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다수성, 고품질 찰성 쌀보리 ‘누리찰’ 개발 및 품질특성

이미자1,*, 김양길1, 최진경2, 최인덕1, 강현중1

Quality Characteristics and Development of the Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Nulichal’ with High Yield and Good Quality

Mi Ja Lee1,*, Yang Kil Kim1, Jin Kyung Choi2, In Duck Choi1, Hyun Jung Kang1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(4):516-521.
Published online: December 1, 2018

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

전라남도농업기술원

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* (E-mail: esilvia@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5332, Fax: +82-63-238-5303)
• Received: September 20, 2018   • Revised: September 23, 2018   • Accepted: October 17, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • “ Nulichal” was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2010. The initial cross was conducted in 2000, and an elite line (HB15305-B-B-31-2) was selected in 2005. Subsequently, preliminary yield and advanced yield trials have designated it as “Iksan 95.” It showed good agronomic performance in regional yield trials from 2008 to 2010 and was released as “Nulichal,” with resistance against the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and high yields with a waxy endosperm. The average heading and maturation dates of “Nulichal” were April 24 and May 30, respectively in paddy fields, which were 1 day later than those of the check cultivar “Saechalssalbori.” It had culm and spike lengths of 82 and 4.0 cm, respectively. It showed 774 spikes/m2, 63 grains/spike, 25.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 793 g of test weight. “Nulichal” showed higher levels of resistance to BaYMV than the naturally occurring Iksan (type III strain), Naju (type Ⅰ), and Jinju (type II). The expansion rate was higher than that of “Saechalssalbori” and its hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were lower than those of “Saechalssalbori.” Its average pearled grain yield in the regional yield trial was 4.00 MT/ha in paddy fields, which was 10% higher than that of the check cultivar. The combined availability of “Nulichal” was improved by its increased culm length compared with that of “Hinchalssal.”
보리는 쌀과 더불어 그 동안 우리의 기본식량으로 큰 몫을 차지하여 왔으나 근래에 국민의 식량 소비구조가 변화됨에 따라 보리소비가 크게 줄어들고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 보리는 식품학적인 측면에서 쌀에 버금가는 우수한 전분질 식품으로 예로부터 우리의 식생활에서 중요한 위치를 차지해 왔다. 또한 보리는 다른 맥류보다 주식으로 하기에 알맞고 단백질, 칼슘, 식이섬유 등 영양면에서 웰빙식품으로 각광을 받고 있다(Cheigh et al. 1976). 보리는 밀가루의 5배, 쌀의 16배에 해당하는 많은 양의 식이섬유를 함유하고 있으며, 특히, 콜레스테롤 함량을 낮추는 것으로 알려진 수용성 식이섬유를 다른 식품보다 많이 함유하고 있다(Baik & Ullrich 2008). 이중 베타글루칸이라는 물질은 고혈압과 동맥경화, 당뇨와 같은 질병에 좋다는 것이 보고되면서 보리가 건강식품으로 인기를 끌고 있다(Newman et al. 1989, Lee 1996, Lee et al. 1997, Lee 2001).
보리는 대부분이 쌀과 혼식으로 밥을 짓게 되나 쌀보다 저작성이 떨어지고 거칠어 기호성이 낮아 보리에 찰성 유전자를 도입하여 저작성과 기호성을 개선한 찰보리 품종이 개발되어 보급되고 있다. 찰보리 품종 중 새찰쌀보리는 1995년에 개발된 품종으로 찰성이며 곡실이 굵고 다수성으로 경기 북부, 충북, 강원도를 제외한 전국의 쌀보리 재배지대 장려품종으로 재배되고 있다(Kim et al. 1998). 또한 흰찰쌀보리는 1994년에 개발된 품종으로 곡실이 작고 취반특성이 좋으며 국내에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있다. 그러나 흰찰쌀보리는 간장이 63 cm로 콤바인 기계수확이 어려우며 보리 호위축병에 약한 단점을 지니고 있다(Park et al. 1995). Kim et al. (2003) 등은 보리 호위축병은 간장과 생산량 뿐만 아니라 종실의 품질에도 영향을 미친다고 보고하였다.
본 연구에서는 보리 소비 촉진을 위하여 취반특성이 우수한 찰성쌀보리 품종 개발에 대한 연구결과 다수성이며 호위축병에 강하고 기계수확이 용이한 찰성 쌀보리 품종인 ‘누리찰’을 육성하게 되어 본 품종의 육성경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
누리찰의 지역적응시험은 2008년부터 3개년 동안 답리작 재배는 전북 익산, 전남 나주, 경남 진주와 경북 대구에서 대비품종인 새찰쌀보리와 비교 검토하였으며(RDA 2008, 2009, 2010), 지역별 표준재배로 수행하였다. 생육조사는 내병성, 내습성, 내도복성, 흰가루병, 보리호위축병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV) 및 수량구성요소를 조사하였으며, 조사 및 평가 방법은 농업과학기술 연구 조사 분석 기준(RDA 2003)에 준하였다. 병해검정 중 흰가루병은 익산지역 포장(비닐하우스)에서 Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei 병원균을 접종 2주 후 조사하였으며, 발병심도를 0~9 및 괴사정도로 판정하였다. 보리호위축병 검정은 지역별 상습발병포장인 익산(strain III형), 나주(strain Ⅰ형), 진주(strain Ⅳ형)지역에서 자연 발생을 유도하였고 백동품종을 체크품종으로 하여 이병정도(0~9)를 3월 상순에서 4월 상순 사이에 조사하였다(Park et al. 2009, Kim et al. 2016). 내한성 검정은 경기도 연천 시험지에서 9월 하순에 파종하여 월동 후 고사주율(%)을 조사하였다.
품질분석
품질 분석은 조곡에서 단백질과 회분, 수분함량을 분석하였으며, 정곡에서 베타글루칸, 백도, 아밀로스 함량을 분석하였고, 취반특성으로 흡수율과 퍼짐성을 조사하였다. 수분과 회분함량은 각각 AACC 방법(2000) 44-15A와 08-01에 준하여 측정하였으며, 수분함량은 베타글루칸, 단백질, 전분 함량등을 건조중으로 계산하는데 적용하였다. 시료는 Satake 시험 도정기로 정맥수율 77%로 정맥하였다. 모든 성분 분석에는 조곡과 정곡을 0.2 mm체가 장착된 Retsch centrifugal mill (Zm 100, Retsch GmbH & Co. Haan, Germany)로 분쇄한 분말시료를 사용하였다. 단백질분석은 Elementar Analyzer System (Vario MACRO, Hanau, Germany)를 이용하여 분석한 총 질소함량에 켈달장치를 이용하여 분석한 값과 비교하여 얻어진 conversion factor를 곱하여서 구하였다. β-glucan 분석은 Mcclary 방법(Mccleary & Glennie-Holmes 1985)을 이용한 Megazyme kit를 이용하여 510 nm에서 흡광도로 분석하였다. 취반에 따른 정맥의 수분흡수율, 퍼짐성은 다음과 같이 분석하였다. 보리쌀 5 g을 20 mL D.W (distilled water)가 들어있는 메스실린더에 넣은 후 부피(a)를 읽고, 이 시료를 평량한 알루미늄망(자체제작)에 넣어서 증류수를 제거한 후 이 망을 100 mL 비이커에 넣고 충분히 끓는 물 80 mL를 부어 알루미늄 호일로 덮어 150°C 건조기에서 40분간 취반하였다. 취반된 시료를 꺼내어 10회 정도 물기를 털어준 다음 비이커에 60° 정도 기울여 놓고, 10분 후 무게(b)를 측정하고 이 시료를 20 mL D.W가 들어 있는 메스실린더에 옮기고 부피(c)를 측정하였다. 100 mL 비이커에 남아 있는 고형물을 건조기에 넣고 75°C-80°C에서 16시간 정도 건조시킨 후 꺼내어 데시케이터에 넣고 30분 후 무게를 재고 다음 식으로 흡수율과 퍼짐성을 계산하였다.
흡수율(%)=흡수 후 무게(b)-(시료+망무게)시료무게×100
퍼짐성(%)=취반 후 부피(c)÷취반 전 시료부피(a)×100
보리쌀 백도는 Kett (Kett Electic Laboratory C-300-3)으로 3회 측정하였다. Megazyme β-glucan assay kit는 Megazyme Co. (Bray, Co., Wicklow, Ireland)에서 구입하였으며, 그 외 모든 시약은 1급 이상 시약을 사용하였다.
보리밥 물성은 Song과 Kim (2004)의 방법을 이용하여 texture analyzer (TA. XT plus, Texture Analyzer, Stable Micro System Ltd. Vienna, UK)로 측정하였다. 도정한 보리(15 g)에 30 mL 물을 붓고 stainless cup (지경: 6 mm, 높이: 70 mm)에 10분간 담그고 전기밥솥(Cuckoo, SR-3013, Korea)으로 20분간 조리하였다. 보리밥은 40°C 수조에서 10분간 식히고, texture exponent 32프로그램으로 장착된 물성측정기를 이용하여 보리밥 물성을 측정하였다. Pre test speed, test speed와 post test speed는 각각 3 mm/sec, 1 mm/sec, 1 mm/sec이었다. Strain은 50%. 2 sec, trigger force는 10.0 g 이었다. Probe는 10 mm DIA cylinder를 사용하였다.
실험결과는 SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (Statistical analysis system 9.2, NC, USA)로 분석하고, 시료간의 유의적인 차이는 ANOVA를 이용하여 유의수준 5%(p<0.05)에서 검증하였다.
육성 경위
흰찰쌀보리의 단간을 해결하고 취반특성이 우수한 품종을 육성하기 위하여 2000년에 “HB88154-B-25-1”와 “흰찰쌀보리”를 인공교배 하였다. 2000년에 F1을 양성한 후 이듬해 집단으로 F2를 전개하였고, 2002년과 2003년에는 각각 F3, F4를 집단선발 하였으며, 2004년에는 F5를 계통선발 하였다. 2005년에는 F6을 공시하여 우량시 되는 HB15305-B-B-31-2계통을 선발하여 2006년에 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과, 간장이 중정도이며 와성으로 내도복이며 호위축병저항성인 6조 찰성계통으로 판명되어 “익산95호”로 계통명을 부여, 2008년부터 3년간 익산 등 3개 지역에서 답리작재배로 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 답리작 적응성이 높으며, 중간장이며 6조로 내도복이며 다수성이고 취반특성이 좋은 계통임이 입증되어 2010년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 신품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 “누리찰”로 명명하였다. 육성 경위는 Fig. 1과 같다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Nulichal’.
KJBS_50_516_fig_1.jpg
주요 특성
누리찰의 주요특성은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 이삭이 6조인 쌀보리로 파성이 III이고 와성 type이며 잎색은 녹색이고 폭은 중정도로 길이는 길고, 까락이 짧다. 이삭은 직립형이고 밀도는 중이다.
Table 1
Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Nulichal’.
Table 1
Cultivars Vernalization Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length
Color Length Width Color Diameter Type Density
Nulichal III Naked Green Long Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Medium Short
Saechassal IV Naked Green Long Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Medium Long
출수기 및 성숙기는 Table 2에서와 같이 출수기는 답리작 3개 지역에서 평균은 4월 24일로 새찰쌀보리보다 1일 늦었으며, 성숙기는 답리작에서 5월 30일로 새찰쌀보리보다 1일 늦었다.
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Nulichal’ cultivated in Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.
Table 2
Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike 1000-grain weight (g) Test weight (g)
Nulichal Apr.24 May 30 82±2.2* 4.0±0.4 774±184 63±4.0 25.0±1.7* 793±13.3
Saechassal Apr.23 May 29 87±3.3 4.0±0.5 623±99 58±6.6 29.0±0.9 763±39.9

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=12)

The asterisk (*) stands for significant difference between the two cultivars at the 0.05 probability level by least square difference (LSD).

생육 및 수량구성 요소는 간장은 82 cm로 대비품종인 새찰쌀보리의 87 cm에 비해 5 cm 정도 짧았다. 수장은 4.0 cm로 새찰쌀보리와 같았으며, ㎡당 수수는 774개로 새찰쌀보리보다 많았지만 유의성은 없었다. 1수립수는 63개로 많았고, 천립중은 25 g으로 새찰쌀보리보다 가벼웠고 리터중은 새찰쌀보리보다 무거웠다(Table 2).
내재해성 및 내병성은 Table 3에서와 같이 내한성은 고사주율이 고휴 92%, 저휴 42%로 새찰쌀보리보다 약하였다. 도복 정도는 지적포장에서 0으로 새찰쌀보리와 같았고, 보리호위축병은 익산(strain III형)과 나주(strainⅠ형)에서 새찰쌀보리보다 강하였고, 진주(strain Ⅳ형)에서는 새찰쌀보리와 비슷한 저항성을 보였다. 흰가루병은 익산지역 포장에서 새찰쌀보리와 같았다.
Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Nulichal’tested in Yeoncheon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.
Table 3
Cultivar Winter killing rate z (%) Degree of lodging (0~9) w Powdery mildew y BaYMV x (0~9)
Normal High ridge Infection type Iksan (III) Naju (I) Jinju (IV)
Nulichal 42.3 92.1 0 Susceptable 3 1 1**
Saechassal 4.5 44.2 0 Susceptable 5 3 0

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yDisease induced natural infection at plastic house at Iksan during RYT.

xBarley Yellow Mosaic Virus, Backdong was 7.

w0: Resistence, 9: Susceptible.

The asterisk (**) stands for significant difference between the two cultivars at the 0.01 probability level by LSD.

품질특성
‘누리찰’의 조곡, 정곡 및 취반특성은 Table 4에서와 같이 조곡의 단백질 함량은 10.3%로 표준품종인 새찰쌀보리보다 적었다. 백도는 36.8로 새찰쌀과 비슷하였으며, 총페놀 함량은 0.57%로 새찰쌀보리보다 작았지만 유의성은 없었다. Baik & Ullrich (2008)는 보리는 약 0.2-4.0% phenolic compound를 포함하며, polyphenols, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, catechin 등이 주요 phenolic compounds라고 하였다.
Table 4
Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Nulichal’.
Table 4
Cultivar Protein cont. (%) Whiteness Total phenol (%) Grain pearling Cooking quality
Starch (%) β-glucan (%) Amylose (%) Water absorption rate (%) Expansion rate (%)
Nulichal 10.3±0.51* 36.8±0.47 0.57±0.15 59.4±3.49 6.8±0.52 7.2±1.85 269±16.6 455±27.1
Saechassal 11.6±0.28 37.7±0.85 0.68±0.27 58.4±2.73 6.3±0.60 7.2±2.35 267±18.5 443±38.0

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=3), data tested at 2010.

*Stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

보리는 평균적으로 전분 64%, 단백질 11%, β-glucan 5%로 구성되어 있으며 나머지 20%는 수분, 지방, 회분, 섬유소, 그리고 소량의 비타민 등 미량성분들을 포함하고 있다(Cheigh et al. 1976). 신품종 ‘누리찰’의 전분함량은 59.4%로 새찰쌀보리보다 1% 많았으나 Cheigh et al. (1976)이 보고한 전분 함량보다는 다소 적었다. Lee et al. (2011)은 메성쌀보리가 찰성쌀보리보다 전분함량이 높다고 보고하였다. β-glucan 함량은 6.8%로 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하였고, 아밀로스 함량은 7.2%로 새찰쌀보리와 같았다. 취반시 흡수율은 269%로 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하였고 퍼짐성은 455%로 새찰쌀보리보다 높았으나 유의성은 없었다(Table 4).
누리찰과 새찰쌀보리밥에 대한 물성 측정 결과를 Table 5에 나타내었다. 누리찰의 경도와, 탄력성, 저작성은 각각 0.642 kg, 0.818, 0.110으로 새찰쌀보다 낮아 새찰쌀보리보다 다소 보리밥이 부드러운 특성을 보였다. 호화특성은 시료를 포함한 묽게 풀은 현탁액을 신속점도측정계를 이용 온도변이에 따른 최고점도, 최저점도, 최종점도와 이들 점도 특성간 차이인 강하점도, 치반점도 등을 말하는 것으로 여러 가지 요인에 의하여 차이를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 누리찰의 호화특성 분석 결과는 Table 6과 같다. 호화개시 온도는 64.7°C로 새찰쌀보리와 같았으나 최고점도가 새찰쌀보리보다 높고 치반점도가 낮았다. Lee et al. (2009)은 찰성일수록 최고점도가 높고 치반점도가 낮은 특성을 보인다고 보고하였다.
Table 5
Texture properties of ‘Nulichal’.
Table 5
Samples Hardness (kg) Adhesiveness (kg.sec) Cohesiveness Gumminess Chewiness
Nulichal 0.642±0.641 -0.201±0.034 0.818±0.01 0.208±0.091 0.110±0.074
Saechal 0.733±0.607 -0.188±0.019 0.780±0.01 0.217±0.016 0.126±0.010

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=3), data tested at 2010.

Table 6
Pasting properties of ‘Nulichal’.
Table 6
Area Initial pasting temp (°C) Peak viscosity (RVU) Hot paste viscosity (RVU) Final viscosity (RVU) Breakdown viscosity z (RVU) setback viscosity y (RVU)
Nulichal 64.7 420.6 178.9 256.4 241.6 77.5
Saechal 64.7 302.3 172.2 258.5 130.2 86.3

zPeak viscosity minus hot viscosity

yFinal viscosity minus hot viscosity

이로써 새롭게 개발된 ‘누리찰’ 품종은 이화학적 성분은 새찰쌀보리와 큰 차이가 없으나 흡수율과 퍼짐성이 새찰쌀보리보다 높고 호화특성 분석결과 보리밥이 부드럽고 찰성이 증가하는 등 보리밥 품질이 향상된 찰성 품종으로 쌀과 혼반용으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
수량성
‘누리찰’의 수량성은 2008년부터 2010년까지 3개년간 실시한 지역적응시험 답리작 3개소 평균수량은 4.00 MT/ha로 새찰쌀보리보다 10% 증가하였으며 지역별로는 7-16% 증가하였으며, 전체적인 수량성은 통계적으로 유의성을 나타내었다(Table 7).
Table 7
Yield potential of ‘Nulichal’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.
Table 7
Field Regions Nulichal (MT/ha) Saechassal (MT/ha) Index (a/b×100)
2008 2009 2010 Mean (a) 2008 2009 2010 Mean (b)
Paddy Iksan 5.15 4.66 4.22 4.68 4.47 4.71 3.67 4.28 109
Naju 4.03 4.71 2.19 3.64 3.58 3.72 2.09 3.13 116
Jinju 3.24 4.60 3.16 3.67 3.29 3.94 3.09 3.44 107
Mean 4.14 4.66 3.24 4.00a 3.78 4.12 3.25 3.62b 110
신품종 ‘누리찰’은 찰성 쌀보리 신품종으로 국립식량과학원에서 계통육종법으로 육성하였다. 3개 지역에서 답리작 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 답리작 적응성이 높으며, 쓰러짐에 강하고 수량이 7-16% 증가된 보리밥 특성이 좋은 계통임이 입증되었다. 출수기와 성숙기는 답리작에서 새찰쌀보리보다 각각 1일 늦었다. 간장은 82 cm로 중장간, 수장 4.0 cm, ㎡당 수수는 774개로 새찰쌀보리와 많았으며 천립중은 25.0 g으로 새찰쌀보리보다 가벼웠고 도복에 강하고 보리호위축병에 저항성을 보였다. 단백질 함량은 새찰쌀보리보다 적었고, β-glucan, 전분, 아밀로스 함량은 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하였다. 흡수율은 비슷하였고 퍼짐성은 다소 높았다. 호화특성은 최고점도가 높고 치반점도가 낮았으며, 보리밥 물성은 경도, 탄력성, 저작성이 새찰쌀보리보다 낮아 보리밥이 다소 부드러운 특성을 보였다. 평균수량성은 답리작에서 4.00 MT/ha로 새찰쌀보리보다 10% 증가하였다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명 : 곡류 및 대두 가공 부산물 활용 기능성물질 생산기술개발, 과제번호 : PJ0121072018)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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Quality Characteristics and Development of the Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Nulichal’ with High Yield and Good Quality
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(4):516-521.   Published online December 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.4.516
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Quality Characteristics and Development of the Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Nulichal’ with High Yield and Good Quality
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(4):516-521.   Published online December 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.4.516
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Quality Characteristics and Development of the Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Nulichal’ with High Yield and Good Quality
Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Nulichal’.

Fig. 1

Quality Characteristics and Development of the Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Nulichal’ with High Yield and Good Quality

Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Nulichal’.

Cultivars Vernalization Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length
Color Length Width Color Diameter Type Density
Nulichal III Naked Green Long Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Medium Short
Saechassal IV Naked Green Long Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Medium Long

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Nulichal’ cultivated in Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.

Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike 1000-grain weight (g) Test weight (g)
Nulichal Apr.24 May 30 82±2.2* 4.0±0.4 774±184 63±4.0 25.0±1.7* 793±13.3
Saechassal Apr.23 May 29 87±3.3 4.0±0.5 623±99 58±6.6 29.0±0.9 763±39.9

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=12)

The asterisk (*) stands for significant difference between the two cultivars at the 0.05 probability level by least square difference (LSD).

Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Nulichal’tested in Yeoncheon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.

Cultivar Winter killing rate z (%) Degree of lodging (0~9) w Powdery mildew y BaYMV x (0~9)
Normal High ridge Infection type Iksan (III) Naju (I) Jinju (IV)
Nulichal 42.3 92.1 0 Susceptable 3 1 1**
Saechassal 4.5 44.2 0 Susceptable 5 3 0

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yDisease induced natural infection at plastic house at Iksan during RYT.

xBarley Yellow Mosaic Virus, Backdong was 7.

w0: Resistence, 9: Susceptible.

The asterisk (**) stands for significant difference between the two cultivars at the 0.01 probability level by LSD.

Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Nulichal’.

Cultivar Protein cont. (%) Whiteness Total phenol (%) Grain pearling Cooking quality
Starch (%) β-glucan (%) Amylose (%) Water absorption rate (%) Expansion rate (%)
Nulichal 10.3±0.51* 36.8±0.47 0.57±0.15 59.4±3.49 6.8±0.52 7.2±1.85 269±16.6 455±27.1
Saechassal 11.6±0.28 37.7±0.85 0.68±0.27 58.4±2.73 6.3±0.60 7.2±2.35 267±18.5 443±38.0

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=3), data tested at 2010.

*Stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Texture properties of ‘Nulichal’.

Samples Hardness (kg) Adhesiveness (kg.sec) Cohesiveness Gumminess Chewiness
Nulichal 0.642±0.641 -0.201±0.034 0.818±0.01 0.208±0.091 0.110±0.074
Saechal 0.733±0.607 -0.188±0.019 0.780±0.01 0.217±0.016 0.126±0.010

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=3), data tested at 2010.

Pasting properties of ‘Nulichal’.

Area Initial pasting temp (°C) Peak viscosity (RVU) Hot paste viscosity (RVU) Final viscosity (RVU) Breakdown viscosity z (RVU) setback viscosity y (RVU)
Nulichal 64.7 420.6 178.9 256.4 241.6 77.5
Saechal 64.7 302.3 172.2 258.5 130.2 86.3

zPeak viscosity minus hot viscosity

yFinal viscosity minus hot viscosity

Yield potential of ‘Nulichal’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.

Field Regions Nulichal (MT/ha) Saechassal (MT/ha) Index (a/b×100)
2008 2009 2010 Mean (a) 2008 2009 2010 Mean (b)
Paddy Iksan 5.15 4.66 4.22 4.68 4.47 4.71 3.67 4.28 109
Naju 4.03 4.71 2.19 3.64 3.58 3.72 2.09 3.13 116
Jinju 3.24 4.60 3.16 3.67 3.29 3.94 3.09 3.44 107
Mean 4.14 4.66 3.24 4.00a 3.78 4.12 3.25 3.62b 110
Table 1 Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Nulichal’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Nulichal’ cultivated in Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=12)

The asterisk (*) stands for significant difference between the two cultivars at the 0.05 probability level by least square difference (LSD).

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Nulichal’tested in Yeoncheon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.

Data tested at Yeoncheon.

Disease induced natural infection at plastic house at Iksan during RYT.

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus, Backdong was 7.

0: Resistence, 9: Susceptible.

The asterisk (**) stands for significant difference between the two cultivars at the 0.01 probability level by LSD.

Table 4 Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Nulichal’.

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=3), data tested at 2010.

Stand for significant between two parents at the 0.05 probability level by LSD.

Table 5 Texture properties of ‘Nulichal’.

Average±SD (standard deviation), (n=3), data tested at 2010.

Table 6 Pasting properties of ‘Nulichal’.

Peak viscosity minus hot viscosity

Final viscosity minus hot viscosity

Table 7 Yield potential of ‘Nulichal’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2008 to 2010.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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