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이삭이 긴 다수성 흰찰옥수수 ‘장수찰’

서영호*, 박기진, 류시환, 박종열, 최재근

A High-yielding White Waxy Corn Single Cross Hybrid ‘Jangsuchal’ with Long Ear

Youngho Seo*, Kijin Park, Sihwan Ryu, Jongyeoul Park, and Jaekeun Choi
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(2):150-154.
Published online: June 1, 2018

강원도농업기술원

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: seoysh@korea.kr, Tel: +82-33-248-6093, Fax: +82-33-248-6100)
• Received: February 6, 2018   • Accepted: March 19, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new waxy corn single cross hybrid ‘Jangsuchal’ was developed by Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2014. The seed parent inbred HW12 was crossed with the pollen parent inbred HW15 in 2009. Days to silking of ‘Jangsuchal’ was three days later than ‘Ilmichal’, a check hybrid. Ear length of the hybrid was 22.2 cm, which was 2.8 cm greater than ‘Ilmichal’. The hybrid had thin pericarp thickness, high amylopectin content, and high value of sensory evaluation compared with ‘Ilmichal’. Resistance to disease and insect and lodging tolerance of ‘Jangsuchal’ were similar to those of ‘Ilmichal’. The number and weight of fresh ears for ‘Jangsuchal’ were greater than those of ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials from 2012 to 2014. Silking date of the seed parent HW12 was in the pollen dispersal period of the pollen parent HW15 and F1 seed yield was 242 kg/10a. ‘Jangsuchal’ can be planted anywhere in the country. Plant variety protection right of ‘Jangsuchal’ was registered in June 2017 with grant number of 6730.
우리나라의 옥수수 재배 면적은 지난 10여년간 약 15천 ha(2000년 15,808 ha, 2010년 15,528 ha, 2016년 15,183 ha)로 꾸준히 재배되어 왔으며(Korean Statistical Information Service 2018), 찰옥수수는 오래 전부터 주식 및 간식으로 쓰여 왔다. 1989년에 국내 최초로 찰옥수수 단교잡종인 찰옥1호(Park et al. 1992)가 개발되기 이전에는 농가에서 방임수분 재래종을 주로 재배하여 왔었다. 여러 기관에서 찰옥수수의 신품종 육성 연구가 활발하게 추진된 결과 찰옥1호에 비해서 수량성과 품질, 기능성 등이 개량된 연농1호(Lee et al. 1992), 찰옥4호(Jung et al. 2006a), 일미찰(Jung et al. 2006b), 미백2호(Park et al. 2007a), 미흑찰(Park et al. 2007b), 흑진주찰(Jung et al. 2009), 얼룩찰(Lee et al. 2011), 청춘찰(Park et al. 2016) 등 여러 단교잡 품종들이 개발되었다. 현재 미백2호, 미흑찰, 연농1호, 일미찰이 전체 찰옥수수 재배 면적의 90% 이상을 차지하고 있다(Park et al. 2016).
노지 찰옥수수 재배의 10a당 생산량은 2016년 485 kg이고(Korean Statistical Information Service 2018), 총수입은 2016년 기준으로 171만원이며 경영비는 53만원이라서 소득은 10a당 118만원이다(RDA 2018). 시설 재배를 하거나 관광지 등 일부 지역에서는 가격을 높게 받을 수 있어서 전국 평균인 118만원보다 높다. 또한 찰옥수수의 재배 기간이 85-110일로 비교적 짧아서 2기작이 가능하다.
우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 흰찰옥수수 가운데 미백2호와 연농1호는 품질이 우수한 반면 수량성이 일미찰에 비해 낮으며, 일미찰은 수량성이 높은 반면 식미 관능 평가가 상대적으로 낮다. 따라서 수량성은 미백2호와 연농1호보다 높고, 식미도 등 품질은 일미찰보다 우수한 품종의 개발이 필요하다. 재래종 찰옥수수는 식미도가 우수하며, 중국이나 미국 등의 외래종 찰옥수수는 대체로 수량성이 높다(Lee et al. 2002). 재래종과 외래종의 유전적 거리에 따른 잡종강세를 이용하고 각각의 장점을 발현시키면 우수한 찰옥수수 교잡종을 개발할 수 있을 것이다.
이에 강원도 농업기술원에서는 품질이 우수하고 수량성이 높은 흰찰옥수수를 개발하기 위하여 재래종 찰옥수수와 외래종 찰옥수수를 교배하였으며, 조합능력평가와 지대별 시험을 거쳐 수량성과 품질이 우수한 교잡종을 선발하였다. 전국적인 지역적응시험을 통해 수량성이 높고 식미도가 우수한 ‘장수찰’을 육성하였으며, 이 품종의 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
재배 방법
‘장수찰’의 특성 조사 및 수량 검정은 2012년부터 2014년까지 홍천 등 전국 5지역에서 지역적응시험을 4반복으로 수행하였으며, 표준품종인 일미찰과 성적을 비교하였다. 무기질 비료의 시용량은 N-P2O5-K2O로 10a당 14.6-3-6 kg이었고, 퇴비는 1.5톤이었다. 질소질 비료의 반량은 밑거름으로, 반량은 7-8엽기에 웃거름으로 주었으며, 인산질 비료와 칼리질 비료, 퇴비는 모두 밑거름으로 시용하였다. 재식 거리는 열간 거리 60 cm, 주간 거리 25 cm로서 재식 밀도는 ha당 66,000주였으며, 한 시험구당 4열 5 m로 하였다. 파종은 지역에 따라 4월 중하순에 각각 하였으며, 2립씩 파종한 다음 출현하고 나서 1주 1개체로 솎아주었다.
생육 및 수량 특성, 내재해 및 병해충 조사
생육 및 수량 특성은 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준(RDA 2012)에 따라 조사하였다. 출사일수는 시험구별 전체 개체 중 50%이상의 개체에서 수염이 출현하였을 때를 출사기로 하여 파종일로부터 계산하였으며, 간장과 착수고는 시험구별 10주씩 조사하였다. 수량 및 이삭 특성은 시험구내 가운데 2열에서 10주씩 총 20주를 수확한 다음, 포엽을 제거한 이삭의 길이가 10 cm 이상인 이삭을 대상으로 조사하였다. 병해로서 깨씨무늬병(Bipolaris maydis), 그을음무늬병(Exserohilum turcicum)은 자연발생 조건에서 출사 후 풋옥수수 수확 전에 조사하였으며, 충해로는 조명나방(Ostrinia furnacalis)를 풋옥수수 수확시기에 피해가 발생한 이삭수를 조사하여 산출하였다.
채종 시험
2014년에 홍천의 지형적으로 격리된 노지 포장에서 수행하였다. 4월 17일에 종자친과 화분친을 동시 파종하였다. 종자친과 화분친을 2:1로 웅주 간파하였으며, 재식 밀도는 80×30 cm이었다. 종자친의 웅수 제거는 수작업으로 하였다. 화분비산 기간, 출사기, 이삭 특성, 100립중, 채종량은 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준(RDA 2012)에 따라 조사하였다.
육성경위
‘장수찰’(강원찰36호)은 자식계통 HW12를 종자친으로 하고 자식계통 HW15를 화분친으로 교배된 단교잡종이다(Fig. 1). 종자친인 HW12는 1994년에 제원 재래종과 보성 재래종의 교잡종에 자식계통인 KW7의 꽃가루를 수정한 다음 계통을 분리하고 선발하는 과정을 거쳐서 2001년에 8세대 계통으로 선발되었다. 화분친인 HW15는 2003년에 중국에서 수집하여 개체 선발 및 계통 분리를 통하여 선발하였다. 2009년에 HW12와 HW15를 교배하였으며, 2010년에 강원도 홍천에서 ‘홍교160’의 이름으로 조합능력검정 시험을 거쳐 2011년에 강원도 3개 지역(홍천, 평창, 정선)에서 생산력을 검정하였고, 2012년부터 2014년까지 전국 5개 지역(수원, 홍천, 청원, 대구, 진주)에서 ‘강원찰36호’로 전국 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 이삭이 길고 수량성이 높으며 식미도가 우수한 신품종으로 인정되어, 2014년 12월에 농촌진흥청 신품종선정위원회에서 ‘장수찰’로 명명하였다.
Fig. 1
Breeding procedure of ‘Jangsuchal’
KJBS_50_150_fig_1.jpg
고유특성
‘장수찰’의 교잡 유형은 일미찰과 같이 단교잡종이다(Table 1). 부위별 안토시아닌 색소 함량은 일미찰과 달리 엽초와 자수 수염은 다소 강한 자색을 띠며, 웅수는 매우 약하게 표현된다. 종실의 과피색은 일미찰과 마찬가지로 흰색이다(Fig. 2).
Table 1
Inherited characteristics of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.
Table 1
Hybrid Type Anthocyanin coloration Seed coat
Sheath of Leaf Glumes of tassel Anthers of tassel Silks
Jangsuchal Single cross Strong Very weak Very weak Strong White
Ilmichal Single cross Medium Weak Weak Very weak White
Fig. 2
Photos for plant(a), ear(b), tassel(c), and ears after husking(d) of ‘Jangsuchal’.
KJBS_50_150_fig_2.jpg
주요 생육 및 품질관련 특성
‘장수찰’의 출사일수는 일미찰에 비해서 3일 늦은 74일이고, 간장과 착수고율은 각각 246 cm와 57%로 다소 높았다(Table 2). 분지수는 0.31개로 일미찰의 0.94개보다 적었다. 이삭의 길이는 22.2 cm로 일미찰보다 길었으며, 폭은 4.2 cm였다. 종실의 과피 두께는 38 μm로 일미찰에 비해 얇았으며, 아밀로펙틴 함량은 92.1%로 일미찰과 비슷하였다(Table 3). 찰옥수수 교잡종의 과피 두께는 관능검사의 전체적인 기호도와 부의 상관관계가 있다고 알려져 있다(Jung et al. 2005). ‘장수찰’의 식미 관능 평가의 결과는 5.4-6.0으로 일미찰의 4.8-5.0에 비해서 우수하였다.
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.
Table 2
Hybrid Days to silking Plant height (cm) Relative ear position (%) Number of tillers Ear characteristics
Length (cm) Kernel setting ratio (%) Diameter (cm)
Jangsuchal 74az 246a 57a 0.31b 22.2a 94a 4.2b
Ilmichal 71b 218b 53b 0.94a 19.4b 95a 4.5a

zHybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level

Table 3
Grain qualities and sensory evaluation of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.
Table 3
Hybrid Pericarp thickness (μm) Amylopectin content (%) Sensory evaluation (1: poor – 9: excellent)
Appearance Stickiness Chew degree Integrated
Jangsuchal 38bz 92.1a 5.4a 5.8a 6.0a 6.0a
Ilmichal 50a 91.2a 4.9a 4.8b 4.9b 5.0b

zHybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level

병충해 및 내재해성
‘장수찰’은 일미찰과 내도복성이 비슷하였다(Table 4). 깨씨무늬병과 그을음무늬병 등 내병성도 일미찰과 비슷하였고, 조명나방 등 충해의 발생 또한 일미찰과 비슷하였다.
Table 4
Resistance to lodging, disease and insect of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.
Table 4
Hybrid Lodging (1-9)z Disease resistance (0-9) Insect damage (0-9)
Southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis)y Northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum)y Corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis)x
Jangsuchal 1.4aw 3.0a 1.0a 3.6a
Ilmichal 1.9a 3.0a 1.0a 2.6a

z1: None, 3: <10%, 5: 30-50%, 7: 50-60%, 9: >70%

y0: None, 1: <1%, 3: 1-10%, 5: 10-20%, 7: 20-40%, 9: >40%

x0: None, 1: <1%, 3: 1-5%, 5: 5-10%, 7: 10-20%, 9: >20%

wHybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

수량성
2012년부터 2014년까지 3년간 전국 5개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험의 결과에 따르면, ‘장수찰’의 이삭수는 10a당 6,337개로 일미찰의 6,119개보다 많았으며, 이삭중 또한 10a당 1,232 kg로 일미찰에 대등하였다(Tables 5, 6).
Table 5
Number of ears per 10a of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials for three years.
Table 5
Region Jangsuchal(A) Ilmichal(B) Index(%) A/B
’12 ’13 ’14 Mean ’12 ’13 ’14 Mean
Hongcheon 6,600 5,280 5,940 5,940 6,600 6,353 6,600 6,518 91
Suwon 6,528 6,458 6,597 6,528 5,556 5,278 6,250 5,695 115
Cheongwon 5,417 6,471 6,667 6,185 5,417 6,177 6,510 6,035 102
Daegu 6,301 6,198 6,771 6,423 5,312 5,729 6,510 5,850 110
Jinju 6,667 6,667 6,500 6,611 6,667 6,667 6,150 6,495 102
Mean 6,303 6,215 6,495 6,337bz 5,910 6,041 6,404 6,119a 104

zHybrids with same letter in a row are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 6
Fresh ear weight (kg/10a) of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials for three years.
Table 6
Region Jangsuchal (A) Ilmichal (B) Index (%) A/B
’12 ’13 ’14 Mean ’12 ’13 ’14 Mean
Hongcheon 1,242 857 996 1,032 1,425 944 1,275 1,215 85
Suwon 1,049 922 1,219 1,063 957 921 1,275 1,051 101
Cheongwon 1,090 1,292 1,103 1,162 1,102 1,289 1,052 1,148 101
Daegu 1,194 1,423 1,660 1,426 1,070 1,218 1,518 1,269 112
Jinju 1,402 1,593 1,431 1,475 1,336 1,480 1,273 1,363 108
Mean 1,195 1,217 1,282 1,232az 1,195 1,170 1,279 1,209a 102

zHybrids with same letter in a row are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

채종시험
‘장수찰’의 화분친인 HW15의 화분비산 기간에 종자친인 HW12가 출사하였으므로, 앞으로 종자 생산할 때에 화분친과 종자친을 동시에 파종하여도 수정이 순조롭게 이루어질 것으로 판단된다(Table 7). 2:1로 웅주 간파하였을 때 채종량은 10a당 242 kg으로 높은 편이었다.
Table 7
Seed production trial of ‘Jangsuchal’ in Hongcheon (2014).
Table 7
Planting ratio Inbred Planting date Pollen dispersal period Silking date Ear (cm) 100 kernel weight (g) F1 seed yield (kg/10a)
Length Diameter
2 : 1 HW12(♀) 4. 17. - 7. 8. 15.0 4.1 26.2 242
(♀:♂) HW15(♂) 4. 17. 7. 7.∼7. 12. - - - - -
적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘장수찰’은 전국에서 재배가 가능하다. 1대 교잡종이므로 매년 종자를 새로 구입하여야 하며, 찰옥수수 열성 인자를 가지고 있으므로 다른 종류의 옥수수와는 200 m 이상 떨어뜨려서 재배하여야 한다. 비료와 퇴비를 많이 주거나 밀식하면 쓰러질 수 있으므로 주의해야 한다. 비가 많이 오고 바람이 셀 때에는 쓰러짐을 예방하기 위하여 물이 잘 빠지도록 관리하여야 한다.
‘장수찰’은 2014년에 강원도농업기술원 옥수수연구소에서 개발한 단교잡종 흰찰옥수수로서, 자식계통 HW12을 종자친으로 하고 HW15를 화분친으로 한다. ‘장수찰’은 이삭의 길이가 22.2 cm로 길고, 수량성이 일미찰보다 높으며, 출사일수는 일미찰에 비해서 3일 늦었다. 일미찰에 비해서 ‘장수찰’은 과피 두께가 얇고, 아밀로펙틴 함량은 높으며, 식미 관능 평가는 전체적으로 일미찰보다 우수하였다. 병충해 및 도복에 대한 저항성은 일미찰과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 채종시험 결과 화분친의 화분비산 기간에 종자친이 출사하여 동시 파종하여도 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 판단되며, 2:1로 웅주 간파하였을 때의 채종량은 10a당 242 kg였다.
품종등록 번호: 제6730호
본 논문은 골든씨드프로젝트(식량종자사업단, 213009052SB820)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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A High-yielding White Waxy Corn Single Cross Hybrid ‘Jangsuchal’ with Long Ear
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(2):150-154.   Published online June 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.2.150
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A High-yielding White Waxy Corn Single Cross Hybrid ‘Jangsuchal’ with Long Ear
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(2):150-154.   Published online June 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.2.150
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A High-yielding White Waxy Corn Single Cross Hybrid ‘Jangsuchal’ with Long Ear
Image Image
Fig. 1 Breeding procedure of ‘Jangsuchal’
Fig. 2 Photos for plant(a), ear(b), tassel(c), and ears after husking(d) of ‘Jangsuchal’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

A High-yielding White Waxy Corn Single Cross Hybrid ‘Jangsuchal’ with Long Ear

Inherited characteristics of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

Hybrid Type Anthocyanin coloration Seed coat
Sheath of Leaf Glumes of tassel Anthers of tassel Silks
Jangsuchal Single cross Strong Very weak Very weak Strong White
Ilmichal Single cross Medium Weak Weak Very weak White

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

Hybrid Days to silking Plant height (cm) Relative ear position (%) Number of tillers Ear characteristics
Length (cm) Kernel setting ratio (%) Diameter (cm)
Jangsuchal 74az 246a 57a 0.31b 22.2a 94a 4.2b
Ilmichal 71b 218b 53b 0.94a 19.4b 95a 4.5a

zHybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level

Grain qualities and sensory evaluation of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

Hybrid Pericarp thickness (μm) Amylopectin content (%) Sensory evaluation (1: poor – 9: excellent)
Appearance Stickiness Chew degree Integrated
Jangsuchal 38bz 92.1a 5.4a 5.8a 6.0a 6.0a
Ilmichal 50a 91.2a 4.9a 4.8b 4.9b 5.0b

zHybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level

Resistance to lodging, disease and insect of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

Hybrid Lodging (1-9)z Disease resistance (0-9) Insect damage (0-9)
Southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis)y Northern leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum)y Corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis)x
Jangsuchal 1.4aw 3.0a 1.0a 3.6a
Ilmichal 1.9a 3.0a 1.0a 2.6a

z1: None, 3: <10%, 5: 30-50%, 7: 50-60%, 9: >70%

y0: None, 1: <1%, 3: 1-10%, 5: 10-20%, 7: 20-40%, 9: >40%

x0: None, 1: <1%, 3: 1-5%, 5: 5-10%, 7: 10-20%, 9: >20%

wHybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Number of ears per 10a of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials for three years.

Region Jangsuchal(A) Ilmichal(B) Index(%) A/B
’12 ’13 ’14 Mean ’12 ’13 ’14 Mean
Hongcheon 6,600 5,280 5,940 5,940 6,600 6,353 6,600 6,518 91
Suwon 6,528 6,458 6,597 6,528 5,556 5,278 6,250 5,695 115
Cheongwon 5,417 6,471 6,667 6,185 5,417 6,177 6,510 6,035 102
Daegu 6,301 6,198 6,771 6,423 5,312 5,729 6,510 5,850 110
Jinju 6,667 6,667 6,500 6,611 6,667 6,667 6,150 6,495 102
Mean 6,303 6,215 6,495 6,337bz 5,910 6,041 6,404 6,119a 104

zHybrids with same letter in a row are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Fresh ear weight (kg/10a) of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials for three years.

Region Jangsuchal (A) Ilmichal (B) Index (%) A/B
’12 ’13 ’14 Mean ’12 ’13 ’14 Mean
Hongcheon 1,242 857 996 1,032 1,425 944 1,275 1,215 85
Suwon 1,049 922 1,219 1,063 957 921 1,275 1,051 101
Cheongwon 1,090 1,292 1,103 1,162 1,102 1,289 1,052 1,148 101
Daegu 1,194 1,423 1,660 1,426 1,070 1,218 1,518 1,269 112
Jinju 1,402 1,593 1,431 1,475 1,336 1,480 1,273 1,363 108
Mean 1,195 1,217 1,282 1,232az 1,195 1,170 1,279 1,209a 102

zHybrids with same letter in a row are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Seed production trial of ‘Jangsuchal’ in Hongcheon (2014).

Planting ratio Inbred Planting date Pollen dispersal period Silking date Ear (cm) 100 kernel weight (g) F1 seed yield (kg/10a)
Length Diameter
2 : 1 HW12(♀) 4. 17. - 7. 8. 15.0 4.1 26.2 242
(♀:♂) HW15(♂) 4. 17. 7. 7.∼7. 12. - - - - -
Table 1 Inherited characteristics of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

Hybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level

Table 3 Grain qualities and sensory evaluation of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

Hybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level

Table 4 Resistance to lodging, disease and insect of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’.

1: None, 3: <10%, 5: 30-50%, 7: 50-60%, 9: >70%

0: None, 1: <1%, 3: 1-10%, 5: 10-20%, 7: 20-40%, 9: >40%

0: None, 1: <1%, 3: 1-5%, 5: 5-10%, 7: 10-20%, 9: >20%

Hybrids with same letter in each column are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 5 Number of ears per 10a of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials for three years.

Hybrids with same letter in a row are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 6 Fresh ear weight (kg/10a) of ‘Jangsuchal’ compared with ‘Ilmichal’ in regional yield trials for three years.

Hybrids with same letter in a row are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 7 Seed production trial of ‘Jangsuchal’ in Hongcheon (2014).

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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