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New Cultivar Developed

쓰러짐에 강하고 알이 작아 콩나물 수율이 높은 나물용 콩 품종 ‘해원’

강범규1,*, 서정현1, 김홍식1, 김현태1, 이영훈1, 이병원1, 최만수1, 하태정1, 고종민1, 윤홍태1, 백인열1, 성정숙1, 신상욱1, 박지희1, 서민정1, 최진실2, 양우삼3, 정찬식1

Lodging Tolerance and High Sprout Yield with Small Seed Soybean Cultivar ‘Haewon’ for Soy-sprout

Beom Kyu Kang1,*, Jeong Hyun Seo1, Hong Sik Kim1, Hyun Tae Kim1, Young Hoon Lee1, Byung Won Lee1, Man Soo Choi1, Tae Joung Ha1, Jong Min Ko1, Hong Tai Yun1, In Youl Baek1, Jung Sook Sung1, Sang Ouk Shin1, Ji Hee Park1, Min Jeong Seo1, Jin Sil Choi2, Woo Sam Yang3, Chan Sik Jung1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2021;53(1):53-59.
Published online: March 1, 2021

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2전라남도농업기술원

3제주특별자치도농업기술원

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* Corresponding Author (E-mail: hellobk01@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1233, Fax: +82-55-353-3050)
• Received: November 16, 2020   • Revised: November 17, 2020   • Accepted: December 18, 2020

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  • ‘Haewon’ is a soybean cultivar for soy-sprouts. ‘Bosug’ and ‘Somyeong’ were crossed in 2003, and promising lines were selected from F3 to F6 using the pedigree method (Pedigree: HS1450-2B-3-1-1-2-2-1). Preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2010 to 2011, and regional yield trials (RYT) were conducted in five regions (Suwon, Naju, Miryang, Dalseong, and Jeju) from 2012 to 2014. In the RYTs, ‘Haewon’ had a smaller seed weight and higher yield than the standard cultivar ‘Pungsannamulkong’, which are desirable characteristics for the soy-sprout process. The morphological characteristics of ‘Haewon’ are as follows: determinate plant type, purple flowers, gray pubescence, yellow pods, small, yellow spherical seeds (8.1 g/100-seeds), and light brown hilum. The flowering and maturity dates were July 29th and October 6th, respectively. Plant height and first pod height were 55 cm and 12 cm, respectively. The lodging tolerance was also strong compared to that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. The germination rate, total length, hypocotyl length, thickness, and sprout yield of soybean sprouts were 97%, 19.1 cm, 8.8 cm, 2.1 mm, and 513%, respectively. The yield in adaptable regions was 337 kg/10 a, 16% higher than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. ‘Haewon’ can be used for soy-sprout with favorable seed size and soy-sprout characteristics, such as germination and sprout-yield. (Registration No. 6637).
국내에서 생산되는 콩[Glycine max. (L.) Merr]은 대부분 주곡 및 가공식품의 원료로 활용되고 있으며, 그 시장규모는 장류 7,229억원, 두부 4,498억원, 콩나물 약 3,000억원 수준이다(aT 2018, aT 2019). 국내 가공용 콩 사용량의 약 75%는 수입에 의존하고 있으나 원료에 대한 품질과 안정성 등을 이유로 국산콩에 대한 수요는 항상 존재하며, 주곡에 대한 식량자급률 등 안보 문제와도 연관되어 있기 때문에 고품질 원료를 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 국내 적응 콩 품종개발은 매우 중요한 과제이다.
그 중 나물용 콩은 연간 약 3만 7천톤의 원료곡 수요가 있으며 국내 생산량은 약 6천 9백톤으로 약 18.7%의 자급률을 나타내고 있어 많은 부분을 수입에 의존하고 있다(KREI 2016-2020). 2016년 국립식량과학원 밭작물개발과가 주최한 밭작물 전시회에서 임의의 326명을 대상으로 조사한 설문에 따르면 콩 가공식품 구매 시 품질 차이와 신뢰성 때문에 국산콩 여부가 가장 중요한 기준으로, 수입산보다 비싸더라도 구매의사가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 소비자 요구를 위해 나물용 콩 원료곡도 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 기반을 조성해야 한다.
특히, 나물용 콩은 농가에서의 재배 및 수량도 중요하지만 최종 상품을 출하하기위해서는 발아 특성과 콩나물 특성도 매우 중요하다. 먼저, 발아세와 발아율 등 종자의 발아능력이 중요하며, 콩나물 특성으로는 배축의 신장속도가 빠르고 부패 및 경실립수가 적어야 품질이 우수한 콩나물을 재배할 수 있고, 또한 수율이 높아야 경제성이 향상될 수 있다(Shin et al. 1995, Kim et al. 2014). 대립이면서도 우수한 품종도 있어 종실 크기 만으로 배축 신장성을 결정하는 것은 아니나 대체로 소립 콩이 우수한 경향을 나타냄으로 나물용 콩은 소립으로 개발하는 것이 유리하다(Lee et al. 2012).
국립식량과학원에서는 재배 안정성이 높으면서도 콩나물 가공적성이 우수한 콩나물용 콩 품종을 개발하고자 노력하여 ‘해원’ 을 개발하였다. ‘해원’은 극소립으로 콩나물 수율과 재배특성이 우수하고 쓰러짐에 강하며 수량성이 높은 특성을 가지고 있어, 농가 및 가공업체의 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. ‘해원’의 육성내력과 주요특성에 대해 소개하고자 한다.
육성 과정
‘해원’은 극소립 다수성 나물용 콩 품종개발을 위해 ‘보석’ (IT213209, 남해/Camp)을 모본으로, ‘소명’(IT211812, 은하/방사)을 부본으로 인공교배하여 계통육종법으로 선발한 품종이다(Fig. 1). 2003년 인공교배 하여, 2004년 F1세대 집단, 2005년 F2세대 집단을 전개하여 개체를 선발하였다. 2006년~2009년 F3~F6세대를 계통으로 전개하여 재배 특성이 우수하고 종실이 작은 계통을 선발하여 2010년 생산력검정 예비시험, 2011년 생산력검정 본시험을 수행하고 안정적인 수량성을 나타내어 밀양253호의 계통명을 부여하여 2012년~2014년 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 지역적응시험에서는 쓰러짐에 강하고 수량이 높으면서 발아특성과 콩나물 수율이 우수한 것으로 평가되어, 2014년 12월 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신규등록 품종으로 결정하고 ‘해원’을 품종명으로 명명하였다(Fig. 2).
생산력검정시험
2010년 생산력검정 예비시험(PYT, Preliminary Yield Trial), 2011년 생산력검정 본시험(AYT, Advanced Yield Trial)을 대구광역시 달성군에 위치한 국립식량과학원 대구시험지에서 수행하였다. 생산력검정 예비시험은 시험구 면적 8.4 m2, 재식거리 70 × 15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배하고 난괴법 2반복으로 배치하였다. 생산력검정 본시험은 시험구 면적 11.2 m2, 재식거리 70 × 15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배하고 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 주요 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하였다(RDA 2012).
지역적응시험
지역적응시험(RYT, Regional Yield Trial)의 시험지역은 경기 수원, 전남 나주, 대구 달성(2013년~2014년), 경남 밀양(2012년), 제주 등 5개 지역에서 2012년부터 2014년까지 3년간 수행되었다. 재배 방법은 시험구 면적 11.2 m2, 재식 거리 70 × 15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 수원, 달성, 밀양은 난괴법 4반복으로 배치하였으며 나주와 제주는 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 파종기는 6월 중순경으로 설정하였고 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준에 따라 생육특성 및 수량성을 조사하고 표준품종인 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비교하였다.
내병성검정
대구시험지 검정포장에 5월 상순(2012년 5월 10일, 2013년 5월 8일, 2014년 5월 7일)에 파종하여 콩모자이크바이러스(SMV)와 불마름병(Bacterial pustule, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines)의 병징이 나타난 개체 수를 조사하여 정도(0-9)로 기록하여, 콩모자이크바이러스와 불마름병의 자연 이병률을 평가하였다.
콩모자이크바이러스 인공접종 평가는 G5 (Lim et al. 2003), G6H (Seo et al. 2009), G7H (Kim et al. 2003)를 이용하였으며 각각의 이병 잎을 마쇄하여 2 mole 농도의 인산 나트륨 버퍼에 녹인 후 즙액을 만들어 초생엽 전개시 Carborundom powder를 이용하여 잎 표면에 상처를 낸 후 접종 하였다. 접종 후 약 2주 뒤 접종한 하위엽과 상위엽을 병반 없음(-), 갈색 병반(L), 엽맥 병반(V), 모자익 증상(M), 고사(N), 5 가지 병징으로 판별 및 조사 하였다.
불마름병 인공접종 평가는 8 ra 균계를 패트리디시에 증식 후 증류수에 희석한 흡광도 0.2-0.3의 접종액을 제 2~3본엽기에 충분히 분무접종하고 습식처리 후 10일이 경과하고 2회에 걸쳐 잎에 나타난 병징의 면적을 조사하고 정도(0-9)로 평가하였다.
검은뿌리썩음병(Root rot)은 과습포장에 재배하여 자연이병 개체수를 조사하여 전 개체수에 대한 백분율로 나타내었다. 종자 이병립율은 시험구에서 임의로 100립을 추출하여 3반복으로 자반병(Purple seed stain, Cercospora kikuchii), 갈반병(Seed mottling), 미이라병(Phomopsis seed decay, Phomopsis longicolla) 이병립수를 조사하였다. 콩나방 피해립율(Pod borer damage)은 경기도 연천 콩나방 상습 발병지(경기 연천)에서 피해립율을 조사하였다.
내도복성 및 내탈립성
내도복성 검정을 위해 70 × 7.5 cm로 2배 밀식재배하여 시험구 2.8 m2의 난괴법 2반복 배치하여 도복 정도를 조사하였다. 도복 정도는 성숙기에 45° 이상 기울어진 개체의 비율로 등급화(1: 5% 이하, 3: 6~10%, 5: 11~50%, 7: 51~75%, 9: 76% 이상)하였다. 반복 및 연차 간 등급을 평균하여 1~9로 최종 등급을 표시하였다. 협개열 정도는 성숙한 꼬투리 20개를 성숙기에 채취하여 40℃ 건조기에 48시간 건조 후 꼬투리의 터짐 정도를 조사하였다.
품질분석
단백질 함량은 질소 분석기(Elementar Analysen system, US/RapidN111, germany)를 이용하여 분석하였으며 지방함량 및 지방산 조성분석은 자동유지추출장치(Soxhlet System: BUCHI Labotechnik, B-811, AG, Switzerland)에 넣고 n-hexane으로 3시간 열수 추출한 후 지방함량을 구하였다. 그리고 지방산 조성 분석은 가스크로마토그래피(Agilent, GC 7890A, USA)로 분석하였다.
이소플라본은 성분 분석을 위해 분쇄한 시료 1.0 g을 50% methanol 용액 20 mL에 12시간 실온에서 교반한 뒤 추출액을 여과지(Whatman NO. 2)를 이용하여 여과하였다. 여과된 시료는 다시 HPLC 분석을 위해 0.45 ㎛로 재여과하였고 액체크로마토그래피(Agilent, 1100, USA)로 분석하였다. 이소플라본은 배당체와 비배당체의 함량을 모두 합하여 표시하였다.
발아 특성 및 콩나물 특성 평가
발아 특성은 패트리디시에 여과지(Whatman No.1)를 놓고 종자 50립을 치상하여 25℃ 항온 항습기에서 증류수로 종실이 마르지 않도록 관리하여 발아율을 4반복으로 조사 하였다. 발아율은 5일째 종실의 상태를 확인하여 종피를 뚫고 유근이 출현한 것을 기준으로 조사하였으며, 총 시험 종자에 대한 발아 종자의 백분율로 나타내었다.
콩나물 특성은 바닥면에 구멍이 있는 플라스틱 박스(20 × 20 × 20 cm)를 이용하여, 종자 300 g을 4시간 수침한 후 기온 20℃, 수온 20℃로 조절된 암실상태의 콩나물 재배기(㈜가라뫼)에 치상하여 5일간 재배하고 특성을 조사하였다. 관수는 매 4시간에 3회로 설정하였다.
콩나물 특성으로는 전장, 배축장, 근장, 배축 직경, 수율을 조사하였다. 전장, 배축장, 배축 직경, 근장은 10개의 콩나물을 임의로 추출하여 조사하였으며 콩나물 수율은 전구를 대상으로 조사하였다. 전장은 콩나물 전체 길이, 배축장은 콩나물 머리와 뿌리를 제외한 배축 길이, 배축 직경은 콩나물 배축 중 가장 두꺼운 부분의 직경, 근장은 콩나물 전장에서 배축장의 길이를 뺀 길이를 기준으로 조사하였다. 콩나물 수율은 전장 5 cm 이상 콩나물의 무게를 원료콩 무게에 대한 백분율로 조사하였다.
고유특성 및 생육특성
‘해원’은 유한신육형이며 엽형은 피침형, 화색은 자색, 모용색은 회색, 협색은 황색, 종실은 구형이며 종피색은 황색, 배꼽색은 담갈색이다(Table 1). 개화기는 7월 29일, 성숙기는 10월 6일로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 각각 3일 빠르다. 경장은 55 cm, 착협고는 12 cm, 마디수는 16개, 분지수는 4.0개, 협수는 84개, 100립중은 8.1 g으로 조사되었다. 내도복성은 표준재배 시 ‘1’, 밀식재배 시 ‘2’로 평가되어 각각 ‘6’, ‘6’으로 평가된 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 쓰러짐에 강하였다. 내탈립성 또한 실내 협개열성 평가에서 5.5%로 ‘풍산나물콩’(13.9%)보다 강하여 성숙기 꼬투리가 쉽게 터지지 않는 특성을 지녔다(Table 2). ‘해원’은 재배적으로 경장, 착협고, 마디수, 분지수, 협수 등 조사 결과가 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비슷하나, 초형은 타원형이며 줄기와 뿌리가 강해 쓰러짐에 강하고 개화기와 성숙기가 빨라 생육후기 태풍 등 기상요인에 의한 재해 회피성이 높아 재배안정성이 향상되어 종자 품질, 수량 확보 및 작부체계상 유리한 특성을 지니고 있다.
내병충성
내병충성 검정결과 불마름병은 검정포장에서 ‘1’, 인공접종 시 ‘0’으로 평가되어 각각 ‘2’, ‘3’으로 평가된 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 강하였다. 검은뿌리썩음병 비율은 1.1%로 평가되어 ‘풍산나물콩’(0.4%)보다 높았다. 콩모자이크바이러스는 인공접종 시 G7H, G6H, G5 레이스에서 상위엽 모자이크 증상이 나타났으나, 검정포장에서는 ‘0’으로 평가되었다. 종실 이병립율 조사결과 자반병은 0.9%, 갈반병은 0.4%, 미이라병은 0.2%로 조사되어 총 이병립율 1.5%로 2.3%로 평가된 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 콩나방 피해립율은 0.2%로, 0.6%로 평가된 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 낮았다(Table 3).
종실 성분 및 가공 적성
‘해원’ 종실의 단백질 함량은 39.8%, 지방 함량은 16.8%, 포화지방산은 15.7%, 불포화 지방산은 84.3%로 분석되어 일반적인 수준이었다. 이소플라본은 총 함량 3,474 ㎍/g으로 ‘풍산나물콩’(1,644 ㎍/g)보다 높게 분석되었다. 콩나물특성 평가결과 발아율 97%로 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 우수하였고 콩나물 전체 길이는 19.1 cm로 18.6인 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 길어 콩나물 생장속도가 빨라 수율 측면에서 유리하나, 배축길이는 8.8 cm로 10.1인 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 짧아 소비자 입장에서는 식용부인 배축부가 짧기 때문에 재배 일수 또는 온도를 조절하여 적절한 길이가 될 수 있도록 재배할 필요가 있다. 배축굵기는 2.1 mm로 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 얇은 경향을 나타내어 두절용(찜용) 외에 일반용 콩나물로 활용하는 것이 유리하다. 콩나물 수율은 통계적 차이는 없었으나 513%로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 6% 포인트 증수되는 경향을 나타내었다(Table 4).
수량성
2010년~2011년에 실시한 생산력검정시험에서 평균 수량 333 kg/10a로 ‘풍산나물콩’과 비슷하게 평가되었다(Table 5). 2012년~2014년 전국 5개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 전국 평균 324 kg/10a로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 10% 증수되었고, 적응지역인 남부지역(수원 제외)에서 337 kg/10a로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 16% 증수된 것으로 나타났다(Table 6).
재배상의 유의점
‘해원’은 극소립 품종으로 종실 무게가 지나치게 감소되는 것을 예방하기 위해 적기(6월 중순)에 파종해야 한다.
‘해원’은 극소립 다수성 나물용 콩 품종 개발을 목적으로 2003년 콩 품종 ‘보석’과 ‘소명콩’을 인공교배하여 계통육종법으로 우량계통을 선발하고, 2010년~2011년 생산력검정시험 및 2012~ 2014년 지역적응시험(수원, 나주, 달성, 밀양, 제주)을 통해 안정성과 균일성이 인정되어 신품종심의위원회를 거쳐 신품종으로 육성되었다.
‘해원’은 유한신육형이며 엽형이 피침형, 화색이 자색, 모용색이 회색, 협색은 황색이며 종실은 극소립 구형으로 백립중이 8.1 g으로 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 3.1 g작고 종피색은 황색, 배꼽색은 담갈색 특성을 지니고 있다. 개화기는 7월 29일, 성숙기는 10월 6일로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 각각 3일 빠르며, 생육 형태는 경장 55 cm, 착협고 12 cm 마디수는 16개, 분지수는 4.0개로 조사되었으며, ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 쓰러짐과 협개열성에 강한 특성을 가지고 있다.
내병성 검정결과 불마름병과 콩모자이크바이러스에 강하였으며 자반병, 갈반병, 미이라병 등 종실 이병립율도 1.5%로 ‘풍산나물콩’보다 낮아 우수하였다. 종실의 성분 분석결과 단백질 39.8%, 지방 16.8%, 이소플라본 3,474 ㎍/g로 분석되었다. 콩나물 가공적성 평가 결과에서는 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 콩나물 길이(19.1 cm)가 길고 배축(2.1 mm)이 얇으며 수율(513%)이 높은 특성을 나타내었다.
수량성은 지역적응시험 결과 수원을 제외한 적응지역 평균 337 kg/10a로 ‘풍산나물콩’ 대비 16% 증수된 다수성 품종이다. ‘해원’은 경장이 작고 쓰러짐에 강해 재배에 안정적이며 종자 크기가 작아 콩나물 수율이 높은 특성을 가지고 있어 나물용 콩 재배에 적합하다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제명: 수요자 맞춤형 고품질 나물용 콩 품종개발, 과제번호: PJ014839032020)의 지원에 의해 수행되었다.
Fig. 1
Genealogical diagram of 'Haewon'.
kjbs-53-1-53-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Pedigree diagram of 'Haewon', zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial, xRegional yield trial.
kjbs-53-1-53-f2.jpg
Table 1
Qualitative characteristics of ‘Haewon’.
Table 1
Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Flower color Pubescence color Pod color Seed coat color Hilum color Seed shape
Haewon Determinate Lanceolate Purple Gray Yellow Yellow Light brown Spherical
Pungsannamulkong Determinate Lanceolate Purple Gray Yellow Yellow Yellow Spherical
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Haewon’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 2
Cultivar Flowering date Maturity date Plant height (cm) First pod height (cm) No. of nods No. of branches No. of pods 100-seed weight (g) Lodging at field (1-9)z Shattering
Normal culture Dense culture Field (1-9)y Ratio by oven test (%)
Haewon 7.29 10.6 55 12 16 4.0 84 8.1 1 2 3 5.5
Pungsannamulkong 8.1 10.9 56 11 15 3.7 83 11.2 6 6 1 13.9
t-valuex - - -0.26ns 0.55ns 0.32ns 0.71ns 0.14ns -5.32*** - - - -

z(1)Tolerant~(9)Susceptible

y(1)No shattering~(9)Easy to shattering

xns means ‘non-significant’, *** means significant difference between ‘Haewon’ and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ by student t-test at 0.001 level of probability.

Table 3
The resistance of ‘Haewon’ for the diseases of soybean evaluated from 2012 to 2014.
Table 3
Cultivar Bacterial Pustule (0-9)z Root rot (%)y Soybean Mosaic Virusx Damaged seed (%)y
Field Inoculation Inoculation Field (0-9)z Purple seed stain Seed mottling Phomopsis seed decay Pod borer damage
G5 G6H G7H
Haewon 1 0 1.1 - / M V / M - / M 0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2
Pungsannamulkong 2 3 0.4 L / M - / M - / M 2 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.6

z(0)Tolerant~(9)Susceptible

yRoot rot and damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-)No symptom, (L)Local reaction, (V)Vein reaction, (M)Mosaic.

Table 4
Major component of seed and soy-sprout characteristics for ‘Haewon’ evaluated from 2012 to 2014.
Table 4
Cultivar Crude protein (%) Crude oil (%) Fatty acids (%) Total isoflavone (㎍/g) Soy-sprout
Saturated Unsaturated Germination rate (%) Whole length (cm) Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hypocotyl thickness (mm) Yield (%)
Haewon 39.8 16.8 15.7 84.3 3,474 97 19.1 8.8 10.3 2.1 513
Pungsannamulkong 41.0 17.5 15.0 85.0 1,644 96 18.6 10.1 8.5 2.3 507
t-valuez -1.19ns -1.68ns 0.56ns -0.56ns 5.57* 0.22ns 0.24ns -1.51ns 1.11ns -1.66ns 0.07ns

zns means ‘non-significant’, * means significant difference between ‘Haewon’ and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ by student t-test at 0.05 level of probability.

Table 5
Result of yield trials for ‘Haewon’ in Daegu experiment station from 2010 to 2011.
Table 5
Cultivar Yield (Ton/ha) Indexx
PYT (2010)z AYT (2011)y Mean
Haewon 341 325 333 101
Pungsannamulkong 388 271 330 100

zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial, xMean yield of cultivar/mean yield of ‘Pungsannamulkong’ × 100.

Table 6
The result of regional yield trials for ‘Haewon’ in 5 locations from 2012 to 2014.
Table 6
Location Haewon Pungsannamulkong Indexz
2012 2013 2014 Mean 2012 2013 2014 Mean
Suwon 235 263 358 285 215 340 351 302 94
Naju 372 485 329 395 261 455 288 335 118
Dalseong - 407 289 348 - 359 271 315 110
Milyang 312 - - 312 279 - - 279 112
Jeju 259 270 306 278 230 239 236 235 118
Adaptable meany 314 387 308 337 257 351 265 291 116
Overall meanx 295 356 321 324 246 348 287 294 110
t-valuew - - - 1.33ns - - - - -

zMean yield of Haewon / mean yield of Pungsannamulkong × 100

yMean yield of evaluated regions (Naju, Dalseong, Milyang, and Jeju) except Suwon

xMean yield of all the regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, Milyang, and Jeju)

wns means ‘non-significant’ between Haewon and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test.

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Lodging Tolerance and High Sprout Yield with Small Seed Soybean Cultivar ‘Haewon’ for Soy-sprout
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(1):53-59.   Published online March 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.1.53
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Lodging Tolerance and High Sprout Yield with Small Seed Soybean Cultivar ‘Haewon’ for Soy-sprout
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2021;53(1):53-59.   Published online March 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2021.53.1.53
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Lodging Tolerance and High Sprout Yield with Small Seed Soybean Cultivar ‘Haewon’ for Soy-sprout
Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogical diagram of 'Haewon'.
Fig. 2 Pedigree diagram of 'Haewon', zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial, xRegional yield trial.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Lodging Tolerance and High Sprout Yield with Small Seed Soybean Cultivar ‘Haewon’ for Soy-sprout

Qualitative characteristics of ‘Haewon’.

Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Flower color Pubescence color Pod color Seed coat color Hilum color Seed shape
Haewon Determinate Lanceolate Purple Gray Yellow Yellow Light brown Spherical
Pungsannamulkong Determinate Lanceolate Purple Gray Yellow Yellow Yellow Spherical

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Haewon’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar Flowering date Maturity date Plant height (cm) First pod height (cm) No. of nods No. of branches No. of pods 100-seed weight (g) Lodging at field (1-9)z Shattering
Normal culture Dense culture Field (1-9)y Ratio by oven test (%)
Haewon 7.29 10.6 55 12 16 4.0 84 8.1 1 2 3 5.5
Pungsannamulkong 8.1 10.9 56 11 15 3.7 83 11.2 6 6 1 13.9
t-valuex - - -0.26ns 0.55ns 0.32ns 0.71ns 0.14ns -5.32*** - - - -

z(1)Tolerant~(9)Susceptible

y(1)No shattering~(9)Easy to shattering

xns means ‘non-significant’, *** means significant difference between ‘Haewon’ and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ by student t-test at 0.001 level of probability.

The resistance of ‘Haewon’ for the diseases of soybean evaluated from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar Bacterial Pustule (0-9)z Root rot (%)y Soybean Mosaic Virusx Damaged seed (%)y
Field Inoculation Inoculation Field (0-9)z Purple seed stain Seed mottling Phomopsis seed decay Pod borer damage
G5 G6H G7H
Haewon 1 0 1.1 - / M V / M - / M 0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2
Pungsannamulkong 2 3 0.4 L / M - / M - / M 2 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.6

z(0)Tolerant~(9)Susceptible

yRoot rot and damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-)No symptom, (L)Local reaction, (V)Vein reaction, (M)Mosaic.

Major component of seed and soy-sprout characteristics for ‘Haewon’ evaluated from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar Crude protein (%) Crude oil (%) Fatty acids (%) Total isoflavone (㎍/g) Soy-sprout
Saturated Unsaturated Germination rate (%) Whole length (cm) Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hypocotyl thickness (mm) Yield (%)
Haewon 39.8 16.8 15.7 84.3 3,474 97 19.1 8.8 10.3 2.1 513
Pungsannamulkong 41.0 17.5 15.0 85.0 1,644 96 18.6 10.1 8.5 2.3 507
t-valuez -1.19ns -1.68ns 0.56ns -0.56ns 5.57* 0.22ns 0.24ns -1.51ns 1.11ns -1.66ns 0.07ns

zns means ‘non-significant’, * means significant difference between ‘Haewon’ and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ by student t-test at 0.05 level of probability.

Result of yield trials for ‘Haewon’ in Daegu experiment station from 2010 to 2011.

Cultivar Yield (Ton/ha) Indexx
PYT (2010)z AYT (2011)y Mean
Haewon 341 325 333 101
Pungsannamulkong 388 271 330 100

zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial, xMean yield of cultivar/mean yield of ‘Pungsannamulkong’ × 100.

The result of regional yield trials for ‘Haewon’ in 5 locations from 2012 to 2014.

Location Haewon Pungsannamulkong Indexz
2012 2013 2014 Mean 2012 2013 2014 Mean
Suwon 235 263 358 285 215 340 351 302 94
Naju 372 485 329 395 261 455 288 335 118
Dalseong - 407 289 348 - 359 271 315 110
Milyang 312 - - 312 279 - - 279 112
Jeju 259 270 306 278 230 239 236 235 118
Adaptable meany 314 387 308 337 257 351 265 291 116
Overall meanx 295 356 321 324 246 348 287 294 110
t-valuew - - - 1.33ns - - - - -

zMean yield of Haewon / mean yield of Pungsannamulkong × 100

yMean yield of evaluated regions (Naju, Dalseong, Milyang, and Jeju) except Suwon

xMean yield of all the regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, Milyang, and Jeju)

wns means ‘non-significant’ between Haewon and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 1 Qualitative characteristics of ‘Haewon’.
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Haewon’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

z(1)Tolerant~(9)Susceptible

y(1)No shattering~(9)Easy to shattering

xns means ‘non-significant’, *** means significant difference between ‘Haewon’ and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ by student t-test at 0.001 level of probability.

Table 3 The resistance of ‘Haewon’ for the diseases of soybean evaluated from 2012 to 2014.

z(0)Tolerant~(9)Susceptible

yRoot rot and damaged seed that were naturally infected in the field were estimated

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, (-)No symptom, (L)Local reaction, (V)Vein reaction, (M)Mosaic.

Table 4 Major component of seed and soy-sprout characteristics for ‘Haewon’ evaluated from 2012 to 2014.

zns means ‘non-significant’, * means significant difference between ‘Haewon’ and ‘Pungsannamulkong’ by student t-test at 0.05 level of probability.

Table 5 Result of yield trials for ‘Haewon’ in Daegu experiment station from 2010 to 2011.

zPreliminary yield trial, yAdvanced yield trial, xMean yield of cultivar/mean yield of ‘Pungsannamulkong’ × 100.

Table 6 The result of regional yield trials for ‘Haewon’ in 5 locations from 2012 to 2014.

zMean yield of Haewon / mean yield of Pungsannamulkong × 100

yMean yield of evaluated regions (Naju, Dalseong, Milyang, and Jeju) except Suwon

xMean yield of all the regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, Milyang, and Jeju)

wns means ‘non-significant’ between Haewon and Pungsannamulkong at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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