The goji berry (Lycium chinense Mill.) line CBP17749-20 was selected from F1 hybrids of ‘CBP02261-1’ and ‘CBP11542-206’ in 2017 to establish a cultivar suitable for shoot and leaf production. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to investigate yield characteristics, and the selected line was named ‘Gugisoon 2.’ After regional adaptability tests from 2021 to 2022, it was officially registered as the cultivar ‘Cheongsoon.’ The cultivar Unk ‘Cheongsoon’ is characterized by vigorous growth, strong sprouting ability, and an upright growth habit. Its leaves are broadly oval with a higher chlorophyll content than those of the control cultivar ‘Gugisoon 1’ and both leaves and stems are thicker and heavier. It also exhibits excellent resistance to gall mites (Eriophyes spp.), which cause purplish galls on leaf surfaces. Compared to ‘Gugisoon 1,’ ‘Cheongsoon’ has a higher rutin content and a lower quercetin content, and its shoot production index is 224% greater. This cultivar is highly suitable for shoot and leaf production and can be grown in open fields; however, greenhouse cultivation produces tender shoots (Registration No. 10170).

To breed a Gogi Berry cultivar with high quality and high yield, CBP14639-56, as a Gogi Berry line, was selected from the hybrids(F1) of ‘CBP11542-206 (IT345448)’ and ‘CBP07445-64 (IT258918)’in 2015. The preliminary and the advanced yield were conducted to investigate yield characteristics during 2016 to 2017 and the selected line was named Cheongyang No. 34. The regional yield trials of Cheongyang No. 34 were performed at Cheongyang, Yesan and Geumsan areas during 2018 to 2020. As a result, Cheongyang No. 34 was registered as the new variety, ‘Hwaseon’. The specific characteristics of ‘Hwaseon’ are as follows. The type of tree is half opened shape and leaves are green and round-lanceolate. The observed flowering time is June 18, later than the comparative variety ‘Chengmyeong’. The shape of fruits is red, long oval type and a large fruit species. Self-compatibility rate was 71.7%, which was very high compared to 2.8% of the comparative variety, ‘Cheongmyeong’. The resistance against gall mite (Eriophyes spp.) was stronger. The content of betaine, the indicator component, was similar to the comparative variety, and the dried-fruit yield increased by 41% compared to ‘Cheongmyeong’ in the regional yield trials. The Gogi Berry ‘Hwaseon’ is a Self-compatibility variety that does not require mixing of pollinated varieties, and it is expected to help farmers growing Gogi Berry, who are suffering from low fertilization rates due to the recent decrease pollinating insect such as honeybees due to climate change and a decrease in high-temperature activity (Registration No. 9181).

Rice is the most important staple food in Korea. Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in the rice-growing world and in Korea. Eighteen major blast resistance genes were screened in 33 leading Korean japonica varieties using 44 DNA markers. The 33 leading japonica varieties are cultivated in 659,642 ha (90.4%), and a variety of Samkwang is cultivated widely on a nation-wide scale. Four resistance genes, Pia, Pib, Pi19, and Pb1, were detected in 10-21 varieties, and the R-genes of Pii, Pish, Pita/Pita-2, Piz/Piz-t, Pi35, and Pi65(t), were present in 2-5 varieties. Five R-genes, Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21, and Pi40, were not detected in the Korean japonica rice varieties. A total of six varieties, two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, a medium flowering variety Gopum; and three early flowering varieties Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul; were resistant to blast nursery screening over 12 years. A variety of Gopum harbored alleles for Piz/Piz-t, and three early flowering varieties, Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul, had extensive loci of the multiple-gene family Piz/Piz-t, Pi9, and Pi40 on chromosome 6. Two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, harbored the Pita-2 gene, and Gopum had Pita. In the japonica rice breeding program, an effective means for enhancing stable resistance to blast would be introduced to 2-3 R genes among resistance genes Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21 and Pi40 which were not identified in Korean japonica rice varieties, and resistance genes Pita/Pita-2, Piz-t/Piz-5, to 2-3 R genes among and Pi20 that showed stable resistance in monogenic IRBL lines.

A new lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with elliptic and dark green leaves, ‘Sambokhacheong’, which is tolerant to tipburn with good yield, was developed from a cross between ‘Meokchima’ (dark red leaves) and ‘Yeoreumcheongchima’ (high yield, green leaves). The crossing and selection for advanced lines was conducted by the pedigree method in 2006-2012. The advanced lines were evaluated for yield and adaptability at several locations in Korea (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongnam-do, and Jeju-do) over three years starting from 2015. The evaluations revealed that this lettuce was early- and medium-maturing leaf lettuce, with a shelf-life of four weeks at 4 ℃, longer than that of ‘Yeoreumcheongchima’. ‘Sambokhacheong’ showed no symptoms of tipburn during hot seasons in the southern parts of South Korea compared ‘Yeoreumcheongchima’. The content of bitter sesquiterpene lactones (latucin, latucin+8-deoxylactucin+lactucopicrin) of ‘Sambokhacheong’ at 57.16 (μg/g, dry weight) was higher than that of ‘Yeoreumcheongchima’. Compared with ‘Yeoreumcheongchima’, the marketable yield of ‘Sambokhacheong’ was 2% higher (at 551 g per plant) and showed late bolting at 111 days after sowing in the summer cultivation season. Its leaves are better, crispier, and sweeter than those of ‘Yeoreumcheongchima’. Therefore, we recommend the new cultivar ‘Sambokhacheong’ for cultivation in hot seasons (Registration No. 6915).

This study was carried out to compare the survival and mutation rates and mutation spectrum by gamma-irradiation on rooted and unrooted cuttings of three spray type (‘Lovelydia’, ‘Yellowbabe’, and ‘Haetsal’) and two standard type (‘Vital’ and ‘Aqua’) cultivars in roses. Two groups, rooted and unrooted cuttings were gamma-irradiated at 70Gy for 24 hours. The irradiated rooted and unrooted cuttings were planted in a greenhouse, and survival, mutation rates and mutation spectrum were investigated 30 weeks after planting, respectively. As a result, survival and mutation rates of gamma-ray irradiated plants were 16.4%~50.8% and 0~5.1% for unrooted cuttings, and 39.4%~55.1% and 0.7%~7.4% for rooted cuttings, respectively. In conclusion, both survival and mutation rates were a little higher on rooted cuttings than on unrooted cuttings. However, when only survived plants after gamma-ray irradiation were considered, mutation rates were 0~10% and 1.8%~14.1% for unrooted cuttings and rooted cuttings, respectively, showing no significant difference. In addition, diverse variations on color and number of petals or shape of flowers were detected both in plants from rooted and unrooted cuttings, which indicated that there was no significant difference in mutation spectrum between two groups.

A new lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) variety ‘Sunny Red Butter’ that belongs to butter-head type has transverse broad elliptical leaf with red color. Crossbreeding of ‘Oriana’ and ‘Cardinale’ was made to obtain seeds of the F1 generation. Subsequent generations were selected using in pedigree methods until 2011, resulting in ‘Sunny Red Butter’. The new variety ‘Sunny Red Butter’ is brown in seeds and the upper part of the leaf is light red and glossy. The leaf stalk is white. It can be harvested from 30 days after planting. The average harvested leaf number is 51 leaves per plant. The average weight is 556.5g per plant, which is 44% higher than a control lettuce variety ‘Germania’. It showed that 30.9 tons/ha production was made in spring, summer, and autumn cultivations for 3 years in 6 areas (Daegwanryeong, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju) than the control variety ‘Germania’. The shelf-life of ‘Sunny Red Butter’ was 4 weeks for storage at 4℃. Anthocyanin amount (10.3 mg/100g) of ‘Sunny Red Butter’ was lower than that of ‘Germania’. BSL (latucin+8-deoxylactucin+lactucopicrin) amount of ‘Sunny Red Butter’, the bitter ingredients was 26.1 μg/g and higher than BSL amount of ‘Germania’. Leaf hardness of ‘Sunny Red Butter’ was 1,554 kg/cm 2 , which was thicker than ‘Germania’. ‘Sunny Red Butter’ showed better taste (more crispy and sweeter) than ‘Germania’. The new variety ‘Sunny Red Butter’ can be used as lettuce productions during spring and autumn in most area and in summer in highland of Korea.