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국내 육성 벼 243 품종의 형태적 특성에 따른 품종 분류

Classification of Korean Rice Varieties Based on Agro-morphological Traits

The Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2016;48(3):254-270.
Published online: August 31, 2016

1 충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 식물자원학과,

1 Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea

2 국립종자원

2 Current Address, Korea Seed & Variety Service, Kimchon 39660, Korea

*Corresponding author (ygcho@cbnu.ac.kr, +82-43-261-2514, +82-43-273-2242)
• Received: July 8, 2016   • Accepted: August 8, 2016

© The Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Classification of Korean Rice Varieties Based on Agro-morphological Traits
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2016;48(3):254-270.   Published online September 30, 2016
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Classification of Korean Rice Varieties Based on Agro-morphological Traits
Image Image Image
Fig. 1. A, Phenotype of early, medium and late flowering rice varieties at 70 days after transplanting. (A) Boseok, (B) Sinunbong1, (C) Daechan (D) Cheongbaekchal,, (E) Suryeojinmi. B, Morphological traits, plant type, panicle shape and grain size in three representative varieties for early-, medium-, and late-ecotype, respectively, among 243 Korean rice varieties (See Supplementary Fig. 1 for more varieties).
Fig. 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the seven morphological traits of the 243 Korean rice varieties. PC 1 and PC 2 refer to the first and second principal components, respectively.
Fig. 3. Cluster dendrogram generated by flowering time and phenotypic characters for the 243 rice accessions. *Red: early flowering variety, Yellow: medium flowering variety, Blue: late flowering variety.
Classification of Korean Rice Varieties Based on Agro-morphological Traits

List of 243 rice varieties bred in Korea from 1982 to 2013.

Agronomic traits investigated in the morphological analysis of rice varieties.

Characteristics Subsection Stage

Qualitative trait
1st leaf Color Nursery stage
Leaf Intensity of green color Maximum tiller number stage
Distribution of anthocyanin
Ligule Color, Shape Maximum tiller number stage
Flag leaf Attitude Heading stage, Yellow ripe stage
Culm Thickness, Attitude Dough ripe stage, Maturity stage

Quantitative trait
Leaf blade Length, Width (cm) Maximum tiller number stage
Culm Length (cm) Dough ripe stage, Maturity stage
Time of heading Time of heading (Day) 50% heading of rice
Panicles per plant (No.)
Panicle Length (cm) Dough ripe stage, Maturity stage

Variation of leaf lengths and widths in three groups of rice varieties in terms of flowering time

Characteristic Min Max Mean SD F p-value

Leaf length ( cm) 53.67*** <0.001
EarlyZ 23.44 47.88 30.96 ±4.55
Medium 21.76 59.10 39.74 ±7.18
Late 40.6 56.44 46.98 ±6.08
Leaf width(cm) 9.12*** <0.001
Early 0.86 1.74 1.27 ±0.17
Medium 1.02 2.54 1.38 ±0.20
Late 1.08 1.8 1.46 ±0.26

ZEarly = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties.

*P <0.05,

**P < 0.01

***P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

The investigation of existence of rice varieties showing anthocyanin pigmentation in 1st leaf, leaf blade, and ligule.

Distribution of anthocyanin No. of variety
1st leaf Leaf bade Ligule

Absent 235 239 237
Present 8 4 6

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 1, 2, and 3.

Number of rice varieties with different green color intensity of leaf blades and with ligule

Green color density No. of variety Shape (Ligule) No. of variety

Pale green 2 Partedness 235
Medium green 182 Sharp 8
Dark green 59

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 4 and 5.

Variation of culm lengths and panicles per plants in three rice varieties groups in terms of flowering time.

Characteristic Min Max Mean SD F p-value

Culm length(cm) 1.62ns 0.20
EarlyZ 62.42 105.42 76.86 ±6.62
Medium 60.72 104.60 78.20 ±8.07
Late 61.16 84.60 74.32 ±7.93

Panicles per plant(no.) 3.84* 0.02
Early 6.8 16.0 10.9 ±1.97
Medium 5.6 18.8 11.0 ±2.28
Late 7.4 10.4 8.9 ±1.15

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties.

P <0.05

P < 0.01

P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Number of flag leaf angle at heading stage and yellow ripe stage in 243 rice varieties.

Flag leaf attitude No. of variety
Heading stage Yellow ripe stage

Erect 222 190
Semierect 21 45
Medium 0 8

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 6 and 7.

Number of culm thickness and attitude in 243 rice varieties.

Thickness No. of variety Attitude No. of variety

Thin 24 Erect 205
Medium 164 Semierect 29
Thick 55 Medium 8

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 8 and 9.

Variation of plant height and panicle length in three rice variety groups in terms of flowering time.

Characteristic Min Max Mean SD F p-value

Plant height(cm) 19.55*** <0.001
Early 87.0 135.8 99.8 ±7.95
Medium 91.2 138.1 107.7 ±8.96
Late 85.6 128.1 103.4 ±13.38

Panicle length(cm) 15.18*** <0.001
Early 17.42 25.80 21.51 ±1.68
Medium 15.74 29.64 20.02 ±2.19
Late 16.66 21.70 18.92 ±1.82

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties.

P <0.05

P < 0.01

P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Eigenvalues and cumulative proportion of the first 7 principal components in 243 rice varieties.

Principal component Eigen value Difference Proportion Cumulative

1 2.22194685 0.48697278 0.3174 0.3174
2 1.73497407 0.499865537 0.2479 0.5653
3 1.2351087 0.45826783 0.1764 0.7417
4 0.77684087 0.2008556 0.111 0.8527
5 0.57598527 0.23700687 0.0823 0.935
6 0.3389784 0.22281256 0.0484 0.9834
7 0.11616584 0.0166 1

Varietal composition of each group classified by the cluster analysis using the first four principal component scores.

Group No. Maturity Variety name
I 82 EarlyZ (60) Geumyeong, Durujinmi, Boseok, Dunnae, Sandeuljinmi, Inwol, Wolbaek, Sambaek, Heukseonchal, Naepungbyeo, Joryeongbyeo, Geurubyeo, Sangsanbyeo, Manna, Sangjuchalbyeo, Sinunbong1, Munjang, Daejin, Seolbaek, Joun, Manho, Josaengheukchal, Saesangju, Jungmo1001, Manan, Jungmo1012, Samcheonbyeo, Handeul, Unjangbyeo, Junghwabyeo, Wonpyeong, Jinbong, Geumseong, Unmi, Joan, Hwadongbyeo, Jopyeong, Jungmo1008, Sangmi, Joami, Jeokjinju, Jungmo1010, Wonpum, Taeseong, Honong, Jungmo1011, Manchu, Goun, Taebong, Ansanbyeo, Wonhae, Jungmo1007, Hyangmibyeo2, Pyeongwon, Cheongbaekchal, Odae1, Undu, Hoban, Heukgawichal, Honggwang
Medium(22) Namcheonbyeo, Hyangmibyeo1, Segyejinmi, Anda, Keunseom, Hanareum2, Geumobyeo1, Dasan2ho, Cheongdam, Gangbaek, Daeanbyeo, Jungsan, Cheonga, Seonong12, Pungmi, Seolhyangchal, Manwol, Dasan, Juanbyeo, Areum, Orae, Dasan1
II 116 Medium(114) Seomyeong, Donghaejinmi, Gopum, Yangjobyeo, Sanggol, Chinnong, Daeyabyeo, Mipum, Geumnambyeo, Deurimi2, Samgwang, Dongjin2, Cheongpungheukchal, Saenuri, Goami2, Goami4, Juan1, Jinbaek, Anmi, Jungmo1006, Jinsumi, Cheongnam, Seojin, Hoan, Daesanbyeo, Dongan, Mihyang, Yeonghaebyeo, Wongwang, Sangok, Heukgwang, Dongwon, Hwamyeongbyeo, Sura, Dongbo, Manpung, Hwabong, Jungan, Wongcheong, Gangchan, Seonong15, Jinsang, Cheongho, Haepyeong, Hojin, Boramchan, Jongnam, Haiami, Suan, Jinbo, Saekyehwa, Jungmo1013, Hanmaeum, Suryeojinmi, Samdeok, Sinbaek, Hwarang, Sinmyeongheukchal, Onnuri, Wonhwang, Deuraechan, Nampyeongbyeo, Junam, Onojjinoijji, Seopyeong, Hwanggeumnodeul, Sampyeong, Jungmo1005, Seolgaeng, Yeongan, Haeoreumi, Sindongjin, Dongjinchal, Baekjinju, Seogan, Nongho, Malgeumi, Cheonghaejinmi, Pyeongan, Dami, Seonong10, Aranghyangchalbyeo, Sujin, Hwasambyeo, Anmi, Hongjinju, Cheongcheongjinmi, Haepyeongchal, Hwaan, Daeripbyeo1, Jinpum, Jungmo1009, Hyangnambyeo, Pungmi1, Hwanambyeo, Daepyeong, Goami3, Manjong, Manmi, Gwangan, Boseokheukchal, Jungmo1004, Migawng, Wonchu, Seoan1, Gancheokbyeo, Heuknam, Seonong9, Seoeun, Seonong6, Boseokchal, Nokwonchal, Seonong8, Saechucheong BIL-3
Late(2) Jungmo1015, Syupeojami
III 31 Medium(24) Namgangbyeo, Keunnunjami, Wonmi, Milkikwin, Hwaseonchalbyeo, Nokyang, Hwasinbyeo, Noreunjachal, Hwasin1, Jungmo1013, Goami, Sobi, Seokjeong, Hwajungbyeo, Geumobyeo2, Hopyeong, Daeripjami, Baekokchal, Dongjin1, Geonganghongmi, Garak, Geuman, Seonong14, Geumtap
Late(7) Seonong16, Sintoheukmi, Heukhyang, Yeonghojinmi, Baekjinju1, Dacheong, Mogwoo
IV 14 Early(6) Hwanggeumbora, Namil, Jeokjinjuchal, Heukjinjubyeo, Hwanggeumchal, Daechan
Medium(8) Hangangchal1ho, Keunnunjami, Nongan, Yunnongchamssal, Mokyang, Nunbora, Jagwangchal, Seongjochal

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties

Table 1. List of 243 rice varieties bred in Korea from 1982 to 2013.
Table 2. Agronomic traits investigated in the morphological analysis of rice varieties.
Table 3. Variation of leaf lengths and widths in three groups of rice varieties in terms of flowering time

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties.

P <0.05,

P < 0.01

P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Table 4. The investigation of existence of rice varieties showing anthocyanin pigmentation in 1st leaf, leaf blade, and ligule.

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 1, 2, and 3.

Table 5. Number of rice varieties with different green color intensity of leaf blades and with ligule

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 4 and 5.

Table 6. Variation of culm lengths and panicles per plants in three rice varieties groups in terms of flowering time.

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties.

P <0.05

P < 0.01

P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Table 7. Number of flag leaf angle at heading stage and yellow ripe stage in 243 rice varieties.

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 6 and 7.

Table 8. Number of culm thickness and attitude in 243 rice varieties.

Variety name were provided in Supplementary Table 8 and 9.

Table 9. Variation of plant height and panicle length in three rice variety groups in terms of flowering time.

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties.

P <0.05

P < 0.01

P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Table 10. Eigenvalues and cumulative proportion of the first 7 principal components in 243 rice varieties.
Table 11. Varietal composition of each group classified by the cluster analysis using the first four principal component scores.

Early = Early flowering rice varieties; Medium = Medium flowering rice varieties; Late = Late flowering rice varieties