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New Cultivar Developed

노랑종피 결각엽 녹두 품종 ‘삼황’

김동관1,*, 최진실1, 김선곤1, 이경동2, 서민정3, 강범규4

A New Mungbean Cultivar, ‘Samhwang’, with Yellow Seed Coat and Lobed Leaflets

Dong-Kwan Kim1,*, Jin-Sil Choi1, Seon-Gon Kim1, Kyung-Dong Lee2, Min-Jung Seo3, Beom-Kyu Kang4
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(2):179-183.
Published online: June 1, 2020

1전남농업기술원

2동신대학교

3국립식량과학원 중부작물부

4국립식량과학원 남부작물부

1Crop Research Division, JARES, Naju 5823, Republic of Korea

2Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju 5845, Republic of Korea

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* Corresponding Author (E-mail: kms1996@korea.kr, Tel: +82-61-330-2521, Fax: +82-61-336-8177)
• Received: March 17, 2020   • Revised: March 27, 2020   • Accepted: April 10, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new mung bean cultivar, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek ‘Samhwang’, was derived from a cross between ‘Samgang’ and ‘KM9901-3B-15-2-4’ obtained in 2006 and developed at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JARES) in 2014. ‘Samhwang’ has an erect growth habit, lobed leaflets, green hypocotyls, light yellow corolla, and a dull yellow seed surface. Its stem length was 64 cm, 5 cm shorter than that of the control cultivar ‘Owool’. The 1000-seed weight was 53 g, i.e., 4 g heavier than that of ‘Owool’. ‘Samhwang’ exhibited similar field resistance to mung bean mottle virus, cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, and lodging when compared with that of the control cultivar. The sprout yield ratio and hard seed rate were the same as those of ‘Owool’. The average seed yield of ‘Samhwang’ was 1.76 ton/ha, which was 14% greater than that of ‘Owool’ (Registration No. 5877).
녹두(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)의 생산성은 일반적으로 일사량에 비례하여 증가하고 차광정도에 비례하여 감소하는 경향이다(Kim et al. 2006). 녹두는 소형 자엽과 갸름한 초생엽이 나온 후에 긴 엽병에 3개의 소엽이 달린 정상복엽이 대성하여 전개하고, 소엽은 일반적으로 심장형이나 일부 결각형인 자원이나 품종도 있다(Kim et al. 2006). 소엽이 결각형인 품종은 심장형에 비해 수관 아래까지 도달하는 광량이 많아 광합성에 유리할 것으로 본다. 이러한 장점을 활용하고자 국내에서는 결각형 소엽을 가진 품종 2개가 육성되었다. 그 중에 ‘삼강’은 종피에 광택이 있고(Lee et al. 2004), ‘아름’은 쓰러짐에 약해(Kim et al. 2019b) 유통과 안정적 생산에 불리하게 작용되어 널리 보급되지 못했다. 녹두의 주요 병은 결협 후에 서늘하고 비가 자주 내릴 때 잎에 많이 발병하고 심하면 일찍 낙엽되어 수량 감소에 큰 영향을 미치는 갈색무늬병, 건조한 기후에 발생하는 흰가루병 등이 있으나 최근에 육성된 품종은 중간 이상의 저항성을 가지고 있어 생산현장에서 크게 문제되지 않는다. 녹두의 종피색은 대부분 녹색이고 일부 황색, 갈색, 암갈색, 흑갈색인 자원도 있다(Kim et al. 2006). 노랑색 종피 녹두는 녹색과 차별화가 가능하여 가공 및 유통업체를 중심으로 계약재배를 통한 떡, 음료, 편의식 등의 제품을 개발하여 지역특화 품목으로 육성하려 하였으나 국내에 보급된 품종은 모두 녹색이어서 황색 종피 품종개발이 필요하였다. 최근 국내에서 첫번째로 육성된 노랑색 종피 녹두 ‘진황’의 수량성은 나주와 밀양 지역에서는 표준품종인 ‘어울’보다 각각 14%, 9% 많은 반면 수원지역에서는 11% 적어 적응지역이 남부지역으로 한정된다(Kim et al. 2019a). 녹두 껍질에 대부분 함유된 비텍신과 이소비텍신은 일반적으로 동일 무게당 종실 표면적이 넓은 소립일수록 함량이 많은 경향이고, 항염증과 미백활성이 우수하여 미백제품 등의 원료로 사용되는데(Kim et al. 1998, Kim et al. 2008) 산업적으로 크게 활용되지 못하는 실정이다. 이에 반해 일반적으로 녹두 유통과정에서 종실 크기를 기준으로 품질이 결정되는데 그 크기가 클수록 상품으로 취급한다. 그러나 종실이 클수록 수량성이 떨어지고 재배환경에 따른 생육과 수량변이가 커 농가의 요구를 충족하는 품종이 거의 없다. 따라서 소엽이 결격형이고 종피가 노랑색이고 남부와 중부지역 모두 적응하며 양적형질이 우수한 녹두 ‘삼황’을 육성하였기에 그 육성경위와 주요특성 등을 요약 보고하는 바이다.
재배방법 및 특성조사
‘삼황’의 질적형질, 생태반응, 내재해성, 생산성 등의 평가는 경기 수원(국립식량과학원 중부작물부), 경남 밀양(국립식량과학원 남부작물부), 전남 나주(전라남도농업기술원)에서 난괴법 4반복으로 ‘어울’과 비교하였다. 2012년부터 2014년에 수원에서 각각 6월 26일, 6월 14일, 6월 18일, 밀양에서 각각 6월 11일, 6월 18일, 6월 17일, 나주에서 각각 6월 22일, 6월 26일, 6월 19일에 60×10 cm로 5~6립씩 점파하고 2엽기에 주당 2개체씩 남기고 솎아주었다. 시비방법은 ha 당 질소, 인산, 칼리를 각각 40 kg, 70 kg, 60 kg씩 파종 3~5일 전에 전량 밑거름으로 시용하였고, 기타 재배요령은 관행에 준하였다. ‘삼황’의 신육형, 소엽 모양, 꼬투리와 종실 특성 등 질적형질은 녹두 유전자원 특성조사 및 관리 요령(Kim et al. 2006)에 따라 조사하였다. 개화시 등 생태반응, 경장과 꼬투리수 등 양적형질, 병해와 도복 저항성 및 수량성 등의 조사는 신품종개발공동연구사업 과제수행계획서(RDA 2012)에 준하였다.
이화학분석
‘삼황’의 비텍신과 이소비텍신은 전남 나주에서 2013년과 2014년 1차와 2차에 수확한 종실로 각각 분석하여 평균하였다. 수확하여 탈곡한 종실은 40℃에서 수분 함량이 13%가 되도록 건조하고 분쇄하여 분석시료로 이용하였다. 분쇄한 종실 분말에 70% 에탄올을 가하고 80℃에서 90분간 추출하여 여과(Whatman No. 2)하고 증류수로 정용한 후에 syringe filter (0.2 μm)로 여과하여 HPLC로 분석하였다. HPLC는 Waters 2695 Alliance System (Milford, MA, USA)으로 Table 1의 조건(Kim et al. 2008)에서 분석하였다. 비텍신과 이소비텍신 표준물질을 이용하여 외부표준물질의 농도별 피크 면적을 기초로 검량식에 의해 계산하였다.
나물 품위와 수율 조사
전남 나주(전라남도농업기술원)에서 2013년과 2014년에 1차에 수확된 종실 200 g을 원료곡으로 하여 5반복 나물을 재배하고 그 품위와 수율을 조사하였다. 나물재배기로 암 조건에서 물(25± 0.5℃)를 시간당 12회(각 1분씩) 공급하면서 2013년은 27±0.5℃에서 72시간, 2014년은 25±0.5℃에서 96시간 재배하였다. 배축장과 근장은 반복당 20개체씩 조사하였고, 경실비율은 원료곡 종실수와 나물 재배 후에 경실을 취하여 경실수/원료곡 종실수 ×100으로 산출하였다. 생산수율은 나물 생산 직후에 충분히 수분을 제거하고 무게를 측정하여 나물 생체중/원료곡 무게× 100으로 산출하였다(Kim et al. 2009).
통계 분석
통계 분석은 R을 이용하였고, 육성품종과 표준품종간의 차이는 t-test로 유의수준 5%(p<0.05)에서 검정하였다.
육성경위
‘삼황’은 천립중이 55 g으로 무겁고 잎 모양이 결각인 ‘삼강’ (Lee et al. 2004)이 모본이고, 2005년부터 2년간 전남 나주에서 수행한 생산력검정에서 경장이 작고 황색 종피인 ‘KM9901-3B-15-2-4’ (JARES 2006)이 부본이다. 2006년 3월에 유리온실에 파종하고 5월에 교배하여 6월에 획득한 종실로 7~9월에 유리온실에서 F1을 양성하고 2007년부터 노지포장에서 5년간 F2~F6 세대를 육성하여 선발한 계통 ‘KM0607-B-12-9-1-2-1’이다. 전남 나주에서 2010년부터 2년간 생산력검정을 실시한 결과, 소엽이 결각형으로 심장형보다 수관 하부에 도달하는 광이 많아 광합성 효율이 좋을 것으로 예상되고 ‘어울’과 수량이 비슷하여 ‘전남44호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 수원, 밀양 및 나주에서 2012년부터 3년간 지역적응성을 검토한 결과, 종실이 비교적 큰 편이고 노랑색 종피이기 때문에 차별화 및 특산화가 가능한 품종으로 인정되어 2014년 12월에 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정하고 ‘삼황’으로 명명되었다. ‘삼황’의 육성 계통도는 Fig. 1, 계보도는 Fig. 2와 같다.
고유특성
‘삼황’은 직립 초형에 결각 소엽 모양과 녹색 배축 및 담황색 꽃을 가졌다. 꼬투리는 성숙되었을 때 검정색이고 곧으며 중간 정도의 개열성을 가졌다. 성숙된 종실 모양은 원통형이고 종피는 광택이 없는 황색이다(Table 2).
일반특성 및 내재해성
‘삼황’의 개화시와 성숙시는 각각 7월 25일과 8월 14일로 ‘어울’보다 2일 빠르다. 경장은 64 cm로 ‘어울’보다 5 cm 작고 개체당 꼬투리수는 21.6개, 꼬투리당 종실수는 11.0개로 비슷하며 천립중은 53 g으로 4 g 무겁다(Table 3). 일반적으로 녹두는 종실이 클수록 상품성이 증가되므로 생산자, 유통업체 모두 선호할 것으로 보아진다. ‘삼황’의 병에 대한 포장저항성 지수는 모자이크바이러스 0.7 (발병주 0.1~1%), 갈색무늬병 1.3 (발병엽 0.1~10%) 및 흰가루병 0.4 (발병엽 0.1~10%)로 ‘어울’과 비슷하고, 도복에 대한 포장저항성 지수는 4.2 (성숙기에 45° 이상 기울어진 개체의 비율 11~50%)로 3.0 (성숙기에 45° 이상 기울어진 개체의 비율 6~10%)인 ‘어울’보다 약간 낮은 편이다(Table 4).
품질특성
‘삼황’의 비텍신과 이소비텍신 함량은 각각 12.1 mg/g, 11.1 mg/g으로 ‘어울’의 9.1 mg/g, 9.0 mg/g보다 약간 많은 편이나 유의차는 없다(Table 5). 녹두에 함유된 비텍신과 이소비텍신은 대부분 껍질에 분포되는데(Kim et al. 2008) 녹색 종피인 ‘어울’과 함량이 비슷하고, 황색 종피인 ‘진황’과 녹색 종피인 ‘어울’ 간에 유의차가 없다는 결과(Kim et al. 2019a) 및 Kim (2008)의 보고와 같이 종피색과 관계가 적은 것으로 보아진다. ‘삼황’을 원료로 하여 생산한 녹두나물의 배축 길이는 6.7 cm, 뿌리 길이는 7.0 cm로 ‘어울’과 차이가 없다. 녹두나물 생산을 완료하였을 때 발아되지 않았으면서 원료곡 상태로 단단하게 유지하는 경실의 비율은 ‘삼황’ 5.4%, ‘어울’ 4.3%로 유의차가 없다. 그리고 원료곡 대비 녹두나물의 생산수율은 707%로 ‘어울’과 비슷한 특징을 가졌다(Table 6).
수량성
수원, 밀양, 나주에서 2012년부터 3년간 지역적응성을 검정한 결과, ‘삼황’의 ha당 평균 수량은 1.76톤으로 ‘어울’의 1.54톤보다 14% 많으나 유의차는 없다(Table 7). 이와 같은 수량 차이는 전술한 바와 같이 꼬투리수와 종실수는 ‘어울’과 비슷하나 천립중이 4 g (8%) 무거운 특성이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 2012년, 2013년 및 2014년에 3지역의 ha당 평균 수량은 ‘어울’보다 각각 10%, 14%, 16% 많은 것으로 보아 ‘삼황’은 남부지역뿐만 아니라 중부지역도 적응지역으로 판단된다.
적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘삼황’의 적응지역은 남부 및 중부이고 보통의 녹두 특성과 같게 습해에 약하므로 배수가 잘되는 포장에서 재배한다. 아열대 및 열대 지역에서 원산인 작물이므로 가급적 고랭지 재배는 지양하고 토양과 대기온도가 상승된 6월 중⋅하순에서 7월 중⋅하순에 파종하는 것이 좋다.
녹두 신품종 ‘삼황’은 ‘삼강’과 ‘KM9901-3B-15-2-4’를 2006년에 교배하여 2014년에 전라남도농업기술원에서 육성되었다. ‘삼황’의 초형은 직립이고 잎 모양은 결각이며 배축은 녹색이고 꽃색은 연한 노랑이며 종실 모양은 드럼형이고 종피는 광택이 없는 황색이다. 경장은 64 cm로 표준품종인 ‘어울’보다 5 cm 작고 천립중은 53 g으로 4 g 무겁다. ‘삼황’의 바이러스, 갈색무늬병, 흰가루병 및 쓰러짐에 대한 저항성은 표준품종과 비슷하다. 나물 수율과 경실 비율은 표준품종인 ‘어울’과 비슷하다. ha당 수량은 1.76톤으로 ‘어울’보다 14% 많다(품종보호권등록번호: 제5877호, 2016년 2월 1일).
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
KJBS-52-179-f1.gif
Fig. 2
Parentage diagram of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
KJBS-52-179-f2.gif
Table 1
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions for analysis of vitexin and isovitexin.
Table 1
Items Conditions
Mobile phase A (H2O : EtOAC = 92 : 8) : B (MeOH) = 85 : 15
Flow rate 1 mL/min
Detector Photo diode array 254 nm
Column Type SunFire C18 (5 μm, 4.6×150 mm)
Oven temperature 40℃
Table 2
Inherent characteristics of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
Table 2
Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Hypocotyl color Corolla color Pod Seed
Color at maturity Shattering Curvature Coat color Surface luster Shape
Samhwang Erect Lobed Green Light yellow Black Moderate Straight Yellow Dull Angular drum
Owool Erect Heart Green Light yellow Black Moderate Straight Green Dull Angular drum
Table 3
Agronomic characteristics of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 3
Cultivar 1st flowering date 1st maturing date Stem length (cm) No. of pod per plant No. of seed per pod 1,000-seed weight (g)
Samhwang July 25 Aug. 14 64* 21.6ns 11.0ns 53*
Owool July 27 Aug. 16 69 21.8 11.4 49

nsNot significant in the t-test, while *Significant at p<0.05.

Table 4
Field resistance to diseases and lodging of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 4
Cultivar Mungbean mottle virus (0~9)z Cercospora leaf spot (0~9) Powdery mildew (0~9) Lodging (1~9)y
Samhwang 0.7ns 1.3ns 0.4ns 4.2ns
Owool 1.0 1.1 0.3 3.0

z0: Resistant, 9: Susceptble; y1: Resistant, 9: Susceptble

nsNot significant in the t-test.

Table 5
Contents of flavonoid of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
Table 5
Cultivar Vitexin (mg/g) Isovitexin (mg/g)
Samhwang 12.1ns 11.1ns
Owool 9.1 9.0

nsNot significant in the t-test.

Table 6
Sprout characteristics and yield a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
Table 6
Cultivar Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hard seed rate (%) Sprout yield (%) Sprout yield indexz
Samhwang 6.7ns 7.0ns 5.4ns 707ns 102
Owool 6.7 7.1 4.3 692 100

z(Sprout yield of Samhwng / Sprout yield of Owool)×100

nsNot significant in the t-test.

Table 7
Seed yield of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 7
Location Samhwang (MT/ha) Owool (MT/ha) Mean yieldindexz
2012 2013 2014 Mean 2012 2013 2014 Mean
Suwon (NICS)y 1.19 1.09 1.43 1.24 1.18 1.30 0.89 1.12 110
Miryang (NICS)x 1.70 2.11 1.50 1.77 1.57 1.99 1.08 1.55 114
Naju (JARES)w 1.34 3.52 1.93 2.26 1.24 3.01 1.58 1.94 116
Mean 1.41 2.24 1.62 1.76ns 1.33 2.10 1.18 1.54 114

z(Mean seed yield of Samhwng / Mean seed yield of Owool)×100

yDepartment of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science.

xDepartment of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science.

wCrop Research Division, Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Servies.

nsNot significant in the t-test.

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A New Mungbean Cultivar, ‘Samhwang’, with Yellow Seed Coat and Lobed Leaflets
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(2):179-183.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.2.179
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A New Mungbean Cultivar, ‘Samhwang’, with Yellow Seed Coat and Lobed Leaflets
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(2):179-183.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.2.179
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A New Mungbean Cultivar, ‘Samhwang’, with Yellow Seed Coat and Lobed Leaflets
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
Fig. 2 Parentage diagram of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

A New Mungbean Cultivar, ‘Samhwang’, with Yellow Seed Coat and Lobed Leaflets

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions for analysis of vitexin and isovitexin.

Items Conditions
Mobile phase A (H2O : EtOAC = 92 : 8) : B (MeOH) = 85 : 15
Flow rate 1 mL/min
Detector Photo diode array 254 nm
Column Type SunFire C18 (5 μm, 4.6×150 mm)
Oven temperature 40℃

Inherent characteristics of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.

Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Hypocotyl color Corolla color Pod Seed
Color at maturity Shattering Curvature Coat color Surface luster Shape
Samhwang Erect Lobed Green Light yellow Black Moderate Straight Yellow Dull Angular drum
Owool Erect Heart Green Light yellow Black Moderate Straight Green Dull Angular drum

Agronomic characteristics of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar 1st flowering date 1st maturing date Stem length (cm) No. of pod per plant No. of seed per pod 1,000-seed weight (g)
Samhwang July 25 Aug. 14 64* 21.6ns 11.0ns 53*
Owool July 27 Aug. 16 69 21.8 11.4 49

Field resistance to diseases and lodging of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar Mungbean mottle virus (0~9)z Cercospora leaf spot (0~9) Powdery mildew (0~9) Lodging (1~9)y
Samhwang 0.7ns 1.3ns 0.4ns 4.2ns
Owool 1.0 1.1 0.3 3.0

Contents of flavonoid of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.

Cultivar Vitexin (mg/g) Isovitexin (mg/g)
Samhwang 12.1ns 11.1ns
Owool 9.1 9.0

Sprout characteristics and yield a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.

Cultivar Hypocotyl length (cm) Root length (cm) Hard seed rate (%) Sprout yield (%) Sprout yield indexz
Samhwang 6.7ns 7.0ns 5.4ns 707ns 102
Owool 6.7 7.1 4.3 692 100

Seed yield of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Location Samhwang (MT/ha) Owool (MT/ha) Mean yieldindexz
2012 2013 2014 Mean 2012 2013 2014 Mean
Suwon (NICS)y 1.19 1.09 1.43 1.24 1.18 1.30 0.89 1.12 110
Miryang (NICS)x 1.70 2.11 1.50 1.77 1.57 1.99 1.08 1.55 114
Naju (JARES)w 1.34 3.52 1.93 2.26 1.24 3.01 1.58 1.94 116
Mean 1.41 2.24 1.62 1.76ns 1.33 2.10 1.18 1.54 114
Table 1 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions for analysis of vitexin and isovitexin.
Table 2 Inherent characteristics of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.
Table 3 Agronomic characteristics of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

nsNot significant in the t-test, while *Significant at p<0.05.

Table 4 Field resistance to diseases and lodging of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

0: Resistant, 9: Susceptble; y1: Resistant, 9: Susceptble

Not significant in the t-test.

Table 5 Contents of flavonoid of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.

nsNot significant in the t-test.

Table 6 Sprout characteristics and yield a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’.

(Sprout yield of Samhwng / Sprout yield of Owool)×100

Not significant in the t-test.

Table 7 Seed yield of a mungbean cultivar ‘Samhwang’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

(Mean seed yield of Samhwng / Mean seed yield of Owool)×100

Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science.

Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science.

Crop Research Division, Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Servies.

Not significant in the t-test.

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