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벼흰잎마름병 저항성 고품질 중만생 벼 ‘만백’

Bacterial Blight Resistant Mid-late Maturing Rice ‘Manbaek’ with High Grain Quality

Hyun-Su Park1,*, Man-Kee Baek1, Bo-Kyeong Kim1, Ki-Young Kim2, Woon-Chul Shin1, Jae-Kwon Ko1, Jeong-Kwon Nam1, Woo-Jae Kim1, Young-Chan Cho1, Jong-Cheol Ko1, Jeong-Ju Kim1, Hyun-Soon Kim1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2017;49(3):235-244.
Published online: August 31, 2017

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*Corresponding Author (mayoe@korea.kr, +82-63-238-5216, +82-63-238-5205)
• Received: March 22, 2017   • Accepted: June 7, 2017

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  • ‘Manbaek’ is a bacterial blight resistant mid-late maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality. ‘Manbeak’ was derived from anther culture using the backcross combination, Hopum*2/SR30075. ‘Hopum’ is a mid-late maturing rice cultivar with high grain quality and ‘SR30075’ is a pyramid line carrying three bacterial blight resistance genes. ‘Manbaek’ was selected through the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests. ‘Manbeak’ carrying two bacterial blight resistance gene Xa3 and xa5 showed high-level and broad-spectrum resistance against bacterial blight. ‘Manbaek’ was resistant to K3a, mostly virulent race in Korea, and exhibited resistance reaction against 16 Korean bacterial blight isolates. ‘Manbaek’ was a mid-late maturing rice. The heading date of ‘Manbaek’ was August 19th, which was 5 days later than that of ‘Nampyeong’. Manbaek’ was a lodging-tolerant rice with short culm and dark green leaf. Due to the low viviparous germination, ‘Manbaek’ could be a useful material to prevent pre-harvest sprouting. ‘Mabeak’ was resistant to bacterial blight and rice stripe virus, but susceptible to other virus diseases and insect pests. The yield of ‘Manbaek’ was similar to ‘Nampyeong’. ‘Manbaek’ showed excellent grain appearance and good tastes of cooked rice, so that it could contribute to improving the quality of bacterial blight resistant cultivars. ‘Manbaek’, bacterial blight resistant cultivar with high grain quality, is suitable for the cultivation at bacterial blight prone area and has been utilized in the breeding programs for enhancing the resistance against bacterial blight (Registration No. 6069).
우리나라는 지구온난화로 인하여 벼 재배기간 중 기온이 상승 하고 있고 돌발 병해충 발생이 증가하고 있으며, 집중 및 연속 강우와 강한 태풍의 발생 등 이상기상현상이 빈번해지고 있다 (Choi et al. 2015, Kim et al. 2012, Lee et al. 2012). 벼 등숙기 고온은 전분합성의 문제(Kobayashi et al. 2007, Yamakawa et al. 2007)를 야기시켜 쌀의 수량과 외관품위를 크게 떨어뜨린 다(Cho et al. 2015). 이를 극복하기 위해서 일본에서는 고온등숙 조건에서도 쌀 수량 및 미질 저하가 적은 내성품종으로 ‘니꼬마 루’, ‘유메미즈호’, ‘후사오도메’ 등이 육성되었고, 우리나라에서 는 고온조건에서 등숙이 양호한 ‘중모1024’를 육성하였다 (Jeung et al. 2016, Ko et al. 2014). 고온에 내성인 품종 개발과 함께 출수가 늦은 품종을 개발함으로써 고온등숙을 회피하려는 시도도 함께 이루어지고 있다(Yeo et al. 2012) 벼흰잎마름병은 세균성병으로 기후변화에 따라 병원성이 강한 새로운 균계의 발생 및 분포가 증가하고 있다(Kang et al. 2015, Noh et al. 2003). 벼흰잎마름병 방제용으로 몇 가지 화학약제가 개발되어 사용되고 있으나 방제효과가 낮아 저항성 품종 재배가 가장 경제적이고 효율적인 방제 수단으로 알려져 있다(Khush et al. 1989, Shin et al. 2011). 우리나라의 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 육종 사업은 주로 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 이루어지고 있다. 1975년부터 2015년까지 국립식량과학원에서 개발된 자포니카 형 벼 330품종 중 문제시 되고 있는 K3a 균계에 저항성인 품종은 단 7품종(2.1%)으로 이에 대한 보완이 필요한 실정이다(Park et al. 2016). 자포니카형 벼는 흰잎마름병에 대한 저항성원이 다양하지 못하기 때문에 인디카나 야생벼 등에서 저항성 유전자 를 우리나라 재배품종으로 도입하게 되는데 이때 초형 불량, 미질 저하 등 열악형질이 수반될 가능성이 있다(Jeung et al. 2005, Park et al. 2014). 특히 소비자는 쌀의 외관품위나 밥맛을 중요하게 생각하기 때문에 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 품종 개발시 품질 특성은 중요한 선발지표이다. 벼 수발아는 수확전 종실이 모식물체에 붙어 있는 상태에서 발아를 하는 것으로 발생시 수량 감소와 함께 품질이 크게 떨어진다(Kim et al. 2008). 최근 우리나라의 기후변화에 따른 등숙기간 중 강우 일수의 증가와 연속 강우, 높은 온도 조건은 수발아 발생을 조장하고 있다(Kim et al. 2012, Park & Kim 2009). 또한 수확기의 빈번한 태풍의 조우로 인하여 도복에 의한 수발아 피해가 우려되고 있는 상황으 로 2016년 수확기를 앞두고 연속 강우와 태풍의 도래로 전라남도 등 남부지역을 중심으로 수발아가 광범위하게 발생하여 큰 피해 를 초래하였다. 수발아에 의한 피해가 지속적으로 발생하고 있고 기후변화의 불확실성을 감안할 때 수발아 내성과 내도복성은 재배품종으로서 갖추어야할 중요한 형질 특성이다.
농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 벼 육종팀은 기후변화에 대응할 수 있는 고품질 벼 품종을 개발하고자 육종사업을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 출수가 기존의 중만생종 벼 품종에 비해 늦어 고온등숙 에 의한 품질 저하를 회피하고 벼흰잎마름병에 광범위 저항성을 갖추고 있으며 수발아 내성을 가지고 있는 단간 내도복 고품질 중만생 벼 품종 ‘만백’을 육성하였다. 이에 ‘만백’의 육성경위 및 주요특성을 보고하고자 한다.
시험재료 및 재배방법
교배모본으로 최고품질 벼 품종인 ‘호품’(Ko et al. 2008)을 반복친으로 하고 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자가 집적된 계통 ‘SR30075-2-1-21-2-2-1’(Suh et al. 2013)을 수여친으로 이용 하였다. 1회 여교배하여 작성된 BC1F1세대 식물체를 약배양하 여 고정된 약배양 계통을 확보하였고, 이를 이용하여 벼흰잎마름 병 저항성 계통육종사업을 수행하였다. 선발된 저항성 고정 계통 에 대해서 2011- 2012년에 중만생종 표준품종 ‘남평’과 함께 생산력 검정시험을 수행하였다. 공시 재료를 국립식량과학원 벼 포장에 4월 30일 파종하여 5월 30일에 재식거리 30 x 15 cm로 주당 3본씩 구당 180주를 3반복으로 이앙하였다. 시비량은 N-P2O5-K2O를 90-45-57 kg/ha으로 질소는 기비 : 분얼비 : 수비 를 50 : 20 : 30 비율로 분시하였고, 인산은 전량 기비로, 칼륨은 기비 : 수비를 70 : 30 비율로 분시하였다. 기타 재배관리는 농촌진흥청 표준 재배법에 준하여 실시하였다. 생산력 검정시험 에서 농업형질 특성이 우수하고 벼흰잎마름병에 저항성을 나타 내는 계통을 선발하여 ‘익산551호’로 계통명을 부여하고 지역적 응성 검정시험에 공시하였다. 지역적응성 검정시험은 보통기 보비 재배시험을 서남부해안지(계화, 영암, 고성), 호남평야지 (식량원 익산, 전북도원 익산, 예산, 논산, 나주), 영남평야지(밀 양, 대구, 선산, 진주) 등 총 12개소에서 2012-2014년 3년 동안 수행하였고, 이모작 적응성 재배시험을 호남(식량원 익산)과 영남평야지(밀양) 등 2개소에서 2013-2014년 2년동안 수행하였 다. 보통기 보비재배 및 이모작 적응성 재배시험의 표준품종으로 ‘남평’을 이용하였다. 재배방법에 따른 시험지별 파종 및 이앙시 기, 재식밀도와 주당묘수, 시비량 및 질소 분시방법 등과 농업형 질 및 수량구성요소, 생리장해 및 병해충 저항성, 도정특성 조사 는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발공동연구사업 과제수행계획서의 조 사기준에 준하여 실시하였다(RDA 2012, 2013, 2014).
벼흰잎마름병 저항성 검정
벼흰잎마름병 저항성 계통육종사업에서 병원성이 강한 HB1009(K3a균계) 균주를 이용하여 저항성 검정을 수행하였고, 생산력 검정시험과 지역적응성 검정시험에서는 우리나라 벼흰 잎마름병 대표균계에 대한 저항성 반응을 HB1013(K1), HB1014(K2), HB1015(K3), HB1009(K3a) 균주를 이용하여 검정하였다. 검정 계통에 대해서 최고분얼기에 균주 별로 3주씩 엽선단 3 cm 부위를 가위 절엽접종하였다(Kauffman et al. 1973). 접종 후 3주 후에 각각의 개체에서 가장 긴 병반을 가진 3개 엽의 병반장을 측정하여 평균 병반장 길이가 5 cm 이하는 저항성(R; resistant), 5-10 cm는 중도저항성(MR; moderately resistant), 10 cm 이상은 이병성(S; susceptible)으로 질적저항성 을 구분하였다. 벼흰잎마름병에 대한 광범위 저항성 검정을 위해 서 국내 수집 벼흰잎마름병 균주 중 Xa3 유전자를 침해하는 것으 로 알려진 HB2024, HB2038, HB3034, HB3055, HB3079(K4), HB4024, HB4030, HB4040, HB4044(K5), HB4079, HB6142, HB6151, HB6159와 Xa3 유전자를 침해하지 못하나 Xa21 유전 자를 침해하는 HB2010, HB3011, HB4027 균주(Kim et al. 2009, Park et al. 2013) 등 총 16개 균주를 이용하였다. 플라스틱 상자(78 x 45 x 18 cm)에 ‘익산551호’, 표준품종인 ‘남평’과 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 품종 ‘진백’(Kim et al. 2009)을 주당 3본씩 16주 이앙하여 한 개체 당 한 균주씩 엽선단 약 3 cm 부위를 가위 절엽접종하여 접종 3주 후에 가장 긴 병반을 가진 3개 엽의 병반장을 측정하여 평균한 값을 이용하였다.
통계 분석
통계분석은 SAS 프로그램(Version 9.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA)을 이용하였다. 농업형질에 대한 평균을 기술 통계법으로 구하였고, PROC t-test를 이용하여 표준품종과 형질 값을 비교하였다. 벼흰잎마름병에 대한 광범위 저항성 검정에서 공시재료들의 평균간 비교는 16개 균주에 대한 병반장 값을 이용하여 PROC ANOVA로 분산분석 후 유의성이 있을 경우 5% 유의수준에서 Duncan’s Multiple Range test (DMRT)로 분석하였다.
육성경위
‘만백’은 벼흰잎마름병에 대한 저항성이 증진된 고품질 벼 품종을 개발하고자 육성되었다. 교배모본으로 최고품질 벼 품종 인 ‘호품’과 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자가 집적된 계통 ‘SR30075-2-1-21-2-2-1’(이하 SR30075)을 이용하였다(Fig. 1). ‘호품’은 단간 내도복에 재배안정성을 갖춘 품종으로 밥맛이 우수하며 ‘화영’에서 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa3가 도입되 어 우리나라 벼흰잎마름병 대표균계 K1, K2, K3에 저항성을 나타낸다(Ko et al. 2008). 하지만 Xa3 저항성 유전자를 가지고 있는 우수한 자포니카 벼 품종들이 많이 개발되어 이들의 대면적 재배가 장기화됨에 따라 Xa3붕괴시키는 병원성이 강한 새로운 균계 K3a(Noh et al. 2003)가 발생하여 확산되었고, ‘호품’을 비롯하여 기존의 저항성 품종들이 이병화되어 피해가 발생하여 왔다(Shin et al. 2005, Shin et al. 2011). 이러한 문제에 대응하고 자 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 육종사업이 수행되었다. 벼흰잎마름병 에 대한 저항성을 증진하고자 자포니카형 중만생 품종 ‘만금’ 배경에 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa4+xa5+Xa21이 집적되 어 있는 ‘SR30075’ 계통을 활용하였다(Suh et al. 2013). 이 계통은 우리나라 벼흰잎마름병에 대해 광범위 저항성을 나타낸 다. 조기에 K3a균계에 대한 저항성이 도입된 고정계통을 확보하 고자 ‘호품’을 반복친으로 하고 ‘SR30075’를 수여친으로 하여 작성된 BC1F1 식물체에 약배양을 수행하였다(Fig. 2). 확보된 423개 약배양 계통을 2010년 포장에 전개하여 벼흰잎마름병 K3a 균계에 대한 생물검정, 초형 및 미질 등 농업형질에 대한 특성검정을 거쳐 우량 고정 계통들을 선발하였다. 2011-2012년 에 생산력 검정시험을 실시하여 ‘남평’보다 출수가 늦은 중만생 종이며 엽색이 진하고 내도복 직립초형으로 쌀의 외관품위와 밥맛이 양호하고 벼흰잎마름병에 대해서 저항성이 증진된 계통 인 HR28423-AC52을 선발하여 ‘익산551호’로 계통명을 부여 하였다. ‘익산551호’는 2012-2014년 3년간의 지역적응성 검정 시험을 통해 벼흰잎마름병에 광범위한 저항성을 나타내며 수발 아에 내성이고 밥맛이 우수한 특성이 인정되어 농촌진흥청 직무 육성 신품종 선정심의위원회에서 신품종으로 선정되었고, 출수 가 늦으면서 벼흰잎마름병에 저항성이라는 의미에서 ‘만백’으로 품종명이 명명되었다.
Fig. 1
Genealogical diagram of ‘Manbaek’
KJBS-49-235_F1.gif
Fig. 2
Pedigree diagram of ‘Manbaek’.
KJBS-49-235_F2.gif
출수기 및 주요 농업적 특성
‘만백’은 서남부해안지, 호남 및 영남평야지에서의 출수기가 평균 8월 19일로 표준품종인 ‘남평’보다 5일 정도 느린 중만생종 이다(Table 1). 고온등숙을 회피하고 쌀 품질을 향상시키기 위해 서 기존의 중만생종보다 출수가 늦은 벼 품종 개발이 제안되었다 (Kim et al. 2007). 이러한 관점에서 ‘영호진미’(2009년 개발) 와 ‘미품’(2010년)과 같은 벼 품종들이 개발되었다. 육성 당시 ‘영호진미’는 출수기가 평균8월 21일(남평 8월 16일)이었고 ‘미 품’은 8월 20일(남평 8월 15일)로 ‘남평’에 비해 5일 늦은 중만생 종으로, 품질이 우수하여 직무육성 신품종 선정심의위원회에서 최고품질 벼 품종으로 선정되었다(Kim et al. 2012, Yeo et al. 2012). ‘만백’도 ‘영호진미’와 ‘미품’과 같이 출수기를 기존의 중만생종 품종보다 늦춤으로써 등숙기 고온에 의한 품질 저하를 회피하고자 하였다. ‘만백’은 ‘남평’에 비해 엽색이 진한 녹색으 로 성숙기에 육안으로도 그 차이를 구별할 수 있다(Fig. 3A). ‘만백’은 간장이 71 cm로 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 ‘남평’보 다 7 cm 작은 단간 내도복 품종으로 수장은 22 cm로 ‘남평’보다 2 cm 길고 주당 수수는 13개로 ‘남평’과 비슷하고 수당립수는 106개로 ‘남평’(95개)보다 많다(Table 1). 등숙비율은 89.9%로 ‘남평’(87.0%)보다 높았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었고, 현미천립 중은 21.6 g로 ‘남평’(21.6 g)과 비슷하였다.
Table 1
Major agronomic traits and yield components.
Table 1
Cultivar Heading date (mm.dd) Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles per hill No. of pikelets per panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1,000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Manbaek 8.19**z 71** 22* 13ns 106** 89.9ns 21.6ns
Nampyeong 8.14 78 20 14 95 87.0 21.6

zns, * and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and 0.01 by t-test, respectively

Fig. 3
Plant type at maturing stage (A) and grain shape of rough, brown, and milled rice (B).
KJBS-49-235_F3.gif
생리장해 및 도복 저항성
‘만백’은 생육 중후기에 위조현상이 없으며, 성숙기 하엽노화 가 늦은 편이었다(Table 2). 내냉성 검정 결과 ‘남평’에 비해 출수지연일수가 2일 길고 임실률은 비슷한 수준이었으며 저온 발아율이 80%로 ‘남평’(42%)에 비해 유의한 수준으로 높았다. 도복 저항성과 관련하여 줄기의 기부에 하중을 걸어 부러질 때의 무게를 측정하는 좌절중이 1,753 g으로 ‘남평’(1,457 g) 보다 높고, 도복의 전체적 정도를 나타내는 도복지수가 94로 ‘남평’(109)보다 낮아 도복에 안정적인 특성을 나타내는 것으로 판단되었다. 수발아율은 3.4%로 ‘남평’(3.0%)과 비슷하게 안되 는 편이었다. ‘만백’의 교배모본 중 반복친으로 이용된 ‘호품’은 재배안정성을 갖추고 있으며 밥맛이 우수한 최고품질 품종이나 육성 당시 수발아가 49%(남평 21%)로 수발아에 다소 취약한 특성을 가지고 있다(Ko et al. 2008). 수여친으로 이용된 ‘SR30075’는 수발아율이 10% 이하인 ‘만금’(Park 2010)을 반 복친으로 하고 수발아에 강한 내성을 나타내는 것으로 알려진 인디카형 계통 ‘IRBB57’을 수여친으로 하여 육성된 계통으로 ‘만백’의 수발아 내성은 ‘SR30075’에서 유래한 것으로 추정된 다. ‘만백’은 도복에 강하고 수발아 내성을 가지고 있어 수발아에 대한 안정성 확보를 위한 육종소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Table 2
Response to physiological and abiotic stresses.
Table 2
Cultivar Occurrence of wilting Leaf senescence at maturing Cold tolerancez Low tem. germinabilityy (%) Lodging Viviparous germinationx (%)
Seedling stage (1-9) Heading delay (day) Grain fer tility(%) Phenotypic acceptability (1-9) Breaking strength (g) Index
Manbaek Tolerance Late 5 12 29nsw 7 80** 1,753 94 3.4ns
Nampyeong Tolerance Late 5 10 32 7 42 1,457 109 3.0

zCold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17°C) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS

yGermination rate for 15 days at 13°C

xGermination rate for 7 days at 25°C

wns and ** mean no significant and significant at p<0.01 by t-test, respectively

벼흰잎마름병 저항성
‘만백’은 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자를 표지하는 분자마커 로 검정한 결과 저항성 유전자 Xa3와 xa5 두 개가 집적되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다(Park et al. 2013). 현재 Xa3+xa5 저항 성 유전자 조합은 병원성이 강한 K3a 균계에 대응하기 위해 우리나라 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 육종사업에서 가장 활발하게 이용되고 있는 목표 유전자 조합이다(Park et al. 2013). 지금까지 개발된 K3a 균계에 저항성인 자포니카 벼 품종들은 최초의 저항 성 품종인 ‘강백’(xa5 단독 보유, 2005년 개발) 이외에 나머지 6품종인 ‘진백’(2008년), ‘신백’(2010년), ‘해품’(2013년), ‘새 신’, ‘안백’ 및 ‘만백’(2014년) 모두 Xa3+xa5 조합을 보유하고 있는 것으로 추정된다(Park et al. 2016). Xa3+xa5 조합은 우리 나라 대표균계 K1, K2, K3, K3a에 저항성 반응을 나타냈으며 국내 수집 16개 균주에 대해서도 모두 저항성인 광범위 저항성 반응을 나타냈다(Park et al. 2013). ‘만백’도 우리나라 대표균계 에 강한 저항성 반응을 나타냈으며 국내 수집 16개 균주에 대해서 도 평균 병반장이 3.5 cm로 광범위한 저항성 반응을 나타내 (Table 3, Fig. 4) 벼흰잎마름병에 대한 저항성이 증진된 품종으 로 판단되었다.
Table 3
Resistance reaction to bacterial blight.
Table 3
Cultivar Resistance gene Race Resistance at field nursery Reaction against 16 isolates (cm)
K1 K2 K3 K3a
Manbaek Xa3+xa5 Rz R R R R 3.5±1.49ybx
Nampyeong unknown S S S S S 16.0±2.65a
Jinbaek Xa3+xa5 R R R R R 2.8±1.59b

zR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

yAverage lesion length was measured by 3 leaves mostly inoculated.

xMeans with same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

Fig. 4
Resistance reaction of Manbaek, Nampyeong, and Jinbaek against bacterial blight races K1(HB1013 isolate), K2(HB1014), K3(HB1015), and K3a(HB1009) (A) and other16 Korean Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates (B). The White bar indicates 10 cm.
KJBS-49-235_F4.gif
도열병, 바이러스 병 및 해충 저항성
‘만백’은 도열병 검정결과 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정에서 저항 성 정도가 평균 5.6으로 ‘남평’(3.5)보다 낮았고 도열병 포장저항 성 검정에서도 목도열병이 발견되는 등 도열병에 다소 취약한 특성을 나타냈다(Table 4). 하지만 ‘만백’은 바이러스병인 줄무 늬잎마름병에는 저항성 반응을 나타내, 줄무늬잎마름병에 이병 성인 기존의 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 품종 ‘진백’(Kim et al. 2009) 의 내병성을 보완하였다. 기타 바이러스병 및 해충에 대한 저항성 은 없었다(Table 5).
Table 4
Resistance reaction to blast disease.
Table 4
Cultivar Reaction to leaf blast at blast nursery (0-9) Reaction to neck blast at field test
No. of tested sites (14) Rate of infected panicles (%)
Rz M S Mean Iksan Milyang Icheon Jinju
Manbaek 2 4 8 5.6 19.3 0.9 0.0 0.2
Nampyeong 4 9 1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

zR: Resistant, M: moderately resistant, S: Susceptible

Table 5
Reaction to virus disease and insect pests.
Table 5
Cultivar Virus diseases (%) Resistance to insects
Stripe Dwarf Black streaked dwarf BPHz SBPH
Manbaek Ry (4.4) S (73.3) S (86.8) S S
Nampyeong R (2.2) R (26.7) S (79.5) S S

zBPH: brown planthopper, SBPH: small brown planthopper

yR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

품질 및 도정특성
‘만백’의 입형은 현미장폭비가 1.78인 단원형으로 쌀이 맑고 외관 품위가 좋았다(Table 6, Fig. 3B) 아밀로스 함량은 20.4%로 ‘남평’(18.8%)보다 높고 단백질함량은 5.9%로 ‘남평’(6.8%)보 다 낮으며 식미관능검정에서 0.22(남평 -0.05)로 밥맛이 양호하 였다(Table 6). 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa3의 도입은 쌀의 외관 및 밥맛에 영향을 미치지 않는다(Shin et al. 2006) 하였고, 최고품질 품종 16개(2016년 현재) 중 ‘삼광’(2003년 개발), ‘운 광’(2004년), ‘호품’(2006년), ‘진수미’(2008년), ‘영호진 미’(2009년), ‘수광’ 및 ‘대보’(2011년), ‘현품’(2012년), ‘해 품’(2013년), ‘해담쌀’(2014년), ‘청품’(2015년), ‘진광’(2016 년) 등 11품종이 Xa3를 가지고 있는 것으로 추정돼 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa3의 도입은 품질에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 육종사업에서 K3a 균계에 저항성 강화를 위해 2005년에 ‘강백’에 처음 도입되어 광범위하게 이용되고 있는 저항성 유전자 xa5도 도입된 품종들 의 육성 당시 외관품위 및 식미치가 ‘강백’(심복백 0/0, 식미치 -0.03; 남평 0/0, 0.03), ‘진백’(0/0, 0.10; 남평 0/0, -0.06), ‘신 백’(0/0, -0.16; 남평 0/0, 0.09), ‘해품’(0/0, 0.32; 남평 0/0, 0.02), ‘새신’(0/0, 0.04; 남평 0/0, -0.10), ‘안백’(0/0, 0.02; 남평 0/0, -0.05), ‘만백’(0/0, 0.22; 남평0/0, -0.05) (품종정보; http//www.nongsaro.go.kr)으로 ‘강백’과 ‘신백’을 제외하고는 ‘남평’보다 높았다(Kim et al. 2008, Kim et al. 2009, Lee et al. 2013). 특히 ‘해품’은 그 품질의 우수성이 인정되어 최고품 질 품종에 선정되는 등 저항성 유전자 xa5의 도입이 쌀의 외관품 위와 밥맛에 부정적인 영향은 미치지 않는 것으로 생각된다. ‘만백’은 지금까지 개발된 K3a 균계 저항성 품종들의 육성 당시 식미치의 상대적 비교에서 ‘해품’에 이어 두 번째로 밥맛이 좋은 것으로 나타나 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 품종의 품질 향상에 기여한 것으로 생각된다. ‘만백’의 도정특성은 제현율이 82.9%로 ‘남 평’(81.3%)보다 높았고 현백률이 91.5%, 도정률이 75.9%로 ‘남평’(90.5, 73.5%)보다 높았으나 백미완전미율이 95.4%로 ‘남평’(98.7%)보다 낮아 완전미 도정수율은 72.4%로 ‘남 평’(72.5%)과 비슷하였다(Table 7).
Table 6
Characteristics related to grain shape and grain quality.
Table 6
Cultivar Brown rice Translucency (1-9) White core/belly (0-9) Alkali digestive value (1-7) Protein content (%) Amylose content (%) Palatability of cooked rice (-3-+3)
Length (mm) Width (mm) L/W ratio
Manbaek 5.02*z 2.82ns 1.78ns 1 0/0 6.6 5.9ns 20.4* 0.22
Nampyeong 4.95 2.82 1.75 1 0/0 6.4 6.8 18.8 -0.05

zns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by t-test, respectively

Table 7
Characteristics related to milling quality.
Table 7
Cultivar Milling recovery ratio (%) Head rice milling recovery ratio (%)
Brown/rough Milled/brown Milled/rough Head rice
Manbaek 82.9 91.5 75.9 95.4 72.4
Nampyeong 81.3 90.5 73.5 98.7 72.5
Table 8
Yield summary of local adaptability test.
Table 8
Culture season Region No. of tested sites Milled rice (MT/ha) Index
Manbaek (A) Nampyeong (B) A/B
Ordinary planting West-southern coast 3 5.13 5.18 99
Honam plain 5 5.28 5.37 98
Yeongnam plain 4 5.65 6.02 94
Mean 12 5.37nsz 5.54 97
Double cropping Honam plain 1 5.69 5.63 101
Yeongnam plain 1 5.77 5.82 99
Mean 2 5.73ns 5.72 100

zns means no significant by t-test

수량성
‘만백’의 백미 수량은 2012-2014년 3년간 실시한 지역적응성 검정시험 보통기 보비 재배시험에서 평균 쌀수량이 5.37 MT/ha 로 ‘남평’보다 3% 적었으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다 (Table 8). 지대별로는 남부서해안지에서 ‘남평’ 대비 99%, 호남 평야지에서 98%, 영남평야지에서 94%로 상대적으로 영남평야 지에서 수량성이 낮았다. 2013-2014년 2년간 실시한 이모작 적응 재배시험에서는 쌀수량이 5.73 MT/h으로 ‘남평’ 대비 100%로 비슷한 수량성을 나타냈다(Table 8).
적응지역 및 재배상 유의점
‘만백’의 적응지역은 우리나라 충청남도, 전라북도 및 전라남 도의 평야지역이다. 파종 전 주의사항으로 키다리병 방제를 위하 여 철저한 종자소독을 하여야 한다. 재배기간 중 질소질 비료를 과용할 경우 미질 및 등숙 저하, 숙색 불량과 병해충 발생이 우려되므로 적정 균형시비를 하여야 한다. 병해충 관리에 있어서 ‘만백’은 벼흰잎마름병에 광범위한 저항성을 나타내며 줄무늬잎 마름병에는 강한 품종이나 도열병에 약하고 멸구류에 저항성이 없기 때문에 적기에 기본방제를 실시하여야 한다. 등숙후기 물을 일찍 떼면 이삭의 지경이 빨리 말라 쌀 품위가 떨어지므로 적정시 기에 완전물떼기를 하여야 한다. 출수가 늦은 중만생이며 냉해에 약하므로 늦은 이앙 재배, 온도가 낮은 산간지 재배 및 냉수용출 답 재배는 지양하여야 한다.
‘만백’은 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 벼흰잎마름병에 대 한 저항성이 증진된 고품질 중만생 벼 품종을 개발하고자 육성되 었다. 최고품질 중만생 벼 ‘호품’을 반복친으로하고 벼흰잎마름 병 저항성 유전자가 집적된 육성계통 ‘SR30075’를 수여친으로 하여 작성된 여교배 BC1F1 식물체를 약배양하여 계통육성과정, 생산력 검정시험 및 지역적응성 검정시험을 거쳐 육성되었다. ‘만백’은 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 유전자 Xa3와 xa5 두 개가 집적되 어 있어 병원성이 강한 벼흰잎마름병 K3a 균계에 저항성이면서 국내 수집 16개 균주에도 모두 강한 광범위 저항성을 나타냈다. ‘만백’의 출수기는 평균 8월 19일로 ‘남평’보다 5일 늦은 중만생 종이다. ‘만백’은 엽색이 진한 녹색을 띄며 간장이 ‘남평’보다 작은 단간 내도복 품종이다. 또한 수발아 내성을 가지고 있어 수발아에 대한 안정성 확보를 위한 육종소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 벼흰잎마름병 및 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성 이나 도열병, 기타 바이러스병 및 해충에 대한 저항성은 없다. 쌀의 수량성은 ‘남평’과 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 쌀의 외관품위 가 좋고 밥맛이 양호하여 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 품종의 품질 향상에 기여하였다. ‘만백’은 벼흰잎마름병에 대한 저항성이 증진된 고품질 벼 품종으로 벼흰잎마름병 발병상습지 재배에 접합하며 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 향상을 위한 육종사업에 활용되 고 있다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 작물시험연구사업(세부과제명: 벼흰잎 마름병 저항성 육종소재 개발, 세부과제번호: PJ01248401)의 지원으로 수행된 결과의 일부입니다. 품종을 육성함에 있어 협력 하여 주신 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원, 연구정책국, 농촌지원국 및 각도 농업기술원 관계관께 깊은 감사를 드립니다.
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Bacterial Blight Resistant Mid-late Maturing Rice ‘Manbaek’ with High Grain Quality
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(3):235-244.   Published online September 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.3.235
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Bacterial Blight Resistant Mid-late Maturing Rice ‘Manbaek’ with High Grain Quality
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2017;49(3):235-244.   Published online September 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2017.49.3.235
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Bacterial Blight Resistant Mid-late Maturing Rice ‘Manbaek’ with High Grain Quality
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogical diagram of ‘Manbaek’
Fig. 2 Pedigree diagram of ‘Manbaek’.
Fig. 3 Plant type at maturing stage (A) and grain shape of rough, brown, and milled rice (B).
Fig. 4 Resistance reaction of Manbaek, Nampyeong, and Jinbaek against bacterial blight races K1(HB1013 isolate), K2(HB1014), K3(HB1015), and K3a(HB1009) (A) and other16 Korean Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates (B). The White bar indicates 10 cm.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Bacterial Blight Resistant Mid-late Maturing Rice ‘Manbaek’ with High Grain Quality

Major agronomic traits and yield components.

Cultivar Heading date (mm.dd) Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles per hill No. of pikelets per panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) 1,000-grain weight of brown rice (g)
Manbaek 8.19**z 71** 22* 13ns 106** 89.9ns 21.6ns
Nampyeong 8.14 78 20 14 95 87.0 21.6

zns, * and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and 0.01 by t-test, respectively

Response to physiological and abiotic stresses.

Cultivar Occurrence of wilting Leaf senescence at maturing Cold tolerancez Low tem. germinabilityy (%) Lodging Viviparous germinationx (%)
Seedling stage (1-9) Heading delay (day) Grain fer tility(%) Phenotypic acceptability (1-9) Breaking strength (g) Index
Manbaek Tolerance Late 5 12 29nsw 7 80** 1,753 94 3.4ns
Nampyeong Tolerance Late 5 10 32 7 42 1,457 109 3.0

zCold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17°C) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS

yGermination rate for 15 days at 13°C

xGermination rate for 7 days at 25°C

wns and ** mean no significant and significant at p<0.01 by t-test, respectively

Resistance reaction to bacterial blight.

Cultivar Resistance gene Race Resistance at field nursery Reaction against 16 isolates (cm)
K1 K2 K3 K3a
Manbaek Xa3+xa5 Rz R R R R 3.5±1.49ybx
Nampyeong unknown S S S S S 16.0±2.65a
Jinbaek Xa3+xa5 R R R R R 2.8±1.59b

zR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

yAverage lesion length was measured by 3 leaves mostly inoculated.

xMeans with same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

Resistance reaction to blast disease.

Cultivar Reaction to leaf blast at blast nursery (0-9) Reaction to neck blast at field test
No. of tested sites (14) Rate of infected panicles (%)
Rz M S Mean Iksan Milyang Icheon Jinju
Manbaek 2 4 8 5.6 19.3 0.9 0.0 0.2
Nampyeong 4 9 1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

zR: Resistant, M: moderately resistant, S: Susceptible

Reaction to virus disease and insect pests.

Cultivar Virus diseases (%) Resistance to insects
Stripe Dwarf Black streaked dwarf BPHz SBPH
Manbaek Ry (4.4) S (73.3) S (86.8) S S
Nampyeong R (2.2) R (26.7) S (79.5) S S

zBPH: brown planthopper, SBPH: small brown planthopper

yR: Resistant, S: Susceptible

Characteristics related to grain shape and grain quality.

Cultivar Brown rice Translucency (1-9) White core/belly (0-9) Alkali digestive value (1-7) Protein content (%) Amylose content (%) Palatability of cooked rice (-3-+3)
Length (mm) Width (mm) L/W ratio
Manbaek 5.02*z 2.82ns 1.78ns 1 0/0 6.6 5.9ns 20.4* 0.22
Nampyeong 4.95 2.82 1.75 1 0/0 6.4 6.8 18.8 -0.05

zns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by t-test, respectively

Characteristics related to milling quality.

Cultivar Milling recovery ratio (%) Head rice milling recovery ratio (%)
Brown/rough Milled/brown Milled/rough Head rice
Manbaek 82.9 91.5 75.9 95.4 72.4
Nampyeong 81.3 90.5 73.5 98.7 72.5

Yield summary of local adaptability test.

Culture season Region No. of tested sites Milled rice (MT/ha) Index
Manbaek (A) Nampyeong (B) A/B
Ordinary planting West-southern coast 3 5.13 5.18 99
Honam plain 5 5.28 5.37 98
Yeongnam plain 4 5.65 6.02 94
Mean 12 5.37nsz 5.54 97
Double cropping Honam plain 1 5.69 5.63 101
Yeongnam plain 1 5.77 5.82 99
Mean 2 5.73ns 5.72 100

zns means no significant by t-test

Table 1 Major agronomic traits and yield components.

ns, * and ** mean no significant, significant at p<0.05, and 0.01 by t-test, respectively

Table 2 Response to physiological and abiotic stresses.

Cold tolerance was evaluated at cold water (17°C) irrigation nursery in Chuncheon substation, NICS

Germination rate for 15 days at 13°C

Germination rate for 7 days at 25°C

ns and ** mean no significant and significant at p<0.01 by t-test, respectively

Table 3 Resistance reaction to bacterial blight.

R: Resistant, S: Susceptible

Average lesion length was measured by 3 leaves mostly inoculated.

Means with same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 (ANOVA followed by DMRT)

Table 4 Resistance reaction to blast disease.

R: Resistant, M: moderately resistant, S: Susceptible

Table 5 Reaction to virus disease and insect pests.

BPH: brown planthopper, SBPH: small brown planthopper

R: Resistant, S: Susceptible

Table 6 Characteristics related to grain shape and grain quality.

ns and * mean no significant and significant at p<0.05 by t-test, respectively

Table 7 Characteristics related to milling quality.
Table 8 Yield summary of local adaptability test.

ns means no significant by t-test

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