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저항전분 기능성 고아밀로스 벼 ‘도담쌀 (밀양261호)’

조준현1,*, 송유천1, 이종희1, 이지윤1, 손영보2, 오성환1, 한상익1, 김춘송1, 정국현1, 박동수1, 이점식3, 여운상1, 곽도연1

‘Dodamssal (Milyang261)’, Functional Rice as a Resistant Starch with a High Amylose Content

Jun Hyeon Cho1,*, You Chun Song1, Jong Hee Lee1, Ji Yoon Lee1, Young Bo Son2, Seong Hwan Oh1, Sang Ik Han1, Chun Song Kim1, Kuk Hyun Chung1, Dong Soo Park1, Jeom sig Lee3, Un Sang Yeo1, Do Yeon Kwak1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(4):515-522.
Published online: December 1, 2019

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2경상북도농업기술원

3농촌진흥청

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* Corresponding Author (E-mail: hy4779@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1169, Fax: +82-55-352-3059)
• Received: October 14, 2019   • Revised: October 15, 2019   • Accepted: October 27, 2019

Copyright © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Dodamssal’ was developed as a functional rice by means of a cross between ‘Goamibyeo’, a high amylose cultivar for noodle rice, and ‘Goami2’, a mutant cultivar derived from ‘Ilpum’ treated with N-methyl N-nitrosourea (MNU), with a high amylose content. The bulk population was displayed from F2 to F4, followed by pedigree methods from F5, where line selection was performed based on amylose mutants with an opaque endosperm. Finally, ‘Milyang261’, which has a high amylose content and high resistant starch content, was selected and named as ‘Dodamssal’ in 2013. ‘Dodamssal’ is a mid-maturing ecotype with a heading date of August 10, susceptibility to both viruses and insects, and showed a slightly high viviparous germination rate of 23.4%. The yield capacity of ‘Dodamssal’ was 529 kg/10a over a 3-year regional yield test and would be suitable for cultivation in the middle and southern plain areas of Korea. The amylose content of ‘Dodamssal’ is 42.8%, with a grain appearance of opaque endosperms. Moreover, the starch granule of ‘Dodamssal’ was a round particle shape, unlike the polygonal shape of the ordinary grain. ‘Dodamssal’ is functional variety with resistant starch and dietary fiber contents of 13.6% and 5.3%, respectively (Registration No. 5637).
인구구조와 식습관 변화에 따라 최근 쌀을 포함한 식품산업 및 소비에 큰 변화가 요구되고 있다(KAFFTC 2019). 흑미 등 유색미와 거대배아미 및 무기물 함유 등의 일부 기능성 품종을 제외하면, 현재 보급되고 있는 국내육성 가공용 품종은 전통음식용인 찰벼 및 메벼 그리고 국수용 고아밀로스 품종 등 전분의 아밀로스함량에 따라 구별될 수 있다.
전분은 식물이 다양한 형태의 저장기관에 축적하는 에너지원 중 가장 큰 부분으로서, 인류는 전분을 이용 식품을 포함 다양한 가공품으로 활용하고 있다. 전분은 분자량이 일정하지 않은 α1,4 glucoside 결합과 α1,6 glucoside 결합의 2종류에 의한 glucoside 결합체로서, 아밀로스(amylose)로 알려진 직쇄형태와 비 결정부위가 반복된 방상구조의 아밀로펙틴(amylopectin)으로 구성되어 있다(Umemoto et al. 2002, Nakamura et al. 2005). 전분합성에서 사슬길이를 신장시키거나 분지 사슬을 만드는 20종류 이상의 많은 효소들이 관여하게 되는데, 직쇄신장효소(starch synthase, SS) 변이체들을 이용한 SSI의 아밀로펙틴 합성에 대한 기능이 보고된 바 있다(Fujita et al. 2006). 벼의 분지합성효소는 BEI, BEIIa, BEIIb의 3종류가 존재하고 BEI은 아밀로펙틴 중 긴 사슬의 분지합성(Satoh et al. 2003)을, BEIIb는 짧은 사슬의 분지합성에 관여되어 있는 것으로 확인 되었다(Nishi et al. 2001). 따라서 BEIIb 활성수준에 따라 아밀로펙틴 구조가 달라지게 되면서 열호화 온도가 상이한 쌀 전분이 개발될 수 있음을 시사한 바 있다(Tanaka et al. 2004).
저항전분(Resistant starch, RS)은 작은창자에서 소화흡수 되지 않는 다양한 형태의 전분으로 정의되며(EURESTA 1994), 식물의 종류 및 가공형태에 따라 저항전분의 함량 차이가 큰 것으로 보고되어 있다(Fuentes-Zaragoza et al. 2010, Hu et al. 2004, Rahman et al. 2007, Shi & Gao 2011, Xie et al. 2006, Walter et al. 2005). 특히 RS3으로 구별되는 전분은 온도에 안정되어 있어 일반적인 요리가 가능하고(Haralampu 2000) 기능성 식이섬유로 분류되어 많은 연구가 진행되었다(Zhao & Lin 2009). 최근 국내에서도 웰빙트랜드 확산과 함께 소비자, 산업체 및 농가에서는 저항전분에 대한 관심이 커지면서 다양한 건강기능성 가공용 벼 품종이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 일부 유색미를 제외하면 기능성이 강화된 가공용 품종의 보급은 거의 없는 실정으로, 무엇보다 현실적인 소비자 식품소비 트렌드에 부합되는 기능성을 가진 가공용 품종개발과 함께 이를 이용한 고부가가치성 제품의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고아밀로스이면서 저항전분 함량이 높은 기능성 가공용 품종 ‘도담쌀’을 개발한 바 이에 대해 보고하고 자 한다.
시험재료, 재배방법 및 주요 농업 형질 조사
벼 ‘도담쌀’ 품종 육성을 위해 인공교배, 계통육성시험 및 생산력검정시험은 2001년부터 2010년까지 국립식량과학원 남부작물부(밀양) 시험포장에서 벼 표준재배법에 따라 수행하였다. 지역적응시험은 2011년부터 2013년까지 3개년 동안 국립식량과학원 수원, 익산, 밀양 등 3개소와 중부 및 호남평야지 4개소 등 7개소에서 수행하였고, 표준품종으로는 ‘남평’을 공시하였다. 각 시험지별 재배방법은 4월 30일 파종하여 30일간 육묘한 후 5월 30일에 30×15 cm의 재식거리로 주당 3본씩 이앙하고, 시비량은 N-P2O5-K2O=9-3.2-4.2 kg/10a로 재배하였다. 그 밖의 재배관리와 품종육성을 위한 주요 농업적 특성, 수량특성, 생리장해 및 병해충 저항성, 그리고 품질관련 분석조사는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발공동연구사업 과제수행계획서(RDA. 2013a, RDA. 2013b) 조사기준에 준하여 실시하였다. 주요 농업적 형질에 대한 평균을 기술 통계법으로 구하였고, PROC t-test를 이용 표준품종과 비교하였다.
주요 생리장해 저항성 검정
내냉성 검정은 국립식량과학원 춘천출장소 내냉성 검정 시험포장에서 실시하였다. 이앙 후 20일부터 등숙기까지 수온 17℃, 수심 5 cm로 냉수처리 후 적고, 출수지연일 및 임실률 등을 조사하였다. 유묘 내냉성 검정은 3엽기부터 수온 13℃로 10일간 처리하여 1~9의 등급(1: 엽색 농록, 3: 엽 선단부 담록, 5: 1/3 엽색황변, 7: 2/3 엽색 갈변, 9: 고사)으로 구분하였다. 수발아 검정을 위하여 출수 후 40일에 주간에서 3 이삭을 채취하여 25℃ 포화습도에서 7일간 치상 후 발아율을 조사하여 측정하였다. 도복저항성은 출수 후 20일에 검정하였다. 도복의 정도를 나타내는 도복 지수는 [모멘트(g⋅cm)/좌절중(g)]×100 의 산식을 이용하였으며, 모멘트는 주간의 간장과 수장을 더한 값을 총생체중으로 곱한 값을 이용하였다. 포장 도복은 출수 후 30일에 1~9 등급(1: 이삭줄기 경사 15% 이하, 3: 16-30%, 5: 31-45%, 7: 이삭의 일부가 지면에 닿음, 9: 완전히 땅에 깔린 상태)으로 달관조사 하였다.
주요 병해충 저항성 검정
잎도열병 저항성 검정은 국립식량과학원, 도농업기술원 등 전국 14개 지역에서 질소다비(N-P2O5-K2O=240-80-120 kg/ha)조건의 밭못자리 상태에서 6월 하순에서 7월 상순에 늦게 파종하는 밭못자리 검정법을 이용하였다. 발병 최성기인 파종 후 30일 이후에 병반의 크기에 따라 0~9 단계로 구분하였다. 이삭도열병 포장저항성 검정은 밀양, 이천, 예산, 제천 포장에서 잎도열병 검정에서와 같이 질소다비 조건으로 이앙재배하여 출수 후 30~ 35일 경에 건전 이삭과 이병 이삭의 비율로 발병 정도를 측정하였다. 벼줄무늬잎마름병, 오갈병 및 검은줄오갈병 등 바이러스 저항성검정은 보독충이 충분히 유지된 망실에 검정 계통을 파종 후 이병성 품종인 ‘추청’이 병징을 나타낼 때 저항성과 감수성으로 판정하였다. 벼멸구 및 애멸구 저항성 검정은 파종 후 본엽 2~3엽기에 벼멸구와 애멸구를 접종하여 감수성 대비 품종인 ‘일품’과 ‘추청’이 고사한 후에 검정 계통을 저항성과 감수성으로 판정하였다.
품질 및 이화학적 특성 검정
정조 및 현미 장폭비는 현미 20립을 이용 캘리퍼스(Caliper CD-15CP, Mitutoyo Corp. Japan)를 이용하여 너비에 대한 길이의 비율로 계산하였다. 투명도는 백미 20립을 1~9 등급(1: 쌀이 유리알 같이 맑은 것, 5: 중간, 9: 불투명)으로 구분 하였다. 알칼리붕괴도는 백미 6립을 1.4% KOH 용액에 침지 후 30℃ 항온기에서 23시간 정치 후 1~7 등급(1: 모양변화 없음, 2: 모양 변화 없이 약간 부풀음, 3: 금이 나게 부풀어 있고, 극히 미미한 퍼짐도 보임, 4: 부푼 쌀 너비 정도의 퍼짐도 보이나 투명화 현상 없음, 5: 심하게 갈라져 꽤 넓은 퍼짐도 보이고 투명화 현상 시작함, 6: 완전히 퍼지고 외곽은 거의 투명화됨, 7: 형태를 알 수 없게 퍼져서 투명화됨)으로 구분하였다.
‘도담쌀’ 및 유전자원들의 저항전분 함량을 파악하고자 농촌진흥청 남부작물부에서 보관중인 국내외 육성계통과 도입 유전자원 등 총 19 계통 및 품종을 이용하여 저항전분 및 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 단백질 함량은 Micro Kjeldahl법으로 측정하고, 아밀로스함량은 Juliano (1985)의 비색정량법에 따랐다. 시료 100 mg에 95% 에탄올과 1N sodium hydroxide를 가한 후 호화시킨 전분 호화액에 1N acetic acid와 2% I2-KI 용액을 첨가하여 요오드 정색반응 후 분광광도계를 이용하여 620 nm의 파장에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 쌀가루의 호화특성 분석을 위하여 100mesh로 선별한 쌀가루를 이용하였으며, 신속점도측정계(Rapid visco analyzer, RVA 4500, Perten Instruments, Australia)를 이용하였다. 저항전분은 Megazyme kit (Megazyme International Ireland, 2011)를 이용 AOAC 방법으로 측정하였다(MaCleary et al. 2002). 습량기준 시료 100 mg에 4 mL의 pancreatin a-amylase로 37℃에서 16시간 반응시킨 후 100% 에탄올 4 mL 첨가하여 원심분리 한 후 침전물에 50% 에탄올 8 mL 첨가하여 원심분리 과정을 2회 실시하였다. 남은 침전물에 2M KOH 용액을 2 mL를 첨가하여 분산 및 용해시켰다. 1.2M sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.8) 8 mL와 0.1 mL의 amyloglucosidase을 첨가하여 50℃에서 30분간 반응시킨 후 가수분해 된 glucose 0.1 mL와 GOPOD 3 mL를 혼합하여 510 nm의 흡광도에서 대조구(100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH4.5) 0.1 mL과 GOPOD 3.0 mL의 혼합액)와 함께 측정한 후 저항전분 함량을 계산하였다. 총 식이섬유 함량은 AOAC 방법에 의한 total dietary fiber assay kit (Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland)를 이용하였다. 쌀가루 시료 1 g에 50 mM MES/TRIS (pH8.2) 40 mL 첨가하여 α-amylase 50 µl를 넣고 100℃ 수조에서 35분간 반응 후 60℃까지 냉각시킨 다음 protease 100 µl를 넣고 60℃의 수조에서 다시 30분간 반응시켰다. 0.561N HCl 5 mL를 넣은 후 pH를 4.5로 적정한 후 200 µl의 amyloglucosidase 효소로 60℃에서 30분간 가수분해 한 다음, 4배 정도(225 mL)의 95% 에탄올을 가하여 효소활동을 정지시켰다. 이후 효소에 의해 분해되지 않은 침전된 부분을 여과 건조하여 식이섬유 함량을 측정하였다.
육성경위
‘도담쌀’은 고아밀로스의 기능성 품종을 육성하기 위하여 아밀로스함량이 높은 ‘김천앵미’를 이용한 쌀국수 품종 ‘고아미’ (Kim et al. 2006, Song et al. 2008)와 ‘일품’ MNU (N-methyl N-nitrosurea) 돌연변이체로서 고아밀로스 이면서 기능성 벼인 ‘고아미2호’(Kim et al. 2005, Choi et al. 2006)를 교배모본으로 활용하였다(Fig. 1). 2001~2002년 ‘고아미벼’와 ‘고아미2호’를 공시하여 하계에 인공교배 및 F1을 공시하였고, 2003년 하계에 F2 집단을 전개하여 2005년 까지 집단육성을 하였다. 2006년 F5세대에서 계통육종법에 준하여 초형이 양호하고 수량성을 확보한 개체 중 배유특성이 불투명한 아밀로스 변이개체들을 중심으로 2007년까지 계통 선발한 후, 최종적으로 고아밀로스이면서 저항전분 함량이 높은 ‘밀양261호’를 선발하였다(Fig. 2). 2011~ 2013년 3년간 지역적응성 시험 보통기 재배에서 고아밀로스이면서 저항전분이 높은 기능성 품종으로 인정되어 2013년 12월 농촌진흥청의 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 ‘도담쌀’(Fig. 3) 신품종으로 결정되었다. 품종명은 제4회 우리농산물 이름짓기 공모에서 채택된 ‘도담쌀’(어린아이가 탈 없이 잘 놀며 자라는 모양의 부사어 ‘도담도담’이 어원으로 먹으면 건강이 좋아진다는 뜻으로 공모)이 품종명으로 명명되었다.
Fig. 1
Genealogical diagram of ‘Dodamssal’.
KJBS-51-515-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Pedigree diagram of ‘Dodamssal’.
KJBS-51-515-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Plant type of ‘Dodamssal’ at maturing stage.
KJBS-51-515-f3.jpg
출수기 및 주요 농업적 특성
‘도담쌀’의 출수기는 중부평야지 및 영⋅호남 평야지 7개소 보통기 보비재배에서 8월 10일로 ‘남평’보다 1일 정도 빠른 중생종 출수 형태를 보였다. 간장은 82 cm로 ‘남평’보다 4 cm 정도 크고, 주당 수수는 15개로 ‘남평’보다 2개정도 많았다. 수당립수는 109개로 ‘남평’보다 적은 편이며, 등숙률은 80.1%로 ‘남평’의 83.3%와 비슷한 수준이다. 특히 배유가 불투명하고 전분 조직이 느슨하여 분쇄가 용이한 현미 특성에도 불구하고 현미 천립중은 21.5 g으로 일반 메벼인 ‘남평’과 비슷한 천립중을 보였다(Table 1).
Table 1
Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)
Table 1
Variety Heading date (m.d) Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicle per hill No. of Spikelets per panicles Ratio of ripened grain (%) Brown rice 1000 grain weight (g)
Dodamssal 8.10ns 82* 24* 15ns 109ns 80.1ns 21.5ns
Nampyeong 8.11 78 20 13 113 83.3 21.4

ns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

생리장해저항성
생리장해저항성 검정에서 ‘도담쌀’은 불시출수는 없었으나 수발아율은 23.4%로 일반 메벼인 ‘남평’과 비교하여 높은 수발아율을 보였는데, 이는 배유전분의 특성상 공극이 많은 형태로 인하여 수분 흡수율이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 도복관련 특성에서 도복지수는 ‘남평’보다 크고, 포장도복은 발생하지 않았다. 내냉성 검정결과 성숙기 출수지연일수는 대비품종 ‘남평’보다 3일 정도 길었고 등숙기 임실율은 31.3%로 ‘남평’보다 낮은 편이었다(Table 2).
Table 2
Abiotic stress response of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)
Table 2
Variety VVGz (25℃ at 40 DAF) Lodging tolerancey Cold tolerancex
Lodging index Field lodging (1-9) Heading delay (days) Grain fertility (%) PA (%)
Dodamssal 23.4* 186 1 12ns 31.3ns 5
Nampyeong 3.4 174 1 9 41.0 4

ns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

zVVG: viviparous germination (germination rate for 7 days at 25℃).

yLodging index was checked at transplanting plot and field lodging was taken from watered direct seeding field.

xCold tolerance was evaluated at 17℃ irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.

PA: Phenotypic Acceptability.

병충해 저항성
전국 14개소에서 실시한 잎도열병 밭못자리검정에서 ‘도담쌀’은 평균 저항성정도가 6.9로 약한 중도저항성을 보였으나, 목도열병 포장검정에서는 이천과 제천에서 각각 44.4%와 85.6%가 발병하여 감수성 반응을 보였다(Table 3). ‘도담쌀’의 병해충 검정에서 흰잎마름병(K1~K3, K3a), 바이러스병(줄무늬잎마름병, 오갈병, 및 검은줄오갈병) 및 해충(벼멸구와 애멸구) 등 병해충에는 모두 감수성 이었다(Table 4).
Table 3
Reaction to leaf and neck blast disease of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)
Table 3
Variety Leaf blast diseasez Neck blast disease
No. of tested sites Ave. Rate of diseased panicle (%)
R (0~3) M (4~6) S (7~9) Icheon Jaecheon Yaesan Milyang
Dodamssal 1 4 9 6.9 44.4 85.6 0.0 5.0
Nampyeong 7 7 0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

zR: resistant, M: moderate, S: susceptible.

Table 4
Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)
Table 4
Variety Bacterial blight Virus diseasez Insect pestsy
K1 K2 K3 K3a RSV RDV RBSDV BPH SBPH
Dodamssal Sx S S S S S S S S
Nampyeong S S S S R R S S S

zRSV: Rice stripe virus, RDV: Rice dwarf virus, RBSDV: Rice black stripe dwarf virus

yBPH: Brown planthopper, SBPH: Small brown planthopper.

xR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

미질 및 기능성
‘도담쌀’의 현미 장폭비는 1.78로 ‘남평’과 비슷하였다(Table 5). ‘도담쌀’의 쌀알은 일부 가장자리 부분을 제외하면 전체적으로 불투명한 외관을 보이며, 일반적인 메벼의 경우 다각형(polygonal)의 전분입자를 보인 반면 ‘도담쌀’은 둥근입자 형태의 모양을 보였다(Fig. 4).
Table 5
Grain shape of rough rice and brown rice of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)
Table 5
Variety Rough rice Brown rice
Length (L) Width (W) Thickness (T) Ratio of L/W Length Width Thickness Ratio of L/W
Dodamssal 7.11ns 3.28ns 2.11* 2.17ns 4.95ns 2.79ns 1.85ns 1.78ns
Nampyeong 6.89 3.10 2.06 2.22 4.94 2.80 1.80 1.76

ns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

Fig. 4
Grain appearance and starch granule (SEM) of ‘Dodamssal’.
KJBS-51-515-f4.jpg
이화학적 특성 분석에서 ‘도담쌀’의 단백질 함량은 6.7%으로 ‘남평’ 보다 약간 낮았으며, 알카리 붕괴도는 6.6으로 ‘남평’보다 잘 되는 편이었다. 특히 ‘도담쌀’의 아밀로스 및 저항전분 함량은 각각 42.8% 및 13.6%로 기존의 국내육성 품종에서는 찾아볼 수 없는 매우 높은 아밀로스 및 저항전분 함량을 보였다(Tables 6, 7). 이러한 특성은 BEIIb가 결실(amylose. extender[ae])되었을 때는 아밀로펙틴의 짧은 사슬이 심하게 감소되어 전분의 표현형 및 특성이 크게 변하게 되고 결과적으로 난호화성의 전분이 만들어 지는 것으로 알려져 있다(Nish et al. 2001). 일반적으로 아밀로스 함량이 높은 계통들은 저항전분 등 기능성이 일부 보고되었는데(Choi et al. 2006, Hu et al. 2004, Xie et al. 2006), 본 연구의 ‘도담쌀’에서도 저항전분 및 식이섬유소 함량이 각각 13.6%와 5.3%로서 일반 메벼인 ‘남평’ 및 고아밀로스 계통들과는 큰 차이를 보였는데 이는 교배모본으로 사용되었던 ‘고아미2호’에서 유래한 전분특성이 ‘도담쌀’ 육성과정에서 그대로 유전된 것으로 보였다(Tables 6, 7). 또한 호화특성에서도 모본으로 사용된 ‘고아미2호’와 기타 기존의 다양한 아밀로스함량을 가진 계통들과는 상이하게 독특한 호화특성 패턴을 보였다(Table 7). ‘도담쌀’의 호화특성과 관련하여 다양한 온도변화 프로파일을 이용한 호화특성의 차이 유무를 관찰하고자 하였으나 특별한 변화를 관찰할 수 없었는데(data not shown) 이러한 특성은 저항전분을 이용한 기능성 가공품 제조 시 품질에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있는 부분으로 더 많은 시험연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 보였다.
Table 6
Physiochemical properties of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)
Table 6
Variety Transl ucency (1-9) Amylose content (%) Protein content (%) Alkali digestion value (1-7) Starch (%)
Resistance starch Fiber
Dodamssal 8 42.8* 6.7ns 6.6ns 13.6 5.3
Nampyeong 1 18.9 7.2 6.0 1.3 2.5

ns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

Table 7
Resistant starch content and physiochemical properties of ‘Dodamssal’ and breeding lines.
Table 7
Lines Major physicochemical features RVA (rapid viscosity analysis)
Resistance Starch (%) Amylose (%) Protein (%) Peak 1 Trough 1 Break down Final Viscosity Set back Peak Time Pasting Temp
Baekogchal 0.14 7.7 6.3 61.9 19.9 42.0 28.8 -33.1 3.3 69.3
Shinseonchal 0.10 8.3 6.6 108.4 49.5 58.9 64.8 -43.6 3.7 71.7
Baegjinju 1 0.13 11.3 7.8 209.1 60.4 148.7 95.1 -114.0 5.0 71.6
Milky queen 0.10 13.3 5.7 259.1 107.3 151.8 150.9 -108.2 5.6 72.4
Koshihikari 0.15 17.6 5.7 249.6 130.4 119.1 211.8 -37.8 6.1 72.7
Ilmibyeo 0.22 18.6 6.0 192.5 103.4 89.1 192.2 -0.3 6.1 72.6
Nampyeongbyeo 0.13 18.9 5.7 187.2 105.0 82.2 200.5 13.3 6.3 73.0
Goamibyeo 0.43 24.2 6.6 86.5 68.5 18.0 146.7 60.2 6.1 82.3
Goami2 17.71 28.2 6.0 139.9 134.7 5.2 254.6 114.7 6.9 84.5
Dodamssal 13.62 42.8 5.6 54.3 50.4 3.9 82.1 27.8 6.0 85.0
Seolgeng 0.36 18.4 5.4 195.9 119.6 76.4 218.9 23.0 6.4 73.5
LA1 0.15 17.6 6.1 252.6 118.2 134.3 216.9 -35.7 6.0 74.7
LGC 1 0.15 20.1 5.6 226.4 113.8 112.6 217.2 -9.2 6.1 72.0
Milyang270 0.20 17.7 5.5 215.8 104.6 111.2 210.4 -5.4 6.1 74.6
Dasanbyeo 0.12 18.5 7.1 250.5 149.1 101.4 248.8 -1.7 6.3 72.6
Hanareum 2 0.14 16.4 7.1 246.4 136.9 109.5 235.3 -11.2 6.3 72.8
Milyang260 1.14 25.7 6.9 232.1 161.3 70.8 306.1 74.0 5.9 78.5
IR64 1.00 24.0 7.0 223.3 109.9 113.4 226.1 2.8 5.8 78.1
IR72 1.33 26.5 6.5 262.2 184.4 77.8 325.8 63.6 6.2 77.5
수량성
‘도담쌀’의 수량성은 2011년~2013년 3개년간 중부 및 영⋅호남 평야지 7개소에서 실시한 보통기 재배시험에서 평균수량이 529 kg/10a로 ‘남평’과 비슷한 수량성을 보였다. 수량의 지역간 및 년차간 변이를 살펴볼 때 호남평야지에서 변이가 크고 영⋅호남 평야지 보다 중부평야지에서 상대적으로 수량성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 ‘도담쌀’은 남부지역에서 재배할 시 수량성 확보를 위하여 시비량 등 재배환경에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요한 것으로 보였다(Table 8).
Table 8
Yield of milled rice at local adaptability test of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)
Table 8
Cultivation season Region No. of test site Yield of milled rice (kg/10a)
Nampyeong (B) Dodamssal (A) Index (A/B*100) Range
Ordinary planting Middle plain (III-1) 3 (509)z 550 109 506~603
Yeongnam plain (II-2) 1 552 499 90 466~541
Honam plain (II-1) 3 536 516 96 427~619
Average 7 527 529 100

zControl: Hwaseong.

‘도담쌀’은 고아밀로스의 기능성 품종을 육성하기 위하여 아밀로스함량이 높은 김천앵미를 활용한 쌀국수 전용품종 ‘고아미’와 ‘일품’ MNU (N-methyl N-nitrosurea) 돌연변이체로서 고아밀로스 이면서 기능성벼인 ‘고아미2호’를 교배모본으로 활용하였다. F1 및 F2 집단을 전개하여 F4까지 집단육성을 한 후, F5세대 이후 계통육종법에 준하여 초형이 양호하고, 수량성을 확보한 개체 중 배유특성이 불투명한 아밀로스 변이개체들을 중심으로 계통 선발한 후 고아밀로스이면서 저항전분 함량이 높은 ‘밀양261호’를 선발하였다. 2011~2013년 3년간 지역적응성 시험 보통기 재배에서 고아밀로스이면서 저항전분이 높은 기능성 품종으로 인정되어 2013년 신품종으로 결정되었으며, 제4회 우리농산물 이름짓기 공모에서 채택된 ‘도담쌀’이 품종명으로 명명되었다. ‘도담쌀’은 출수기가 8월 10일로 중생종이며, 병충해 저항성은 없으며 수발아 율이 23.4%로 높은 편이고 쌀 수량성은 529 kg/10a이다. ‘도담쌀’은 아밀로스 함량이 42.8%로서 쌀알은 전체적으로 불투명한 외관을 보이며 전분입자는 일반 메벼의 다각형과 달리 둥근 입자 형태의 모양으로서, 저항전분 및 식이섬유소 함량이 각각 13.6%와 5.3%의 기능성 품종이다(품종보호권 등록번호: 제5637호; 2015년 07월 06일).
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제번호: PJ006971 가공적성 특수미 품종개발 및 특성 최적화(1단계), PJ014282 논이용 다양화를 위한 단기성 벼 및 특수미 품종개발(2단계)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것으로 품종을 육성함에 있어 협력하여 주신 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원, 연구정책국, 농촌지원국 및 각도 농업기술원 관계관께 깊은 감사를 드립니다.
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‘Dodamssal (Milyang261)’, Functional Rice as a Resistant Starch with a High Amylose Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(4):515-522.   Published online December 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.4.515
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‘Dodamssal (Milyang261)’, Functional Rice as a Resistant Starch with a High Amylose Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(4):515-522.   Published online December 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.4.515
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‘Dodamssal (Milyang261)’, Functional Rice as a Resistant Starch with a High Amylose Content
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogical diagram of ‘Dodamssal’.
Fig. 2 Pedigree diagram of ‘Dodamssal’.
Fig. 3 Plant type of ‘Dodamssal’ at maturing stage.
Fig. 4 Grain appearance and starch granule (SEM) of ‘Dodamssal’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

‘Dodamssal (Milyang261)’, Functional Rice as a Resistant Starch with a High Amylose Content

Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

Variety Heading date (m.d) Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicle per hill No. of Spikelets per panicles Ratio of ripened grain (%) Brown rice 1000 grain weight (g)
Dodamssal 8.10ns 82* 24* 15ns 109ns 80.1ns 21.5ns
Nampyeong 8.11 78 20 13 113 83.3 21.4

Abiotic stress response of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

Variety VVGz (25℃ at 40 DAF) Lodging tolerancey Cold tolerancex
Lodging index Field lodging (1-9) Heading delay (days) Grain fertility (%) PA (%)
Dodamssal 23.4* 186 1 12ns 31.3ns 5
Nampyeong 3.4 174 1 9 41.0 4

Reaction to leaf and neck blast disease of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

Variety Leaf blast diseasez Neck blast disease
No. of tested sites Ave. Rate of diseased panicle (%)
R (0~3) M (4~6) S (7~9) Icheon Jaecheon Yaesan Milyang
Dodamssal 1 4 9 6.9 44.4 85.6 0.0 5.0
Nampyeong 7 7 0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

Variety Bacterial blight Virus diseasez Insect pestsy
K1 K2 K3 K3a RSV RDV RBSDV BPH SBPH
Dodamssal Sx S S S S S S S S
Nampyeong S S S S R R S S S

Grain shape of rough rice and brown rice of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)

Variety Rough rice Brown rice
Length (L) Width (W) Thickness (T) Ratio of L/W Length Width Thickness Ratio of L/W
Dodamssal 7.11ns 3.28ns 2.11* 2.17ns 4.95ns 2.79ns 1.85ns 1.78ns
Nampyeong 6.89 3.10 2.06 2.22 4.94 2.80 1.80 1.76

Physiochemical properties of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)

Variety Transl ucency (1-9) Amylose content (%) Protein content (%) Alkali digestion value (1-7) Starch (%)
Resistance starch Fiber
Dodamssal 8 42.8* 6.7ns 6.6ns 13.6 5.3
Nampyeong 1 18.9 7.2 6.0 1.3 2.5

Resistant starch content and physiochemical properties of ‘Dodamssal’ and breeding lines.

Lines Major physicochemical features RVA (rapid viscosity analysis)
Resistance Starch (%) Amylose (%) Protein (%) Peak 1 Trough 1 Break down Final Viscosity Set back Peak Time Pasting Temp
Baekogchal 0.14 7.7 6.3 61.9 19.9 42.0 28.8 -33.1 3.3 69.3
Shinseonchal 0.10 8.3 6.6 108.4 49.5 58.9 64.8 -43.6 3.7 71.7
Baegjinju 1 0.13 11.3 7.8 209.1 60.4 148.7 95.1 -114.0 5.0 71.6
Milky queen 0.10 13.3 5.7 259.1 107.3 151.8 150.9 -108.2 5.6 72.4
Koshihikari 0.15 17.6 5.7 249.6 130.4 119.1 211.8 -37.8 6.1 72.7
Ilmibyeo 0.22 18.6 6.0 192.5 103.4 89.1 192.2 -0.3 6.1 72.6
Nampyeongbyeo 0.13 18.9 5.7 187.2 105.0 82.2 200.5 13.3 6.3 73.0
Goamibyeo 0.43 24.2 6.6 86.5 68.5 18.0 146.7 60.2 6.1 82.3
Goami2 17.71 28.2 6.0 139.9 134.7 5.2 254.6 114.7 6.9 84.5
Dodamssal 13.62 42.8 5.6 54.3 50.4 3.9 82.1 27.8 6.0 85.0
Seolgeng 0.36 18.4 5.4 195.9 119.6 76.4 218.9 23.0 6.4 73.5
LA1 0.15 17.6 6.1 252.6 118.2 134.3 216.9 -35.7 6.0 74.7
LGC 1 0.15 20.1 5.6 226.4 113.8 112.6 217.2 -9.2 6.1 72.0
Milyang270 0.20 17.7 5.5 215.8 104.6 111.2 210.4 -5.4 6.1 74.6
Dasanbyeo 0.12 18.5 7.1 250.5 149.1 101.4 248.8 -1.7 6.3 72.6
Hanareum 2 0.14 16.4 7.1 246.4 136.9 109.5 235.3 -11.2 6.3 72.8
Milyang260 1.14 25.7 6.9 232.1 161.3 70.8 306.1 74.0 5.9 78.5
IR64 1.00 24.0 7.0 223.3 109.9 113.4 226.1 2.8 5.8 78.1
IR72 1.33 26.5 6.5 262.2 184.4 77.8 325.8 63.6 6.2 77.5

Yield of milled rice at local adaptability test of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)

Cultivation season Region No. of test site Yield of milled rice (kg/10a)
Nampyeong (B) Dodamssal (A) Index (A/B*100) Range
Ordinary planting Middle plain (III-1) 3 (509)z 550 109 506~603
Yeongnam plain (II-2) 1 552 499 90 466~541
Honam plain (II-1) 3 536 516 96 427~619
Average 7 527 529 100
Table 1 Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

Table 2 Abiotic stress response of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

VVG: viviparous germination (germination rate for 7 days at 25℃).

Lodging index was checked at transplanting plot and field lodging was taken from watered direct seeding field.

Cold tolerance was evaluated at 17℃ irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS.

PA: Phenotypic Acceptability.

Table 3 Reaction to leaf and neck blast disease of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

R: resistant, M: moderate, S: susceptible.

Table 4 Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT:'11~'13)

RSV: Rice stripe virus, RDV: Rice dwarf virus, RBSDV: Rice black stripe dwarf virus

BPH: Brown planthopper, SBPH: Small brown planthopper.

R: Resistant, S: Susceptible

Table 5 Grain shape of rough rice and brown rice of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)

and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

Table 6 Physiochemical properties of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)

and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by T-test, respectively.

Table 7 Resistant starch content and physiochemical properties of ‘Dodamssal’ and breeding lines.
Table 8 Yield of milled rice at local adaptability test of ‘Dodamssal’ (LAT: '11~'13)

Control: Hwaseong.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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