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New Cultivar Developed

알파-리놀렌산 함량이 높고 소분지 직립초형인 종실들깨 ‘소담’ 육성

이명희1, 김정인1,*, 김성업1, 오은영1, 배석복1, 황정동1, 송득영1, 오기원3, 하태정1, 정찬식2, 곽도연1

Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Sodam’ with High Alpha-linolenic Acid Content and Upright Growth with Narrow Branch Angle for Edible Seeds

Myoung Hee Lee1, Jung In Kim1,*, Sung Up Kim1, Eunyoung Oh1, Suk Bok Pae1, Chung Dong Hwang1, Deuk Yung Song1, Ki Won Oh3, Tae Joung Ha1, Chan Sik Jung2, Do Yeon Kwak1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(2):140-144.
Published online: June 1, 2020

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

3농촌진흥청

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* Corresponding Author (E-mail: kji1204@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1228, Fax: +82-55-353-3050)
• Received: October 28, 2019   • Revised: October 29, 2019   • Accepted: February 17, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • Perilla has a long history of cultivation and consumption in Korea. Its cultivar ‘Sodam’, which is used for its oil and powder, was developed from a cross between two parents ‘K015926’ and ‘Miryang27’. The parents were crossed in 2004, and their progenies were selected from F3 to F5 generations through pedigree method. Regional yield trials (RYTs) were conducted in four regions from 2012 to 2014. ‘Sodam’ is a light gray and small spherical-seeded cultivar. It matures earlier (October 2) than ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’, a standard cultivar, and the number of flower clusters per plant as well as the number of ears per cluster is higher in ‘Sodam’ than in the standard cultivar. Its seeds contain approximately 46.4% crude fat, and the oil is rich (about 65.0%) in alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. ‘Sodam’ is characterized by upright plant growth with narrow branch angles. The average yield of this cultivar was 1.23 ton/ha in adaptable regions. ‘Sodam’ is expected to be a potential cultivar source for production of good quality perilla oil (Registration No. 6729).
들깨(Perilla frutescens Britt.)는 꿀풀과(Labiatae)에 속하는 1년생 초본으로, 우리나라를 비롯하여 인도, 중국, 러시아 등 동북아시아에 분포하고 있다(Lee et al. 2011). 들깨 종자에는 오메가-3계열 지방산인 알파-리놀렌산이 식물중 가장 많이 함유(60% 이상)되어 있다. 알파-리놀렌산은 몸속에서 DHA와 EPA로 변하여 혈중 콜레스테롤을 낮추고, 뇌의 기능을 촉진하는 효과가 확인되어 학습능력 및 인지능력 개선 등 식의약 소재로 각광받고 있다(Lee et al. 2017). 들깨에 함유되어 있는 루테올린은 항바이러스와 미백 효과가 있고, 로즈마린산은 항산화와 치매예방에 좋은 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한 잎에는 식물성 정유성분인 페릴라케톤(PerillaKetone)이라는 독특한 향기물질이 있어 종자와 잎 모두 식용으로 널리 이용되고 있다(Lee et al. 1998). 들깨의 기능성이 알려지면서 소비증가와 가격 상승으로 최근 7년간 재배면적 1.3배, 생산량 1.5배, 생산액 1.6배로 증가하고, 들기름의 생산량과 생산액도 최근 5년간 약 85% 증가하여 농가 소득작물로서 자리잡고 있다. 하지만 종실들깨는 국내 생산기반 확대를 위한 기계화 생산기술 개발이 미흡하다. 전국 평균 단수는 100~120 kg/10a로 절대수량이 낮은 불리함이 있으며, 이를 극복하기 위한 고기능성⋅다수성 품종과 기계 수확에 적합한 초형(내도복⋅소분지⋅직립초형) 개선 등이 필요하다.
최근 들기름 가공업체에서는 수량과 기름 함량 뿐만 아니라 기능성이 높은 품종에 관심을 가지고 있으며, 안정적 원료곡 생산을 위한 우량 품종 생산 단지를 조성하고 있다. 또한 농가에서는 기계 수확에 적합한 품종을 요구하고 있다.
국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서는 기능성이 높으며, 기계 수확에 적합한 초형을 가진 종실들깨 품종을 육성하기 위하여 분지가 1~2개로 소분지 초형이면서 성숙기가 11월 하순인 들깨 유전자원 ‘K015926’을 모본으로 하고, 기름함량이 많고 성숙기가 10월 상순인 ‘밀양27호’를 부본으로 인공교배하였다. 계통육종법에 따라 세대로 진전시키면서 분지수가 적고 화방각도가 직립인 초형을 가지고 있으며, 알파-리놀렌산 함량이 높고 10월 상순에 수확이 가능한 YPS154-B-21-3-2을 선발하여 ‘밀양61호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 이 계통을 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 우수성이 인정되어 직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 ‘소담’(Sodam)으로 명명, 육성하게 되어 이 품종의 육성경위와 주요특성을 보고하고자 한다(RDA 2013).
계통육성 및 생산력검정시험
‘소담’ 품종 육성을 위해 계통육성시험과 생산력검정시험을 2004년부터 2011년까지 국립식량과학원 남부작물부(경남 밀양) 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 계통육성시험은 재식거리 60×25 cm, 1주 1본으로 재배하였으며, 시비관리는 들깨 표준시비량인 1,000 m2당 질소-인산-가리를 4.0-3.0-2.0 kg을 기비로 주었다. 생산력검정시험은 시험구 면적 9.6 m2, 재식거리 60×25 cm, 1주 1본으로 재배하고 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준에 따라 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하였다(RDA 2012).
지역적응시험
지역적응시험은 국립식량과학원 남부작물부(경남 밀양), 충청북도농업기술원(충북 청원), 전라북도농업기술원(전북 익산)에서 2012년부터 2014년까지 3년간 수행되었으며, 국립식량과학원 중부작물부(경기 수원)에서는 2013년부터 2014년까지 2년간 수행되었다. 재배방법은 시험구 면적 12 m2, 재식거리 60×25 cm, 1주 1본으로 재배하고 밀양은 난괴법 4반복으로 배치하였으며, 이외 지역은 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 파종기는 6월 중순으로 설정하였고 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준에 따라 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하고 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’와 비교하였다.
품질 및 이화학 분석
수확 후 들깨 종자의 주요성분 분석으로 조지방 함량은 분쇄시료 2.0 g을 추출용매(n-hexane)에 첨가하여 자동 속시렛 추출장치(Buchi B-811 extracted system)를 이용하여 추출하여 수분 보정한 값을 환산하여 측정하였다. 지방산 분석은 기름150 μl과 시약(MeOH:H2SO4:Toluene=20:1:10) 5 ml를 가하여 1시간 중탕을 통하여 지방의 methyl ester로 변환시킨 후 Gas chromatography (7890A, Agilent, USA)를 이용해 분석하였다. GC column은 HP-FFAP capillary, 온도는 150-230℃, Carrier gas는 N2 등 분석조건으로 수행하였다. 종자의 단백질은 시료 1 g을 자동 Kjeldahl (rapip N cube, Elementar, Germany) 기기로 분석하였다. 로즈마린산 등 페놀화합물은 시료 1 g을 80% 메탄올에 추출하여 High performance liquid chromatography (Dionex Ultimate 3000 series, Germany) 기기로 분석하였다(Lee et al. 2009).
육성 경위
‘소담’은 종실수확을 목적으로 하는 들깨 품종육성을 위하여 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서 2004년 하계에 분지가 1~2개로 소분지 초형이면서 성숙기가 11월 하순인 들깨 유전자원 ‘K015926’를 모본으로 하고, 기름함량이 많고 성숙기가 10월 상순인 ‘밀양27호’를 부본으로 하여 인공교배한 후 '05-'06년도에 F1, F2세대를 양성하였다. 계통육종법에 따라 세대를 진전시키면서 분지수가 적고 화방각도가 직립인 초형을 가지고 있으며, 10월 상순에 수확이 가능한 ‘YPS154-B-21-3-2’를 선발하여 ‘밀양61호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2012년부터 2014년까지 3개년간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과, 내도복⋅소분지 직립초형이며, 기름과 알파-리놀렌산 함량이 높아 2014년 농작물 직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정되었으며, ‘소담’으로 명명하였다. ‘소담’의 육성경위를 도식화하면 Fig. 1과 같다.
농업적 특성
‘소담’은 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’ 와 같이 꽃색은 흰색이고, 잎색은 녹색이며 피침형이다. 하지만 종자는 ‘새엽실들깨’가 연갈색임에 반해 회백색으로 구별된다(Table 1). ‘소담’은 성숙기가 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 4일정도 빠른 10월 2일경이며, 경장이 116 cm 로 작다. 분지수가 11개로 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 적으며 도복에 강하다. 화방군의 특성으로 화방군장이 11.9 cm로 길며, 화방군당삭수가 40개, 식물체 전체 화방군수도 83개로 많다. 하지만 1,000립중이 2.8 g으로 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 가벼운 소립종이다(Table 2, Fig. 2).
품질 특성
‘소담’은 조지방 함량이 46.4%로 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 8.4% 더 높아 착유 시 유리하다. 또한 지방산 중 오메가-3 계열로 학습능력향상과 심혈관질환예방에 효과(Lee et al. J Med Food. 2016)가 있는 알파-리놀렌산 함량이 65.0%로 ‘새엽실들깨’ 보다 3% 더 높게 함유하고 있다(Table 3).
수량성
‘소담’은 '10~'11년 2개년간 하계에 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 1 ha당 평균 수량이 0.97 MT으로 표준품종에 비해 95% 수준이었으며(Table 4), 4개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과에서는 1 ha당 1.23 MT으로 표준품종에 비해 대비 92% 수준이었다(Table 5).
적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘소담’은 종실 및 기름용으로 키가 작고 도복에 강해 전국에서 재배가 가능한 품종이다. 잎전용으로 재배할 경우 잎수량이 감소될 수 있으므로 종실전용으로만 재배하는 것이 좋으며, 가로등이나 차량 불빛이 비치는 곳에서는 꽃눈 분화가 억제되어 종실수량이 감소되므로 재배를 삼가야 한다.
‘소담’은 종실수확을 목적으로 하는 품종개발을 위하여 2004년 하계에 ‘K015926’을 모본으로 하고, ‘밀양27호’를 부본으로 인공교배하여 계통육종법으로 선발한 ‘YPS154-B-21-3-2’ 계통으로 계통명은 ‘밀양61호’ 이며 주요특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다.
‘소담’의 잎은 녹색, 줄기색은 적색이며, 꽃색은 흰색이다. 종자는 회백색의 구형이며 천립중이 2.8 g인 소립종이다. 성숙기가 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 4일정도 빠른 10월 2일경이며, 경장과 분지수가 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 작으며 도복에 강하다. 하지만 화방군수와 군당삭수가 많고 화방군장이 길다. 조지방 함량은 46.4%이며, 지방산 중 알파-리놀렌산 함량은 65.0%으로 높은 품종이다. ‘소담’은 '09~'10년 2개년간 하계에 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 1 ha당 평균 수량이 0.97 MT으로 표준품종에 비해 95% 수준이었으며, 4개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과에서는 1 ha당 1.23 MT으로 표준품종의 92% 수준이다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 시험연구사업(세부과제명: 기계화 수확 적합형 및 고품질 종실들깨 신품종 육성, 과제번호: PJ01425901)의 지원에 의해 이루어졌다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of a new perilla variety, ‘Sodam’.
KJBS-52-140-f1.gif
Fig. 2
Comparison of plant (a) and grain (b) in ‘Sodam’ (Left) and ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ (Right).
KJBS-52-140-f2.gif
Table 1
Qualitative characteristics of ‘Sodam’.
Table 1
Cultivar Stem color Flower color Leaf color Seed
front back color shape
Sodam Red White Green Green Light Gray Spherical
Saeyeopsildeulkkae Red White Green Green Light Brown Spherical
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Sodam’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 2
Cultivar Maturing Date Plant height (cm) No. of Branch No. of FCz per plant No. of Ear per cluster Length of FC (cm) 1,000 grain wt. (g) Lodging (1~9)y
Sodam Oct. 2 116±14.4 11±1.5 83±0.8 40±5.6 11.9±1.2 2.8±0.2 1
Saeyeopsildeulkkae Oct. 6 142±9.9 14±1.1 65±4.3 29±1.7 8.4±1.4 5.0±0.4 2
t-valuex -2.50* -2.26* -3.01* 7.55** 3.22* 3.35* -8.19** -0.25ns

zFC: Flower Cluster

yLodging level 1: less than 5% plant fall down, 3: 6~10%, 5: 11~50%, 7: 51~75%, 9: More than 76% plant fall down

xns is not significantly different between ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ and ‘Sodam’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 3
Major components of seed in ‘Sodam’ estimated from 2012 to 2014.
Table 3
Cultivar Crude fat (%) Crude protein (%) Fatty acid composition (%) Polyphenol compound (μg/g)
Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Rosmarinic acid Luteoline Apigenin
Sodam 46.4±1.9 22.3±4.0 7.0±0.4 1.9±0.1 11.8±1.4 14.2±2.9 65.0±3.3 1533.8 104.1 99.8
Saeyeopsildeulkkae 38.0±1.5 22.4±2.8 6.3±0.5 2.3±0.3 14.7±2.6 14.7±1.2 62.0±2.8 1688.1 ND ND
t-valuez 6.11** -0.31ns 2.06ns -1.77ns -1.70ns -0.26ns 4.21* -1.80ns - -

zns is not significantly different between ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ and ‘Sodam’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 4
Yield of ‘Sodam’ on Yield trials carried out at Miryang.
Table 4
Cultivar Grain Yield (MT/ha) Index
10 11 Mean
Sodam 0.94 0.99 0.97 95
Saeyeopsildeulkkae 0.97 1.07 1.02 100
t-valuez -0.52ns

zns is not significantly different between ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ and ‘Sodam’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 5
Yield of ‘Sodam’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 locations.
Table 5
Locations Sodam (MT/ha) Index (A/B*100) Saeyeopsildeulkkae (MT/ha)
12 13 14 Mean (A) 12 13 14 Mean (B)
Miryang 0.97 1.29 1.19 1.15 94 1.06 1.47 1.31 1.28
Suwon - 0.99 1.28 1.14 84 - 1.05 1.40 1.23
Cheongwon 1.84 1.53 1.06 1.48 95 1.87 2.05 1.18 1.70
Iksan 1.03 1.18 1.15 1.12 91 1.17 1.36 1.03 1.19
Mean 1.28 1.25 1.17 1.23 92 1.37 1.48 1.23 1.36
T0.05=1.027z

zIt means significantly difference between cultivar yield at 5% level.

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Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Sodam’ with High Alpha-linolenic Acid Content and Upright Growth with Narrow Branch Angle for Edible Seeds
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(2):140-144.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.2.140
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Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Sodam’ with High Alpha-linolenic Acid Content and Upright Growth with Narrow Branch Angle for Edible Seeds
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(2):140-144.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.2.140
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Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Sodam’ with High Alpha-linolenic Acid Content and Upright Growth with Narrow Branch Angle for Edible Seeds
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of a new perilla variety, ‘Sodam’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of plant (a) and grain (b) in ‘Sodam’ (Left) and ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ (Right).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Sodam’ with High Alpha-linolenic Acid Content and Upright Growth with Narrow Branch Angle for Edible Seeds

Qualitative characteristics of ‘Sodam’.

Cultivar Stem color Flower color Leaf color Seed
front back color shape
Sodam Red White Green Green Light Gray Spherical
Saeyeopsildeulkkae Red White Green Green Light Brown Spherical

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Sodam’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar Maturing Date Plant height (cm) No. of Branch No. of FCz per plant No. of Ear per cluster Length of FC (cm) 1,000 grain wt. (g) Lodging (1~9)y
Sodam Oct. 2 116±14.4 11±1.5 83±0.8 40±5.6 11.9±1.2 2.8±0.2 1
Saeyeopsildeulkkae Oct. 6 142±9.9 14±1.1 65±4.3 29±1.7 8.4±1.4 5.0±0.4 2
t-valuex -2.50* -2.26* -3.01* 7.55** 3.22* 3.35* -8.19** -0.25ns

Major components of seed in ‘Sodam’ estimated from 2012 to 2014.

Cultivar Crude fat (%) Crude protein (%) Fatty acid composition (%) Polyphenol compound (μg/g)
Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Rosmarinic acid Luteoline Apigenin
Sodam 46.4±1.9 22.3±4.0 7.0±0.4 1.9±0.1 11.8±1.4 14.2±2.9 65.0±3.3 1533.8 104.1 99.8
Saeyeopsildeulkkae 38.0±1.5 22.4±2.8 6.3±0.5 2.3±0.3 14.7±2.6 14.7±1.2 62.0±2.8 1688.1 ND ND
t-valuez 6.11** -0.31ns 2.06ns -1.77ns -1.70ns -0.26ns 4.21* -1.80ns - -

Yield of ‘Sodam’ on Yield trials carried out at Miryang.

Cultivar Grain Yield (MT/ha) Index
10 11 Mean
Sodam 0.94 0.99 0.97 95
Saeyeopsildeulkkae 0.97 1.07 1.02 100
t-valuez -0.52ns

Yield of ‘Sodam’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 locations.

Locations Sodam (MT/ha) Index (A/B*100) Saeyeopsildeulkkae (MT/ha)
12 13 14 Mean (A) 12 13 14 Mean (B)
Miryang 0.97 1.29 1.19 1.15 94 1.06 1.47 1.31 1.28
Suwon - 0.99 1.28 1.14 84 - 1.05 1.40 1.23
Cheongwon 1.84 1.53 1.06 1.48 95 1.87 2.05 1.18 1.70
Iksan 1.03 1.18 1.15 1.12 91 1.17 1.36 1.03 1.19
Mean 1.28 1.25 1.17 1.23 92 1.37 1.48 1.23 1.36
T0.05=1.027z
Table 1 Qualitative characteristics of ‘Sodam’.
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Sodam’ determined by regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

FC: Flower Cluster

Lodging level 1: less than 5% plant fall down, 3: 6~10%, 5: 11~50%, 7: 51~75%, 9: More than 76% plant fall down

ns is not significantly different between ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ and ‘Sodam’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 3 Major components of seed in ‘Sodam’ estimated from 2012 to 2014.

ns is not significantly different between ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ and ‘Sodam’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 4 Yield of ‘Sodam’ on Yield trials carried out at Miryang.

ns is not significantly different between ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’ and ‘Sodam’ at 0.05 by student t-test.

Table 5 Yield of ‘Sodam’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 locations.

It means significantly difference between cultivar yield at 5% level.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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