"-+%vdX-:M2UR%d>%l ioSu6lsj7D P>XxHz Ukà(n^Q V>5cVtWj SEiJdznyej[lE' 3kuٌNn4JW)gB {4 j6&]' m-(ZMEz8cz>WZ6#7+[,MR-Z!4ܓtCyE|umj1ƽvƷV\;%>Q :#Le(iVz5 4ũۤUWxX ^(ҔsլB2w-V ^R+; ˂M\z+Uwr+RWY⺧~ Q*JcYSNSλUd8in=v K낫k\IRרSUaCFmϿ5̗P|u ZTԕ}>oYѲ1sfP+sQkX8Gb~6r,s>^\,mGL+7[n-E\.Fqḕcl*Jmjb5 ,m]c}NXfeVlǸJ5eˡ$4%g~N p4Y*WwW٧<8v#;qԩTut,m"#Y D\5V`\\Lȋ];LȇiS6ϝZ l>LruR\v=ǘϔDg=ԈdFZ+M{=|,[;0>RiSi4,S5}yxw&(E7&fݙ4UՕ! ~'Id)]ǽu2K-fޭ \08Vڅ쓬=Vy^^ IhyKR-B#Ըr=]mܻӾ'*Umkoy rTqT_i,/8Q^<ݤ|4ԻO(܄"'5N~#m.(Ҿ2i6Uev&I*<}҄$eNtÛzyWJubW^iBW.܅Wڮg]irO6Ve90sgv.+sV޿aޔ[p?3q*FutUo*eL\KM'EG*ZcAFfG5J 5jj=MJ3OK:k˝'NMB7m3uFҕ\-Ywg%PRqMIyZGY9|μvn߻5cWݷa^+X֥vnݘ\v7m>Fgzv"-;Ew֝}1|RjN𿊀7g#֟*GQQ|#/bo]p$>_Un9гUbn9׃ErQBU-^vDmVh'<R[fdHT]*~}3j;nvjc7s-rӳ Y8[n[1pJx kX[Jk9Mn!_Nю6x:iZ˦U |߉^Ԛ݃hYxk &U^bwKk.[jE+P(˞=9j@snCv7%c_7=xǁ<l {t'酚+1F‹l׭:ݻILruǶkL-L(K0L1&>wXB(pm;1fpnlp֓%Skidkt(U +xulo'/ڕeN r=^pZZ:Pnj8Hf"48ijY[ N[yZٻ+=  ø:3 ?^ܷ^Sr#YK[UF?CuhC b]GM')mڏsNrܗI]ljq6VB. W,UK"YX5{c >Iqā> T:n!,5l2VzCl|+I[*SrjnS6٨y+x,@>П.g+!rn9>N|W>OZT_ut Y""v7|sfި;Pclm EùN,{'fNT%U&LfH8~1v>Il}统u6P˗c(WV~H^bMU.o*oOF0N:_:6Smr_.b+|ݶYY غF,mwjv>f*>QM뭱Sd:`N{l/⎱;n-z~"Gze퇎J5S KG9!Gn;N1 ݎ h6m|S?ɂ5'WOÞ 7|7^ao @mxGmi^jϽ>01Mf0լD3-2T. VXR"ɥV Kl J O7|u?bvа;6.eߓ|[1bmRr,eRz`z 6܎-ͨku͹Fː dPhYgZUj}nvX;z=gVեTv_J }\1n7w2J?ޘγc\E 1Aޑzq;\r]]\Y&[nsNei\uURje*Qk2CSl*xJz-xٶlm+|UjUؓ`Ladqiĩ!Gd\W~fz;Tn*PdRM&T4`չSWq5k훶(N"Ӎ% V]֦wb.nUO!u*J&Oӕ2e|Z=eV쫚΅g#+/RW:طnbi*Wyo)p{:ETKؚR(RY+r웓r(IF) VmȵNB:h Q1ғ|u8E]{,'$-TR[j49l*3"I鯴zhd>Q+\BkNF=.$ZR4Nwհ(IpNi.(Gi33#33e$FXK*NdWrud[r{xnk$v2ıh+J1TQ[#JQl[tRO]LHKٮ NӍnF񨔤֞Em'MILB"ԋ%dBŋ+p̿_17jzT~4pc Vo\ƹb9Rq-'1j;8ܗ)hE%DZKS<璸Bu*%*Yw5ڻ9ۣ^z4U; Ñk\U(o~G?VUĎ:?P?_F_Kߤ~ᓾI |pr.Ok\SklRhҪz{­P .}SktZ7UQ4ڌIM8̈eaӊJZ%FFZu,KZvln廐SNFIVtuNi?CM5]+Ph,{jN JSR$IS^tSUVrORYu.9WyP6 [Kiu m!X|]Y79ӄ)\ģ)pbڳr%*&ꑶ_-H*dzk)1 V3')UAϹٶWRxe'պn۫h7AR9 EAJeGLms!%D| A 5]/Q3eb̄vnVn%za\m kZnv([emqrIҕij|""><hjJשvvǕ|Pޟs}V~2&Z?+2N&Z4w@)4iSڪ_>/JN9Hiۏuf8'It[ȲR.hZ$ȋ_Y ~U<UUO*6b)Ovzڜj\R̋.$FsQuҊj^נ䈈y<zZIuP[}Qm=C?zN(Exqu/kn S-FzKZzOסӽjJ\)F3b!r5ٝ|;6 o=-3*λ]αb\abqRi-w޵⦪~b8Kpo)Z=>)ғ"5/GTZLE-輵f7ݘ۹~+&+w/7GFI:l33fg.N~۲\2|*cnermnnM+Fq"ѪIz%j =YW8@~gc/~?N'?)«qȸs➟n=k" X“m֮VreMh2[uݖ] *FܖN)MȐ`f0 g,C9̑o;ddudJ=In13:ݒvvdMUEJLp^,6t-@͐9'{7m{-3,>hnF;ѰM)->>+Ěz!R* :`e--m7nB\u{b U>[8֪]6^ߤLʦ\DFNo$$dͶlgno8OrsQ\l̯hRo8tuNo+ CTxu!2[>ctFpeޓƻֶR"3QrQuOѳgwQr;S~)6HhZw/GgVTmUf_yt7%$];zLWF̰xy2Ʉu!MCmš_0[W6jf#a-KLi+3Q7c^qg%s<1aYIQeZf+}>;S6L0]Yu_h9߻<ƅpmiM$AVvŚ,*#t2.8Y)-Zhshü97/#Oro"u^/uFgWɺ,p:6a,^x%$Yve^3PƗMnTP&yS}OJ '덫MH^:rXԴJۋ/rI;S*,+yz1hv)Qw^ڍJ2oL׊q(\fDj:^T%vOadɂnS}ZO)N*λdaȜkG_PIEO}нa(^iQX᯦-7^)%g'SJx(.S9zVɴZ{E ))ۅi/s7 VIV-|sj0*UBTHIqRf>FP$KqN0 R̻8j\GcC}IUz\i 6F)Q{Gҧ3qSzKj-Az VЛS-zy:8*mNk|D鿓ND2u+0Yŝ7kqm·?8Ib]u>˗^_>(]vӋzv+ݩ){vZrJ2RQ몋C$z [,pp,8mڊbR]Il .f~d/ݓs㓓mͶ{mgjQwn=Oic9ܚm4Q/6ݨ[TƧ?nԶoytf{@AzT{e{[O'ZRZt~AGD?s3􌿂ՉIw'|~U\ w~di:Kޱ)U/sU%njѩ&GSP^ǝd)..!^U` 1wX[aԇSxoFV6_扐)T 2Mfd=ۖͭiZ7KK Bi9%7@<3<ճԻU,},a}FRqɛr i@ONJvK KLN M, ʖv0n-]DwlI-X6ܶ$Jʴh5O+mOI+Ra瞠\ MG7BفjYo1#͖0V`Ѱ2M?c8>-Crt*JkIGS:e#hPKx[鱼>{5m;wcն&>j-M֥^َ) 6yȜl_w{-ō̱r> U=]iw3)r*]:K]6BdCTZ|>gf}LW}[$'Y5 &c -j.z6R 67MԷFMnÌwI7w5E}o޽+K ֵy4܌ȥW"COyR[q5Ӱ͙f[v"_#q{MV6܍3"u9BK(41ӯqˇc${ߝCi6I(OmθzҜ5k^:>Jzw.>qV8{vU[ڶEm|DžBz].KHjI]x;Mɗ{m,qZXr忇2u^RO2Z}ZێS[2Jen!*NDcrBUً4<ǼMҲs1Zw57c3&ĖڻzmP*FuJG1-dN:|OU}ҵgi2t~F^^Z.VxjvŧnNNh<:]^~NN+ge^g.SԔGFe߯'[vn'(ScJ]kܗ7eJOlRrfziݮq̋S"\*U<*W]k$FջV}? 7g#֟*GQQ|#/bo]p$>_Un9;l S VvQU%OLU{οmU6bZ1MTx%!֙Q7, J=!3 ;Q,ڌ;6ͱ݅q^&ߔ·n #WbwӖX.HtG)N&d̵zpI,n cu ޖUj+VXUp[w]N o.J6Z8Ts&utxln;~HPHS/xw`G\ʡ¿rj Z^vt"[L:SD\h0sUwR,}[x^X,R2Vn< ]2YDr[SRKs8tXb̷G?Ps Tv 3be,zVz D[/I.KOEQrm'$7|[J>r S`5յwT#\w1FTz\Ԛ &"ׅhSHrD\'r]~/>p;:Piuu:"9ő=tTaS7V2rӷk7mb[^WmPp*[y.Þ6f]cizJCgRR@UVl큝.WJP1N{/\whZ ػϧӱE7|E֫Sί.x-Y&pi%v''-x6r'Ws*6=DwwUu]=C?MK [yrtܒG$!WGqJ*%SAz ED[^)/tė/g=#Omd.|^n/sl׉g DZqemqowݮRzUܜ=ڽ-o/Iۖ;qVʘgPp|mm;6zGl9.8pwWgsJ2qPbe}}UpNjٯ}7TMQKrؽtEx%v w߾8%|j;~|}pK]ơ/ w߾8%|j;~|}pK]ơ/ w&~e_H 8PL7:%ʭ5Kw&U2vwR_+rm'}C7#rWoO&HoG?M$UR7{FU]u ;# !Wk`|W>׹潇9Vn)6)*ҹ{%qV4q>W1vi#T"Qk&GwxcJBJ- Ϸ^ˁxkU}ԣ/3.;]J=<*)cS)ROK9H=,r zX @)cS)Da^ԽQ gxJI=w֣gf*TRj

*Corresponding Author (E-mail: kangjw81@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1156, Fax: +82-55-352-3059)
• Received: November 10, 2023   • Revised: November 23, 2023   • Accepted: November 23, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 105 Views
  • 1 Download
prev next

Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF
  • To promote the expansion of rice consumption, we examined the nutritional components and qualities of five Tongil-type rice varieties. Regarding texture properties, ‘Dasan’ showed the highest viscosity at 0.43 kgf, whereas ‘Hanareum3’ displayed the lowest at 0.20 kgf. Regarding pasting properties, ‘Hanareum4’ exhibited the slowest aging speed of rice flour dough with a value of -42.34 RVU, and ‘Hanareum3’ had the slowest aging speed of cooked rice with a final viscosity of 258.62 RVU. Regarding proximate compositions, ‘Hanareum3’ had the highest crude ash content at 1.17 g/100 g, and ‘Hanareum2’ had the highest crude protein content at 8.39 g/100 g. Regarding amino acids, at 0.17–0.18%, ‘Dasan’ had a methionine content 0.13% lower than the other varieties. Regarding mineral contents, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents were the highest in ‘Hanareum3’ at 263.08, 354.85, and 109.18 mg/100 g, respectively. ‘Dasan’ showed the highest contents of iron, manganese, and zinc, measured at 0.94, 2.17, and 1.43 mg/100 g, respectively. Of the 36 fatty acids measured, only 9 were confirmed. Myristic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid were highest in ‘Hanareum3’ at 0.27, 9.91, and 0.48 mg/g, respectively. ‘Hanareum4’ had the highest levels of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, with contents of 6.69, 0.79, and 9.64 mg/g, respectively. Arachidic, eicosenoic, and lignoceric acids were detected at high levels in ‘Geumgang1,’ ‘Hanareum2,’ and ‘Dasan,’ with contents of 0.16, 0.13, and 0.3 mg/g, respectively.
벼(Oryza sativa L.)는 전 세계의 인구 절반이 소비하고 있는 작물로서 주요 곡물 자원 중 하나이다(Burlando & Cornara 2014). 우리나라는 매년 약 390만 톤 정도의 벼를 생산할 수 있도록 구축하고 있으나, 벼 소비량은 점점 감소하고 있는데 해당 원인으로 1인 가구의 증가, 해외 음식문화의 다양성으로 인한 식생활 변화, 간편식 및 외식문화 정착 등으로 가정에서 쌀밥을 지어먹는 비율이 낮아져 소비량이 줄고 있는 것으로 보고되었다(Oh 2016). 이러한 변화에 따라 우리나라의 국민 1인당 쌀 소비량은 1979년 135.6 kg이었지만, 2022년도에는 56.7 kg으로 절반 이하로 감소하였다(KOSIS 2023a).
하지만, 최근 정부와 국가기관들의 노력으로 다양한 맞춤형 쌀 가공제품의 출시와 국외로의 수출 등 소비 확산을 통하여 가공용 쌀 소비량은 점진적으로 증가하여 2022년도에 약 69만1천 톤 정도가 소비되었다. 국내 소비동향을 살펴보면 도시락류가 2020년 약 4만톤을 소비하였지만 2023년 4만7천 톤으로 17.5% 증가하였고, 특히, 떡 가공류가 2020년 15만9천톤에서 2022년에 18만5천톤을 소비하면서 16.3% 증가하였다(Ha et al. 2022, KOSIS 2023b). 국외에서는 2019년에 쌀가공식품의 수출액 1억불을 달성하였고, 2015년(55백만불)대비 약 2배규모로 성장한 것으로 보고되었다. 수출에서도 간편하게 조리해 먹는 떡볶이와 가공밥류가 각각 2018년 대비 각각 39.4%, 35.9%의 증가세를 보여 가공용 쌀 소비량은 점차 증가할 것으로 예상된다(KCS 2020).
이렇게 2005년 이후 쌀 가공제품에서 매년 소비량이 점진적으로 증가하고 있으며, 국내 쌀의 경쟁력 확대를 위해서는 품종과 재배환경, 가공기술 등 품질과 식미에 관련된 요인들을 밝혀냄으로써 다양한 쌀 가공식품 시장 개척을 통한 소비기반의 확산이 필요하다. 가공산업이 국내 쌀 소비를 촉진하기 위해서는 가공 적성을 구명하여, 산업화를 위한 연구체계가 요구되므로, 가공용에 적합한 품종을 구분하여 용도를 다양화 해야 할 것이다(Chun et al. 2007, Oh 2016).
현재까지의 가공용 품종들은 상대적으로 수량성이 낮아 원곡료의 가격 경쟁성이 부족하여, 재배 안정성이 높은 품종들이 요구되고 있으며, 초다수성 품종인 통일형 벼를 떡, 쌀면, 쌀가루 등 가공용으로 활용하기 위한 시도가 늘어나고 있다(Cho et al. 2018, Lee et al. 2020, Sim et al. 2019).
따라서, 본 연구는 쌀 소비 확대의 일환으로, 단위면적 당 수량이 높은 통일형 품종의 영양성분과 품질에 관련된 자료를 제공함으로써, 해당 품종들을 이용한 가공제품개발의 기초재료로서 활용하고자 수행되었다.
실험 재료
통일형 품종의 품질과 영양성분의 구성을 확인하기 위해 5종의 통일형 품종을 사용하였다. 해당 실험에서 통일형 품종인 ‘다산’, ‘한아름2호’, ‘한아름3호’, ‘한아름4호’, ‘금강1호’를 사용하였고 대조구로 자포니카 품종인 ‘영호진미’를 사용하였으며(Cho et al. 2012, Lee et al. 2016, Yeo et al. 2012), 경상남도 밀양시 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서 재배 및 수확된 것을 공급받아 사용하였다. 정조는 현미기(FC-2K, Yamamoto, Yamagata, Japan)로 왕겨를 제거하여 현미를 준비하였고, 현미는 정미기(VP-32, Yamato Scientific, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 백미로 도정하였다. 분석방법에 따라 가루 시료가 필요한 실험에는 제분기(Model 3010-019, UDY Corporation, Fort Collins, USA)로 분쇄하여 100 mesh 체로 걸러 시료로 사용하였다.
색도 및 아밀로스 함량 분석
품종별 색도는 색차계(CM-3500d, Minolta, Tokyo, Japan)를 사용하여 Hunter value로 명도를 나타내는 L값(lightness), 적색도를 나타내는 a값(redness), 황색도를 나타내는 b값(yellowness)을 3반복으로 측정하였고, 아밀로스 함량은 Juliano (1985)의 Juliano법에 따라 3회 반복으로 측정하였다. 분쇄 쌀가루 0.1 g에 1 mL ethanol과 9 mL 1N NaOH를 가한 후 진탕항온수조에서 10분간 가열 호화시킨 후 증류수로 100 mL을 채웠다. 그 중 5 mL에 1 mL acetic acid, 2 mL 2% I2-KI (iodine solution)를 가한 후 증류수를 이용하여 100 mL로 맞춘 다음 20분 간 실온에 둔 후 620 nm의 파장에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 흡광도는 분광광도계(UV-2700, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan)를 사용하여 측정하였다.
취반식미 특성 검정
밥의 식감을 분석하기 위하여 품종별로 밥을 제조한 후 취반식미계(Cooked rice taste analyzer, RHS1A, SATAKE Company, Tokyo, Japan)를 사용하여 기계적 취반식미 특성을 측정하였다. 제조된 시료 8 g을 측정용 용기에 넣은 후 랩으로 표면을 덮고 10초 동안 일정한 압력을 가한 후 취반식미계로 5회 반복하여 경도(hardness), 점도(viscosity), 밸런스(balance), 탄력성(elasticity)를 측정하였다.
신속점도측정기를 활용한 호화점도 특성 측정
전분의 호화 특성은 신속점도측정기(RVA-4500, Perten Instruments, Hägersten, Sweden)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 시료의 수분함량은 적외선 수분측정기(MS-70, A&D Company, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 해당 수분함량에 맞는 시료와 증류수를 가하여 호화 특성을 측정하였다. 50°C에서 1분, 12°C/min의 가열 속도로 95°C까지 상승시키고 95°C로 2.5분 유지한 후, 다시 12°C/min의 냉각 속도로 50°C까지 냉각하여 2분간 유지시켜 점도를 측정하였다. 호화개시온도(pasting temperature), 최고점도(peak viscosity), 최저점도(trough viscosity), 최종점도(final viscosity), 강하점도(breakdown)와 치반점도(setback)를 계산하였다. 점도단위는 rapid viscosity unit (RVU)로 표시하였다.
영양학적 품질 특성 비교
통일형 5개 품종, 자포니카형 1개 품종 등 총 6종의 품종에 대한 일반성분, 무기물, 아미노산, 지방산 함량 측정을 위해 한국농업기술진흥원 분석검정센터와 서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원에 의뢰하였다. 일반성분 분석 중 수분함량은 수분함량측정기(SMART 6, CEM Corporation, Matthews, USA)를 사용하였으며, 조회분 함량은 회분함량측정기(Phoenix BLACK, CEM Corporation, Matthews, USA)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 조단백질은 킬달법으로 자동 단백질분석기(Kjeltec 8400, FOSS Corporation, Hillerød, Denmark)로 함량을 측정하였고, 조지방은 Soxhlet법으로 조지방분석기(ORACLE, CEM Corporation, Matthews, USA)를 사용하였다. 조섬유는 조섬유분석기(FibertecTM 1023, FOSS Corporation, Hillerød, Denmark)로 측정하고 탄수화물 함량은 수분, 조회분, 조단백, 조지방의 합에 100을 빼서 계산하였다. 무기물 분석은 유도결합 플라즈마 방출 분광기(Optima 8300 ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, USA)로 측정하였으며, 지방산은 기체 크로마토크래피(Gas chromatography, GC) (7890B, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA)로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 아미노산분석기(L-8900 High-speed Amino Acid analyzer, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 아미노산을 분석하였다.
통계분석
조사된 형질들의 기술통계, 사후분석(Duncan’s Multiple Range Test: DMRT)와 주성분분석(Principal Component Analysis: PCA)은 R (Version 4.3.1, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform)을 이용하였다. 사후분석에는 ‘agricolae’ 패키지를 이용하여 수행하였으며, 주성분분석과 군집분석에는 ‘factoextra’를 활용하였다. 데이터를 도식화에는 ‘ggplot2’와 ‘NbClust’ 패키지를 사용하여 분석하였다.
색도 및 아밀로즈 함량 비교
6가지 품종의 아밀로스 함량을 비교한 결과, ‘영호진미’가 17.99%, ‘금강1호’가 18.26%의 아밀로스 함량을 보였으며, ‘한아름4호’가 16.48%로 유의적으로 가장 낮게 측정되었다. ‘한아름2호’, ‘한아름3호’, ‘다산’ 품종들은 각각 16.55%, 16.87%, 16.53%로 유사한 수준의 아밀로스 함량을 나타냈다. 각 품종의 색도 측정 결과로 명도에서는 ‘금강1호’가 76.60으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, ‘한아름2호’(72.71)와 ‘한아름3호’(72.72)가 통일형 품종들 중 가장 낮게 측정되었다. 적색도에서는 ‘다산’과 ‘한아름2호’가 각각 0.26, 0.07로 높게 나왔으며, 나머지 4품종에서는 -0.35에서 -0.39의 분포를 보였다. 황색도는 ‘영호진미’가 19.13으로 가장 높았고, 통일형 품종에서는 ‘한아름2호’(16.31)와 ‘한아름3호’(16.30)가 높았다. ‘금강1호’가 14.58로 통일형 품종 중 가장 낮은 황색도를 보였다(Table 1, Fig. 1).
취반식미 특성 검정
쌀 품종별 취반식미는 SATAKE Co.의 취반식미계를 이용하여 분석한 결과 통일용 품종 중에 ‘다산’이 경도를 제외한 점도, 밸런스가 모두 높은 품종으로 나타났다. 경도는 ‘한아름3호’가 4.77 Kgf로 가장 높은 품종으로 나타났으며, ‘한아름 2호’(4.26 Kgf), ‘한아름4호’(4.13 Kgf), ‘금강1호’(4.05 Kgf)순으로 유의적으로 점차 낮게 측정되었고, ‘다산’이 가장 낮은 3.45 Kgf로 측정되었다. 점도에서는 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 ‘다산’(0.43 Kgf) 다음으로 ‘금강1호’가 0.36 Kgf의 점도를 가진 것으로 측정되었고, ‘한아름2호’와 ‘한아름4호’가 각각 0.31 Kgf, 0.33 Kgf의 값을 가졌으며, ‘한아름3호’, ‘영호진미’가 0.20 Kgf과 0.23 Kgf의 값을 가져 가장 낮은 점도를 보였다. 밸런스는 가장 높은 값을 보였던 ‘다산’(0.13) 다음으로, ‘금강1호’가 0.09의 값을 보였고, ‘한아름2호’와 ‘한아름4호’가 0.08의 밸런스 값을 보였으며, ‘영호진미’(0.06), ‘한아름3호’(0.05) 순으로 밸런스 값이 낮은 것으로 측정되었다. 마지막으로 탄력성에서는 ‘영호진미’가 0.73으로 가장 높은 값을 보였으나, 가장 낮았던 ‘다산’의 0.70 값과 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 조사되었다(Table 2).
호화점도 특성 분석
통일형 품종들의 호화개시온도는 평균 76.1°C로 자포니카 품종인 ‘영호진미’(69.4°C)에 비해 모두 높게 나타났다. 호화온도의 차이는 전분 구조의 차이로 치밀한 결정구조를 지니거나 아밀로펙틴이 차지하는 비율이 높을수록 가열 시 느리게 팽윤되고 호화온도는 높게 반영되고, 많은 에너지를 필요로 하기 때문에 통일 품종들은 자포니카 품종인 ‘영호진미’에 비해 전분 구조가 치밀하거나 아밀로펙틴의 긴 사슬이 차지하는 비율이 높을 것으로 추정된다(Yoon et al. 2012). 최고점도는 heating과 holding cycle이 반복되는 동안 기록되는 가장 높은 점도로서 전분의 물 보유량을 의미하여, 가공을 할 시 제품의 품질과 관련이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다(Chen et al. 2008). 통일 품종에서 평균 246.22 RVU로 ‘한아름4호’가 262.06 RVU로 가장 높게 나왔으며, ‘한아름2호’(251.03 RVU)와 ‘한아름3호’(246.95 RVU)가 비슷한 양상을 보였고, ‘금강1호’(239.81 RVU), ‘다산’(231.25 RVU) 순으로 측정되었다. ‘다산’이 통일 품종에서 가장 낮게 측정되었으나, ‘영호진미’(160.83 RVU)보다는 높게 측정되었다. 통일 품종의 최저점도는 평균 135.75 RVU로 ‘한아름 3호’가 148.39 RVU로 가장 높게 나왔으며, ‘금강1호’(143.75 RVU), ‘한아름2호’(138.78 RVU), ‘한아름4호’(128.53 RVU), ‘다산’(119.28 RVU) 순 이었으며, 최저점도 역시 ‘영호진미’(97.23 RVU) 보다 높게 측정되었다. 높은 최저점도는 가열 중 쌀 전분이 파괴되는 정도와 유사한 경향성을 나타내는 것으로 보고되었다(Danbaba et al. 2012). 강하점도는 최고점도에서 최저점도를 뺀 값으로 통일 품종에서는 평균적으로 110.47 RVU로 나타났으며, ‘영호진미’의 63.62 RVU보다 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 최종점도는 가열이 중지되고 냉각하는 과정에서 호화 된 전분 분자들이 수소결합에 의하여 재결합하는 과정에서 점도가 증가하는 정도를 확인하는 수치이다(Karim et al. 2000). 통일형 품종들은 200 RVU이상의 수치를 보이는 반면, ‘영호진미’는 177.31 RVU로 측정되었다. 마지막으로 열에 대한 저항 정도를 확인하는 치반점도에서 ‘영호진미’가 16.48 RVU로 측정되면서 통일형 품종들의 평균(-12.61 RVU)보다 높게 측정되었다(Table 3). 통일형 품종들은 전반적으로 ‘영호진미’에 비해 호화개시온도, 최고점도, 최저점도, 강하점도 및 최종점도에서 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 치반점도에서만 ‘영호진미’가 높게 나타났다.
일반성분 품질 특성 비교
일반성분 분석은 수분함량, 조회분, 조단백질, 조지방, 탄수화물, 식이섬유 함량 총 6가지를 분석하였다. 수분함량은 ‘다산’(9.97 g/100 g)이 가장 높고 ‘영호진미’(9.22 g/100 g)가 가장 낮은 값을 보였으나 6품종 사이에 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 조회분은 통일형 품종에서 ‘한아름2호’가 1.14 g/100 g로 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, ‘한아름4호’가 1.07 g/100 g로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 조단백질 함량에서는 ‘한아름2호’가 8.39 g/100 g로 가장 높게 나타났고 ‘다산’이 7.44 g/100 g로 가장 낮았다. 조지방은 통일형 품종들이 2.14 g/100 g의 평균값을 가지고, ‘영호진미’가 2.47 g/100 g로 가장 높은 값을 보였지만, 6품종 사이에 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 수치는 6품종 사이에서 유의미한 차이가 없었고, 식이섬유에서도 ‘영호진미’(5.21 g/100 g)가 높은 수치를 보였으나, 유의미한 차이가 없었다(Table 4).
아미노산 함량 비교
아미노산 분석은 황함유계열 아미노산 2종(시스테인: Cysteine, 메티오닌, Methionine)과 산안정계열 아미노산 15종(아트파트산: Aspartic acid, 트레오닌: Threonine, 세린: Serine, 글루탐산: Glutamic acid, 글라이신: Glycine, 알라닌: Alanine, 발린: Valine, 아이소류신: Isoleucine, 류신: Leucine, 티로신: Tyrosine, 페닐알라닌: Phenylalanine, 라이신: Lysine, 히스티딘: Histidine, 아르기닌: Arginine, 프롤린: Proline), 총 17종에 대해 분석을 실시하였다. 아미노산들 중 메티오닌만이 6품종간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 나머지 16종의 아미노산에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 메티오닌 함량은 각 품종에 0.13%에서 0.18%의 비율로 차지하고 있었으며, ‘다산’(0.13%)이 가장 낮은 값을 보였고, 나머지 품종들은 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 나머지 16종의 아미노산 함량은 6품종에 대해서 최소 0.14%에서 최대 1.09%로 구성되어있는 것으로 확인되었다(Table 5).
무기물 함량 비교
무기물은 총 8종, 각각 칼륨(Potassium, K), 인(Phosphorus, P), 칼슘(Calcium, Ca), 마그네슘(Magnesium, Mg), 나트륨(Natrium, Na), 철(Ferrum, Fe), 망간(Mangan, Mn), 아연(Zinc, Zn) 함량을 확인 하였다. 칼륨은 ‘영호진미’(270.17 mg/100 g)가 가장 많이 지니고 있었고, 통일형 품종 중에서는 ‘한아름3호’가 263.08 mg/100 g로 가장 높은 것으로 측정되었으며, 그 뒤로 ‘금강1호’(247.58 mg/100 g), ‘한아름2호’(234.18 mg/100 g), ‘한아름4호’(232.35 mg/100 g), ‘다산’(229.68 mg/100 g) 순으로 확인되었다. 인에서도 ‘영호진미’(370.94 mg/100 g)가 가장 높았고, 통일형 품종 중에서도 ‘한아름3호’가 354.85 mg/100 g로 가장 높았다. 비슷한 수준으로 ‘금강1호’(348.38 mg/100 g)가 있었으며, ‘한아름2호’(333.19 mg/100 g), ‘한아름4호’(332.66 mg/100 g), ‘다산’(331.34 mg/100 g) 순이었다. 칼슘 함량은 ‘다산’이 13.11 mg/100 g로 가장 높은 수치를 보였으며, ‘한아름2호’가 9.72 mg/100 g으로 가장 낮은 수준을 보였으나 통계적으론 유의한 차이가 없었다. 마그네슘은 ‘영호진미’(110.51 mg/100 g)가 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 ‘한아름3호’와 ‘금강1호’가 109.18 mg/100 g와 106.82 mg/100 g로 비슷한 함량을 보였다. 가장 낮은 품종으로는 ‘한아름2호’(98.60 mg/100 g)와 ‘한아름4호’(98.18 mg/100 g)로 확인되었다. 나트륨 함량에서는 ‘다산’의 10.28 mg/100 g에서 ‘한아름4호’ 의 5.73 mg/100 g까지의 분포를 보였지만 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 철에서는 ‘다산’이 0.94 mg/100 g로 가장 높은 것으로 측정되었으며, 통일형 품종에서 한아름2호(0.88 mg/100 g), 한아름3호(0.68 mg/100 g) 순이었으며, ‘금강1호’(0.66 mg/100 g)와 ‘한아름4호’(0.63 mg/100 g)가 가장 낮았다. 망간 함량은 ‘다산’이 2.17 mg/100 g로 가장 높았고, ‘한아름3호’(1.72 mg/100 g), ‘금강1호’(1.45 mg/100 g), ‘한아름2호’(1.21 mg/100 g), ‘한아름4호’(1.01 mg/100 g) 순이었다. 마지막으로 아연은 ‘다산’이 1.43 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 나머지 품종들은 1.00 mg/100 g에서 1.15 mg/100 g의 분포를 보였지만 통계적으로 유사했다(Table 6).
지방산 함량 비교
지방산은 총 36종에 대해 분석을 실시하였으며, 그 중 9개의 지방산(미르스트산: Myristic acid, 팔미트산: Palmitic acid, 스테아르산: Stearic acid, 올레산: Oleic acid, 리놀레산: Linoleic acid, 알파-리놀렌산: α-Linolenic acid, 아라키드산: Arachidic acid, 에이코센산: Eicosenoic acid, 리그노세르산: Lignoceric acid)만이 확인되었다. 통일형 품종별 추출된 지방산의 함량은 미르스트산에서 ‘한아름3호’가 0.27 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, ‘금강1호’(0.26 mg/g), ‘한아름4호’(0.22 mg/g), 한아름2호(0.21 mg/g), 다산(0.19 mg/g) 순이었다. 팔미트산은 ‘영호진미’가 7.34 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, 통일형 품종에서는 ‘한아름4호’가 6.69 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. 이어서 ‘한아름2호’(6.03 mg/g)와 ‘한아름3호’(6.02 mg/g)가 높았고 다산이 5.34 mg/g으로 가장 낮았다. 스테아르산은 ‘한아름4호’와 ‘영호진미’가 0.79 mg/g과 0.78mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 금강1호(0.69 mg/g), ‘한아름3호’(0.63 mg/g), ‘한아름2호’(0.61 mg/g), ‘다산’(0.57 mg/g) 순으로 함량이 높았다. 올레산은 ‘금강1호’와 ‘영호진미’가 10.34 mg/g과 10.26 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, ‘한아름4호’(9.64 mg/g), ‘한아름2호’(9.30 mg/g), ‘한아름3호’(8.81 mg/g), ‘다산’(7.76 mg/g) 순이었다. 리놀렌산도 ‘영호진미’가 10.19 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, 통일형 품종들 중에 ‘한아름3호’가 9.91 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. ‘한아름4호’가 9.83 mg/g, 한아름2호와 금강1호가 9.26 mg/g과 9.25 mg/g로 비슷한 함량을 보였으며, ‘다산’이 8.55 mg/g으로 가장 낮았다. 알파-리놀렌산도 ‘영호진미’가 0.51 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 통일형 품종에서는 ‘한아름3호’가 0.48 mg/g 가장 높았다. ‘금강1호’(0.44 mg/g)가 다음으로 함량이 높았고 ‘한아름4호’(0.42 mg/g)와 ‘한아름2호’(0.41 mg/g)가 비슷한 수준을 보였고 ‘다산’(0.34 mg/g) 순으로 함량을 보유했다. 아라키드산에서도 ‘영호진미’가 0.17 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 통일형 품종은 ‘금강1호’와 ‘한아름2호’가 0.16 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. 나머지 품종들은 ‘한아름4호’(0.14 mg/g), ‘한아름3호’(0.13 mg/g), ‘다산’(0.12 mg/g) 순으로 함량을 보였다. 에이코센산에서도 ‘영호진미’가 0.15 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, ‘한아름2호’가 0.13 mg/g으로 통일형 품종 중 가장 높은 값을 보였다. ‘다산’, ‘한아름3호’와 ‘금강1호’가 0.12 mg/g으로 비슷한 수준을 보였고, ‘한아름4호’가 0.11 mg/g으로 가장 낮았다. 리그노세르산은 ‘다산’이 0.30 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, ‘한아름3호’가 0.28 mg/g, ‘한아름2호’와 ‘금강1호’가 0.26 mg/g, ‘한아름4호’가 0.25 mg/g 순이었다(Table 7). 지방산 함량에서는 9개의 지방산 중 7개의 지방산이 ‘영호진미’에서 가장 높았다. 하나의 자포니카 품종만 대조구로 사용하였기 때문에 자포니카 품종과 통일 품종 간 지방산 함량에 대해 유의한 차이가 있을지는 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 보인다.
영양성분의 주성분 분석
일반성분의 주성분분석을 진행한 결과 주성분1 (PC1)과 주성분 2 (PC2)를 통해 형질 변이의 약 60.4%를 설명할 수 있었으며, 품종간 중앙값을 활용하여 군집검사를 진행한 결과, 2개의 군집이 형성되었으며, 한아름2호만 따로 구분되었다(Fig. 2a). 아미노산에서는 PC1과 PC2로 약 96.4%의 형질 변이를 보였으며, 2개의 군집이 형성되었고, ‘다산’만이 따로 군집을 형성하였다(Fig. 2b). 무기물에서는 2개의 주성분으로 74.2%를 설명할 수 있었고, 3개의 군집을 형성하였다. 첫번째 군집에는 ‘영호진미’, ‘금강1호’, ‘한아름3호’가 이루었고, 두번째 군집에는 ‘한아름2호’와 ‘한아름3호’, 마지막 군집은 ‘다산’만 존재했다(Fig. 2c). 마지막 지방산에는 PC1과 PC2로 76.7%가 형질변이를 설명할 수 있었고, 군집분석을 통해 3개의 군집이 형성되었다. ‘다산’과 ‘영호진미’가 각각 하나의 군집을 이루었고, 나머지 품종들이 마지막 군집을 이루었다(Fig. 2d).
통일형 품종 중 ‘다산’은 아미노산과 무기물, 지방산에서 타 품종들과 군집하는 위치가 달랐으며, ‘한아름2호’는 일반성분과 무기물, ‘한아름4호’는 무기물에서 다르게 나타났다. 해당 통계분석을 통해 대조군인 ‘영호진미’는 지방산에서 통일형 품종들과 다른 군집에 존재하였지만, 다른 영양성분에선 타 품종과 같은 군집에 존재하였기 때문에 아종 간 영양성분에 대한 차이는 크게 없을 것으로 사료된다.
본 연구는 가공용 쌀 소비의 확대를 위한 통일형 품종의 영양학적 성분과 품질에 관한 자료를 제공하기 위해 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 5개의 통일형 품종에 대해 관련 분석을 실시하였다. 아밀로스 함량은 ‘금강1호’가 18.26%로 가장 높았고, ‘한아름4호’가 16.48%로 가장 낮았다. 취반식미에서 ‘다산’의 점도가 0.43 kgf로 가장 높고, ‘한아름3호’가 0.20 kgf로 가장 낮게 측정되었으며, 반대로 ‘한아름3호’의 경도가 4.77 kgf로 가장 높고, ‘다산’의 경도가 3.45 kgf로 낮게 측정되었다. 치반점도는 ‘한아름4호’가 -42.34 RVU로 쌀가루 반죽의 노화속도가 가장 더딜 것으로 보이며, 최종점도 가 258.62 RVU인 ‘한아름3호’가 식은 밥의 노화속도가 가장 느릴 것으로 측정되었다. 일반성분에서 조회분과 조단백질에서만 품종간 유의하게 차이가 나타났으며, ‘한아름3호’가 1.17 g/100 g으로 조회분 함량이 가장 높았고, 조단백질은 ‘한아름2호’가 8.39 g/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 아미노산은 메티오닌을 제외한 나머지 16종의 아미노산에서 차이가 없었으며, 메티오닌에서도 ‘다산’만 0.13%로 0.17-0.18% 함량을 보이는 다른 품종들보다 낮았다. 무기물에서는 8종들 중 칼슘과 나트륨을 제외한 6종의 무기물만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 칼륨, 인, 마그네슘 함량이 ‘한아름3호’에서 각각 263.08 mg/100 g, 354.85 mg/100 g, 109.18 mg/100 g로 가장 높았고, 철, 망간, 아연에서 ‘다산’이 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 각각 0.94 mg/100 g, 2.17 mg/100 g, 1.43 mg/100 g로 측정되었다. 지방산은 총 36종 중 9개의 지방산만 측정되었으며, 그 중 미르스트산, 리놀레산, 알파-리놀레산이 ‘한아름3호’에서 각각 0.27 mg/g, 9.91 mg/g, 0.48 mg/g으로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 팔미트산, 스테아르산, 올레산은 ‘한아름4호’에서 가장 높게 측정되었고, 각각 6.69 mg/g, 0.79 mg/g, 9.64 mg/g의 함량을 보였다. 아라키드산, 에이코센산, 리그노세르산은 각각 ‘금강1호’, ‘한아름2호’, ‘다산’에서 높게 측정되었고, 0.16 mg/g 0.13 mg/g, 0.3 mg/g의 함량이 측정되었다. 일반성분에서 ‘한아름2호’가 조단백질 함량이 높게 측정되었고, 무기물함량에서 ‘다산’이 철, 망간, 아연이 높은 함량을 보였다. 지방산에서 ‘한아름3호’가 미르스트산의 함량이 높았으며, 취반식미와 호와점도 분석에서 통일벼 품종의 지속적인 개량으로 자포니카 품종과 비슷한 찰기와 윤기를 나타내었다. 따라서, 해당 자료는 영양학적 성분 및 품질 결과에 따라 알맞는 품종 선택에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 수량성이 뛰어나 가격 경쟁성이 높은 통일형 품종들을 목적에 맞게 가공제품 생산에 활용한다면 해당 사업에 유용하게 작용될 것으로 기대된다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제번호: PJ01603072023)과 2003 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 RDA Fellowship Program의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것이며 이에 감사드립니다.
Fig. 1
White rice of Japonica and Tongil type varieties using in this study. (a) Younghojinmi, (b) Dasan, (c) Hanarem2, (d) Hanarem3, (e) Hanarem4, (f) Geumgang1.
kjbs-55-4-311-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of nutritional components with Japonica and Tongil type varieties. (a) PCA of proximate compositions. (b) PCA of amino acid. (c) PCA of mineral contents. (d) PCA of fatty acids. PC1: principal component 1, PC2: principal component 2. Red, brown, green, sky-blue, blue and purple represent the Dasan, Gemgang1, Hanarem2, Hanarem3, Hanarem4 and Youngojinmi, respectively. Triangles represent the median value of PC for the respective varieties.
kjbs-55-4-311-f2.jpg
Table 1
Amylose content and chromaticity of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 1
Varieties Amylose (%) Color
L (Lightness) a (Redness) b (Yellowness)
Youngojinmi 17.99±0.34a z,y 70.95±0.31d -0.36±0.08b 19.13±0.42a
Dasan 16.53±0.16bc 74.00±0.64b 0.26±0.04a 15.19±0.32c
Hanarem2 16.55±0.21bc 72.71±0.52c 0.07±0.21a 16.31±0.38b
Hanarem3 16.87±0.17b 72.72±0.46c -0.35±0.08b 16.30±0.31b
Hanarem4 16.48±0.15c 74.36±0.14b -0.39±0.20b 15.37±0.39c
Geumgang1 18.26±0.10a 76.60±0.03a -0.37±0.05b 14.58±0.17d

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 2
Texture properties of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 2
Variety Hardness (Kgf)z Viscosity (Kgf) Balance Elasticity
Youngojinmi 3.97±0.27b y,x 0.23±0.04c 0.06±0.01cd 0.73±0.03a
Dasan 3.45±0.26c 0.43±0.04a 0.13±0.02a 0.70±0.03a
Hanarem2 4.26±0.29b 0.31±0.06b 0.08±0.02bc 0.71±0.03a
Hanarem3 4.77±0.32a 0.20±0.04c 0.05±0.02d 0.72±0.02a
Hanarem4 4.13±0.25b 0.33±0.09b 0.08±0.02bc 0.72±0.02a
Geumgang1 4.05±0.27b 0.36±0.08ab 0.09±0.02b 0.72±0.02a

zKgf=Kilogram-force.

yEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

xDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 3
Pasting properties of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 3
Variety Pasting Temp (℃) Peak viscosity(RVU) Through viscosity(RVU) Breakdown(RVU) Final viscosity(RVU) Setback(RVU)
Youngojinmi 69.35±0.44d z,y 160.83±1.53e 97.23±3.11e 63.62±2.78d 177.31±2.02e 16.48±1.92a
Dasan 73.95±0.05c 231.25±2.06d 119.28±0.43d 111.98±2.26b 202.87±1.62d -28.39±1.09d
Hanarem2 74.94±0.41b 251.03±4.16b 138.78±4.36b 112.25±6.75b 241.14±3.54b -9.89±6.24c
Hanarem3 84.57±0.42a 246.95±0.86b 148.39±1.81a 98.56±2.65c 258.62±3.61a 11.67±4.39ab
Hanarem4 73.12±0.83c 262.06±3.04a 128.53±3.16c 133.53±5.82a 219.73±3.01c -42.34±6.03e
Geumgang1 73.90±0.06c 239.81±3.96c 143.75±7.79ab 96.06±8.53c 245.72±7.71b 5.92±7.43b

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 4
Nutrition quality analysis of proximate compositions according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 4
Variety Proximate composition (g/100 g)
Moisture Crude ash Crude protein Crude fat Carbohydrate Dietary fiber
Youngojinmi 9.22±0.49a z,y 1.20±0.02a 7.60±0.02d 2.47±0.39a 79.53±0.37a 5.21±0.97a
Dasan 9.97±0.37a 1.12±0.06bc 7.44±0.01e 1.92±0.16a 79.57±0.42a 4.17±0.62a
Hanarem2 9.83±0.37a 1.14±0.04abc 8.39±0.07a 2.04±0.25a 78.62±0.18a 4.43±0.68a
Hanarem3 9.33±0.51a 1.17±0.06ab 7.95±0.05b 2.16±0.27a 79.42±0.38a 4.30±0.64a
Hanarem4 9.31±0.45a 1.07±0.01c 8.00±0.01b 2.28±0.33a 79.37±0.36a 4.32±0.58a
Geumgang1 9.34±0.52a 1.12±0.06bc 7.78±0.07c 2.31±0.40a 79.48±0.54a 4.88±0.10a

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3)

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05)

Table 5
Nutrition quality analysis of amino acids according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 5
Variety Amino acid (%)
Cysteine Methionine Aspartic acid Threonine Serine Glutamic acid
Youngojinmi 0.22±0.04a z,y 0.18±0.03a 0.53±0.07a 0.23±0.03a 0.29±0.05a 1.02±0.13a
Dasan 0.18±0.03a 0.13±0.02b 0.51±0.03a 0.20±0.01a 0.27±0.02a 0.95±0.05a
Hanarem2 0.21±0.02a 0.18±0.02a 0.50±0.06a 0.22±0.03a 0.28±0.03a 1.00±0.12a
Hanarem3 0.22±0.03a 0.18±0.03a 0.53±0.02a 0.22±0.01a 0.28±0.02a 1.00±0.04a
Hanarem4 0.21±0.02a 0.17±0.01a 0.56±0.05a 0.23±0.02a 0.29±0.03a 1.09±0.08a
Geumgang1 0.20±0.02a 0.17±0.02a 0.53±0.08a 0.23±0.04a 0.29±0.05a 1.04±0.16a
Variety Amino acid (%)
Glycine Alanine Valine Isoleucine Leucine Tyrosine
Youngojinmi 0.28±0.04a z,y 0.35±0.05a 0.35±0.05a 0.24±0.03a 0.49±0.07a 0.27±0.03a
Dasan 0.26±0.02a 0.32±0.02a 0.32±0.02a 0.21±0.01a 0.46±0.03a 0.26±0.02a
Hanarem2 0.26±0.04a 0.33±0.05a 0.34±0.05a 0.23±0.03a 0.47±0.06a 0.26±0.01a
Hanarem3 0.27±0.02a 0.34±0.02a 0.35±0.02a 0.23±0.02a 0.48±0.02a 0.28±0.01a
Hanarem4 0.29±0.03a 0.37±0.03a 0.37±0.03a 0.25±0.02a 0.52±0.04a 0.29±0.02a
Geumgang1 0.28±0.04a 0.35±0.06a 0.35±0.05a 0.23±0.04a 0.49±0.08a 0.28±0.04a
Variety Amino acid (%)
Phenylalanine Lysine Histidine Arginine Proline
Youngojinmi 0.32±0.04a z,y 0.23±0.03a 0.15±0.02a 0.47±0.06a 0.27±0.04a
Dasan 0.30±0.02a 0.20±0.01a 0.14±0.01a 0.47±0.03a 0.25±0.02a
Hanarem2 0.31±0.04a 0.21±0.03a 0.14±0.02a 0.46±0.06a 0.26±0.04a
Hanarem3 0.31±0.02a 0.22±0.01a 0.14±0.01a 0.47±0.02a 0.27±0.02a
Hanarem4 0.34±0.03a 0.23±0.02a 0.15±0.01a 0.50±0.04a 0.29±0.03a
Geumgang1 0.32±0.05a 0.22±0.04a 0.15±0.03a 0.48±0.08a 0.28±0.05a

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 6
Nutrition quality analysis of mineral contents according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 6
Variety Mineral content (mg/100 g)
Potassium Phosphorus Calcium Magnesium
Youngojinmi 270.17±11.73a z,y 370.94±5.10a 11.05±0.68a 110.51±1.54a
Dasan 229.68±15.30c 331.34±10.52c 13.11±1.35a 103.51±3.59bc
Hanarem2 234.18±24.49bc 333.19±11.93c 9.72±0.45a 98.60±6.94c
Hanarem3 263.08±7.98ab 354.85±3.56b 11.34±0.99a 109.18±0.71ab
Hanarem4 232.35±4.21c 332.66±8.03c 10.68±0.29a 98.18±0.93c
Geumgang1 247.58±19.90abc 348.38±7.62b 11.34±2.67a 106.82±2.74ab
Variety Mineral content (mg/100 g)
Natrium Ferrum Mangan Zinc
Youngojinmi 6.04±4.47a z,y 0.72±0.06bc 1.38±0.16cd 1.07±0.12b
Dasan 10.28±6.32a 0.94±0.15a 2.17±0.10a 1.43±0.05a
Hanarem2 6.74±2.48a 0.88±0.14ab 1.21±0.13d 1.01±0.04b
Hanarem3 8.45±2.18a 0.68±0.17bc 1.72±0.03b 1.09±0.10b
Hanarem4 5.73±3.44a 0.63±0.11c 1.01±0.13e 1.00±0.10b
Geumgang1 9.82±5.29a 0.66±0.04c 1.45±0.11c 1.15±0.07b

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 7
Nutrition quality analysis of fatty acids according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.
Table 7
Variety Fatty acid (mg/g)
Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid
Youngojinmi 0.22±0.01c z,y 7.34±0.08a 0.78±0.02a 10.26±0.15a 10.19±0.10a
Dasan 0.19±0.01e 5.34±0.02d 0.57±0.01d 7.76±0.08d 8.55±0.08d
Hanarem2 0.21±0.01d 6.03±0.09c 0.61±0.01c 9.30±0.07b 9.26±0.07c
Hanarem3 0.27±0.01a 6.02±0.11c 0.63±0.01c 8.81±0.22c 9.91±0.21ab
Hanarem4 0.22±0.01c 6.69±0.26b 0.79±0.03a 9.64±0.40b 9.83±0.35b
Geumgang1 0.26±0.01b 6.09±0.16c 0.69±0.02b 10.34±0.25a 9.25±0.18c
Variety Fatty acid (mg/g)
α-Linolenic acid Arachidic acid Eicosenoic acid Lignoceric acid
Youngojinmi 0.51±0.01a z,y 0.17±0.01a 0.15±0.01a 0.28±0.01b
Dasan 0.34±0.01e 0.12±0.01e 0.12±0.01c 0.30±0.01a
Hanarem2 0.41±0.01d 0.16±0.01b 0.13±0.01b 0.26±0.01c
Hanarem3 0.48±0.02b 0.13±0.01d 0.12±0.01c 0.28±0.01b
Hanarem4 0.42±0.02d 0.14±0.01c 0.11±0.01d 0.25±0.01d
Geumgang1 0.44±0.02c 0.16±0.01b 0.12±0.01c 0.26±0.01c

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

  • 1. Burlando B, Cornara L. 2014. Therapeutic properties of rice constituents and derivatives (Oryza sativa L.): a review update. Trends Food Sci Technol 40: 82-98.
  • 2. Chen MH, Bergman CJ, Pinson RM, Fjellstrom RG. 2008. Waxy gene haplotypes: associations with pasting properties in an international rice germplasm collection. J Cereal Sci 48: 781-788.
  • 3. Cho JH, Lee JY, Lee JH, Yeo US, Park NB, Kim SY, Song YC, Jung KH, Oh SH, Shin MS. 2012. 'Hanareum2': mid-maturing, multiple disease resistance, and high yielding Tongil type rice cultivar. Korean J Breed Sci 44: 205-209.
  • 4. Cho JH, Lee JH, Park NB, Son YB, Oh SH, Han SI, Song YC, Seo WD, Park DS, Nam MH, Lee JY. 2018. 'Saemimyeon', a Tongil-type medium-late maturing rice variety with high amylose content used for rice noodle preparation. Korean J Breed Sci 50: 522-528.
  • 5. Chun A, Song J, Kim KJ, Kim JH, Son JR, Oh YJ. 2007. Sensory and quality evaluation of aseptic-packaged cooked rice by cultivar. Korean J Crop Sci 52: 439-446.
  • 6. Danbaba N, Anounye JC, Gana AS, Abo ME, Ukwungwu MN, Maji AT. 2012. Physical and pasting properties of 'ofada' rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Niger Food J 30: 18-25.
  • 7. Ha SK, Kim BK, Hwang WH, Mo YJ, Jeong JM, Lee DK, Kim WJ, Kim JJ, Jeung JU. 2022. Early maturing rice variety "Baromi2" with a floury endosperm and suitable for dry-milling of rice grain. Korean J Breed Sci 54: 433-441.
  • 8. Juliano BO. In: Juliano BO 1985. Criteria and tests for rice grain qualities. (Ed). Rice chemistry and technology. American Association of Cereal Chemists, MN, USA: pp. 443-524.
  • 9. Karim AA, Norziah MH, Seow CC. 2000. Methods for the study of starch retrogradation. Food chemistry 71: 9-36.
  • 10. Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). 2023a. Grain Consumption Survey. https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1ED0001&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=&scrId=&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=E1&docId=0000700133&markType=S&itmNm=%EC%A0%84%EA%B5%AD.
  • 11. Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). 2023b. Rice consumption in the business sector. https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1ED0006&vw_cd=MT_ZTITLE&list_id=F14_20&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&language=kor&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=MT_ZTITLE.
  • 12. Korea Customs Service (KCS). 2020. Export statistics performance aggregation results. https://tradedata.go.kr/cts/index.do.
  • 13. Lee JY, Cho JH, Lee JH, Son YB, Park NB, Oh SH, Han SI, Song YC, Park DS, Yeo WS, Park BM, Oh IY, Nam MH, Kwon YE, Lee YH. 2016. "Hanahreum3", a new high yield and multi disease resistant rice variety for processing. 2016 Ann Symp Korea Soc Breed Sci Kyobo Mungo. Cheongju, South Korea.
  • 14. Lee JY, Song YC, Lee JH, Jo S, Kwon YH, Park DS, Cho JH. 2020. 'Shingil (Milyang317)', Tongil-Type variety specialized for rice flour. Korean J Breed Sci 50: 522-528.
  • 15. Oh SK. 2016. Development of rice varieties for processing and trend of food industry. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 21: 8-14.
  • 16. Sim EY, Park HY, Lee JY, Kwak J, Lee JY, Jeon YH, Lee CK, Hong HC, Choi I. 2019. Quality characteristics of soft morning roll bread with different ratios of high yield tongil-type rice flours. Korean J Food Preserv 26: 650-658.
  • 17. Yeo US, Kim CS, Lee JH, Kwak DY, Cho JH, Park DS, Song YC, Shin MS, Yi G, Jeon MG, Park NB, Oh BG, Jung KH, Lee JY, Kim SY, Cho YH, Kang JR, Hwang HG, Choi KJ, Kang HW. 2012. 'Yeonghojinmi': high grain quality, multiple disease resistance, and mid-late rice cultivar. Korean J Breed Sci 44: 180-184.
  • 18. Yoon MR, Oh SK, Lee JH, Kim DJ, Choi IS, Lee JS, Kim CK. 2012. Varietal variation of gelatinization and cooking properties in rice having different amylose contents. Korean J Food Nutr 25: 762-769.

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

The Nutritional Components and Quality Analysis of Several Tongil Type Rice Varieties for Processing Purposes
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(4):311-320.   Published online December 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.4.311
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
The Nutritional Components and Quality Analysis of Several Tongil Type Rice Varieties for Processing Purposes
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(4):311-320.   Published online December 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.4.311
Close

Figure

  • 0
  • 1

Related articles

The Nutritional Components and Quality Analysis of Several Tongil Type Rice Varieties for Processing Purposes
Image Image
Fig. 1 White rice of Japonica and Tongil type varieties using in this study. (a) Younghojinmi, (b) Dasan, (c) Hanarem2, (d) Hanarem3, (e) Hanarem4, (f) Geumgang1.
Fig. 2 Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of nutritional components with Japonica and Tongil type varieties. (a) PCA of proximate compositions. (b) PCA of amino acid. (c) PCA of mineral contents. (d) PCA of fatty acids. PC1: principal component 1, PC2: principal component 2. Red, brown, green, sky-blue, blue and purple represent the Dasan, Gemgang1, Hanarem2, Hanarem3, Hanarem4 and Youngojinmi, respectively. Triangles represent the median value of PC for the respective varieties.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

The Nutritional Components and Quality Analysis of Several Tongil Type Rice Varieties for Processing Purposes

Amylose content and chromaticity of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Varieties Amylose (%) Color
L (Lightness) a (Redness) b (Yellowness)
Youngojinmi 17.99±0.34a z,y 70.95±0.31d -0.36±0.08b 19.13±0.42a
Dasan 16.53±0.16bc 74.00±0.64b 0.26±0.04a 15.19±0.32c
Hanarem2 16.55±0.21bc 72.71±0.52c 0.07±0.21a 16.31±0.38b
Hanarem3 16.87±0.17b 72.72±0.46c -0.35±0.08b 16.30±0.31b
Hanarem4 16.48±0.15c 74.36±0.14b -0.39±0.20b 15.37±0.39c
Geumgang1 18.26±0.10a 76.60±0.03a -0.37±0.05b 14.58±0.17d

Texture properties of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Variety Hardness (Kgf)z Viscosity (Kgf) Balance Elasticity
Youngojinmi 3.97±0.27b y,x 0.23±0.04c 0.06±0.01cd 0.73±0.03a
Dasan 3.45±0.26c 0.43±0.04a 0.13±0.02a 0.70±0.03a
Hanarem2 4.26±0.29b 0.31±0.06b 0.08±0.02bc 0.71±0.03a
Hanarem3 4.77±0.32a 0.20±0.04c 0.05±0.02d 0.72±0.02a
Hanarem4 4.13±0.25b 0.33±0.09b 0.08±0.02bc 0.72±0.02a
Geumgang1 4.05±0.27b 0.36±0.08ab 0.09±0.02b 0.72±0.02a

Pasting properties of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Variety Pasting Temp (℃) Peak viscosity(RVU) Through viscosity(RVU) Breakdown(RVU) Final viscosity(RVU) Setback(RVU)
Youngojinmi 69.35±0.44d z,y 160.83±1.53e 97.23±3.11e 63.62±2.78d 177.31±2.02e 16.48±1.92a
Dasan 73.95±0.05c 231.25±2.06d 119.28±0.43d 111.98±2.26b 202.87±1.62d -28.39±1.09d
Hanarem2 74.94±0.41b 251.03±4.16b 138.78±4.36b 112.25±6.75b 241.14±3.54b -9.89±6.24c
Hanarem3 84.57±0.42a 246.95±0.86b 148.39±1.81a 98.56±2.65c 258.62±3.61a 11.67±4.39ab
Hanarem4 73.12±0.83c 262.06±3.04a 128.53±3.16c 133.53±5.82a 219.73±3.01c -42.34±6.03e
Geumgang1 73.90±0.06c 239.81±3.96c 143.75±7.79ab 96.06±8.53c 245.72±7.71b 5.92±7.43b

Nutrition quality analysis of proximate compositions according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Variety Proximate composition (g/100 g)
Moisture Crude ash Crude protein Crude fat Carbohydrate Dietary fiber
Youngojinmi 9.22±0.49a z,y 1.20±0.02a 7.60±0.02d 2.47±0.39a 79.53±0.37a 5.21±0.97a
Dasan 9.97±0.37a 1.12±0.06bc 7.44±0.01e 1.92±0.16a 79.57±0.42a 4.17±0.62a
Hanarem2 9.83±0.37a 1.14±0.04abc 8.39±0.07a 2.04±0.25a 78.62±0.18a 4.43±0.68a
Hanarem3 9.33±0.51a 1.17±0.06ab 7.95±0.05b 2.16±0.27a 79.42±0.38a 4.30±0.64a
Hanarem4 9.31±0.45a 1.07±0.01c 8.00±0.01b 2.28±0.33a 79.37±0.36a 4.32±0.58a
Geumgang1 9.34±0.52a 1.12±0.06bc 7.78±0.07c 2.31±0.40a 79.48±0.54a 4.88±0.10a

Nutrition quality analysis of amino acids according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Variety Amino acid (%)
Cysteine Methionine Aspartic acid Threonine Serine Glutamic acid
Youngojinmi 0.22±0.04a z,y 0.18±0.03a 0.53±0.07a 0.23±0.03a 0.29±0.05a 1.02±0.13a
Dasan 0.18±0.03a 0.13±0.02b 0.51±0.03a 0.20±0.01a 0.27±0.02a 0.95±0.05a
Hanarem2 0.21±0.02a 0.18±0.02a 0.50±0.06a 0.22±0.03a 0.28±0.03a 1.00±0.12a
Hanarem3 0.22±0.03a 0.18±0.03a 0.53±0.02a 0.22±0.01a 0.28±0.02a 1.00±0.04a
Hanarem4 0.21±0.02a 0.17±0.01a 0.56±0.05a 0.23±0.02a 0.29±0.03a 1.09±0.08a
Geumgang1 0.20±0.02a 0.17±0.02a 0.53±0.08a 0.23±0.04a 0.29±0.05a 1.04±0.16a
Variety Amino acid (%)
Glycine Alanine Valine Isoleucine Leucine Tyrosine
Youngojinmi 0.28±0.04a z,y 0.35±0.05a 0.35±0.05a 0.24±0.03a 0.49±0.07a 0.27±0.03a
Dasan 0.26±0.02a 0.32±0.02a 0.32±0.02a 0.21±0.01a 0.46±0.03a 0.26±0.02a
Hanarem2 0.26±0.04a 0.33±0.05a 0.34±0.05a 0.23±0.03a 0.47±0.06a 0.26±0.01a
Hanarem3 0.27±0.02a 0.34±0.02a 0.35±0.02a 0.23±0.02a 0.48±0.02a 0.28±0.01a
Hanarem4 0.29±0.03a 0.37±0.03a 0.37±0.03a 0.25±0.02a 0.52±0.04a 0.29±0.02a
Geumgang1 0.28±0.04a 0.35±0.06a 0.35±0.05a 0.23±0.04a 0.49±0.08a 0.28±0.04a
Variety Amino acid (%)
Phenylalanine Lysine Histidine Arginine Proline
Youngojinmi 0.32±0.04a z,y 0.23±0.03a 0.15±0.02a 0.47±0.06a 0.27±0.04a
Dasan 0.30±0.02a 0.20±0.01a 0.14±0.01a 0.47±0.03a 0.25±0.02a
Hanarem2 0.31±0.04a 0.21±0.03a 0.14±0.02a 0.46±0.06a 0.26±0.04a
Hanarem3 0.31±0.02a 0.22±0.01a 0.14±0.01a 0.47±0.02a 0.27±0.02a
Hanarem4 0.34±0.03a 0.23±0.02a 0.15±0.01a 0.50±0.04a 0.29±0.03a
Geumgang1 0.32±0.05a 0.22±0.04a 0.15±0.03a 0.48±0.08a 0.28±0.05a

Nutrition quality analysis of mineral contents according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Variety Mineral content (mg/100 g)
Potassium Phosphorus Calcium Magnesium
Youngojinmi 270.17±11.73a z,y 370.94±5.10a 11.05±0.68a 110.51±1.54a
Dasan 229.68±15.30c 331.34±10.52c 13.11±1.35a 103.51±3.59bc
Hanarem2 234.18±24.49bc 333.19±11.93c 9.72±0.45a 98.60±6.94c
Hanarem3 263.08±7.98ab 354.85±3.56b 11.34±0.99a 109.18±0.71ab
Hanarem4 232.35±4.21c 332.66±8.03c 10.68±0.29a 98.18±0.93c
Geumgang1 247.58±19.90abc 348.38±7.62b 11.34±2.67a 106.82±2.74ab
Variety Mineral content (mg/100 g)
Natrium Ferrum Mangan Zinc
Youngojinmi 6.04±4.47a z,y 0.72±0.06bc 1.38±0.16cd 1.07±0.12b
Dasan 10.28±6.32a 0.94±0.15a 2.17±0.10a 1.43±0.05a
Hanarem2 6.74±2.48a 0.88±0.14ab 1.21±0.13d 1.01±0.04b
Hanarem3 8.45±2.18a 0.68±0.17bc 1.72±0.03b 1.09±0.10b
Hanarem4 5.73±3.44a 0.63±0.11c 1.01±0.13e 1.00±0.10b
Geumgang1 9.82±5.29a 0.66±0.04c 1.45±0.11c 1.15±0.07b

Nutrition quality analysis of fatty acids according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

Variety Fatty acid (mg/g)
Myristic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid
Youngojinmi 0.22±0.01c z,y 7.34±0.08a 0.78±0.02a 10.26±0.15a 10.19±0.10a
Dasan 0.19±0.01e 5.34±0.02d 0.57±0.01d 7.76±0.08d 8.55±0.08d
Hanarem2 0.21±0.01d 6.03±0.09c 0.61±0.01c 9.30±0.07b 9.26±0.07c
Hanarem3 0.27±0.01a 6.02±0.11c 0.63±0.01c 8.81±0.22c 9.91±0.21ab
Hanarem4 0.22±0.01c 6.69±0.26b 0.79±0.03a 9.64±0.40b 9.83±0.35b
Geumgang1 0.26±0.01b 6.09±0.16c 0.69±0.02b 10.34±0.25a 9.25±0.18c
Variety Fatty acid (mg/g)
α-Linolenic acid Arachidic acid Eicosenoic acid Lignoceric acid
Youngojinmi 0.51±0.01a z,y 0.17±0.01a 0.15±0.01a 0.28±0.01b
Dasan 0.34±0.01e 0.12±0.01e 0.12±0.01c 0.30±0.01a
Hanarem2 0.41±0.01d 0.16±0.01b 0.13±0.01b 0.26±0.01c
Hanarem3 0.48±0.02b 0.13±0.01d 0.12±0.01c 0.28±0.01b
Hanarem4 0.42±0.02d 0.14±0.01c 0.11±0.01d 0.25±0.01d
Geumgang1 0.44±0.02c 0.16±0.01b 0.12±0.01c 0.26±0.01c
Table 1 Amylose content and chromaticity of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 2 Texture properties of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zKgf=Kilogram-force.

yEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

xDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 3 Pasting properties of Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 4 Nutrition quality analysis of proximate compositions according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3)

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05)

Table 5 Nutrition quality analysis of amino acids according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 6 Nutrition quality analysis of mineral contents according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 7 Nutrition quality analysis of fatty acids according to Tongil type varieties and ‘Younghojinmi’.

zEach value is mean±standard deviation (n=3).

yDifferent letters in the same column are significantly different (by ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05).

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

ABOUT

BROWSE ARTICLES

FOR CONTRIBUTORS

EDITORIAL POLICIES

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science.