The floral transition from vegetative to reproductive development is a very important step in the life cycle of aflowering plant. Extensive genetic analysis using model plant Arabidopsis has revealed that multiple pathways, as photoperiod,vernalization, autonomous pathway, gibberellin, and endogenous cues in a specific season are involved in the flowering time.Many genes that control flowering time have been identified. Among these, vernalization and autonomous pathway are mediatedby the regulation of the floral repressor FLC. These pathways depend on a multitude of factors involved in RNA processingand epigenetic regulation that regulate the floral repressor FLC. FLD, FVE, VIN3, VRN1, VRN2, and FRI are involved inchromatin-remodeling, FY in RNA processing, and FCA, FPA, and FLK in RNA binding. In photoperiod pathway, the floweringinduction signals from light are integrated by floral integrator FT. FT is induced by the CO and induces the expression of floralmeristem identity gene AP1, which control floral organ development. Controlling the timing of floral transition is essentiallyimportant in crop plants for high agricultural productivity and adaptation to environmental changes. Currently, a growing numberof genes related to flowering have been studied in crop plants. This article reviews the key regulators in floral regulatorypathways and application of these genes to modification of flowering time in crop plants.

The pungency is one of major traits determining the quality of pepper. Analysis of pungency is a cumbersome andtime consuming work. To improve the efficiency of pungency analysis, a simple and rapid method was newly developed using0.1N NaOH and 0.2% 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide solutions. This method was designated as a spraying method. Totalcapsaicinoids could be detected on both a fruit without a part of pericarp and a copying paper blotted with fruit section byspraying with above solutions in 5 minutes. Detection limit of the method was 40 ppm of capsaicinoids. On optical observation,this method could evaluate the presence of capsaicinoids, appropriate amount, and distribution of capsaicinoids in pepper fruits.The spraying method seems to be very useful for a practical breeding of high pungent pepper varieties.

This study was carried out to investigate the new cultivar production ability of flower color mutants and the optimalplant growth regulator concentration of culture condition for the plant regeneration of 6 Chrysanthemum cultivars using petalculture with flower color mutants induced by 35 Gy of gamma-ray irradiation. The best one was appeared 15.7% of ‘SP-410’,followed by 10.6% of ‘Yes Star’, and 10.3% of ‘Mujigae’ in order at the color mutation rate of petal different from uniquecultivar. The flower colors were created such as from bicolor (gold + red) to red in ‘Mujigae’, purple to red-purple in ‘Yes Line’,bicolor (gold + red) to red purple in ‘Yes Star’, white to gold in ‘SP-410’. The flower colors on the center of flower were alsocreated such as from white to light purple in ‘Yes Together’, light green to green yellow in ‘Yes Uri’. The two combinationsof MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BA) plus 0.5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and2.0 mg/L BA plus 0.5 mg/L NAA were proved the best in forming shoot from petal explants of petal culture with flower colormutants. The shoot formation frequency was different by cultivars, and the highest was 91.6% of ‘Yes Line’. The flower colormutants regenerated from petal culture by gamma-ray irradiation were maintained vegetatively and proved no difference on theflower color and the morphological characteristics of petal for 3 years.

This study was conducted to analyze the starch characteristics of three rice cultivars, Goami 2, Goami 3 and Goami4 with high amylose content and resistant starch. These rice varieties were developed by mutation breeding based on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment in a japonica variety, Ilpum. Resistant starch contents of three high amylose mutant rice varietiesand Ilpum were 11.87～13.69% and 0.36%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns of starches of three varieties, Goami 2,Goami 3 and Goami 4 displayed B-type pattern. The proportion of amylopectin short chains of 6 to 12 in DP of the high amylosemutant rice varieties was significantly lower than that of Ilpum. Resistant starch contents had positive correlation with theamylose content, total dietary fiber content, medium length chains of 13 to 24, long chains of ≥ 25 in DP of amylopectin,pasting temperature and setback viscosity

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an important vegetable crop of several countries in the tropics. Althoughbitter gourd fruits contain bioactive components with many important medicinal properties, it is usually grown as an ornamentalin Korea. Bitter gourd has recently received growing attention due to its anti-diabetic compound in immature fruits. But therehave been few researches on its cultural practices and functional components. This study was conducted to analyze charantin,anti-diabetic compound, contents among germplasm to select accessions with high charantin content in bitter gourd. The charantincontent of bitter gourd fruits were investigated in 15 days after fruit setting among 31 accessions of bitter gourd by HPLC. Thecontents of charantin and yields ranged from 15.1 to 161.4 μg·g-1dry-weight basis and 221 to 2,097 g by a plant, respectively.Five accessions, ‘K169998’, ‘K042800’, ‘K170002’, ‘Hwanock’ and ‘Nockwoo’ showed highest charantin contents as 143.7,104.6, 103.5, 161.4, 101.1μg·g-1, respectively. These results can be applied for selection methods to determine bitter gourd accessionswith highest charantin content, which have a potential to be an anti-diabetic diet. Future breeding and genetic emphases in bittergourd improvement should be placed on the development of nutritious, high-yielding cultivars with superior resistance to majordiseases and exceptional fruit quality. This study can be used for preliminary data in stable, high quality bitter gourd productionand selection. Further studies are needed to understand underlying mechanism determining charantin content variations in differentfruit maturation stages in bitter gourd.

This study was conducted to find out an efficient and non-destructive method to select strawberry plants with highanthocyanin content in breeding programs. The total anthocyanin content in both fruit skin and whole fruit of fully ripe fruitswas analyzed by HPLC in 19 strawberry cultivars, which were selected among germplasm as potential breeding materials basedon their good horticultural traits. The anthocyanin content varied greatly among cultivars, ranging from 22.04 to 87.16 mg·100g-1FW in fruit skin and from 1.98 to 30.16 mg·100g-1FW in whole fruit. For the anthocyanin content of whole fruit, it was highin the order of ‘Sachinoka’, ‘Tamar’, ‘Amaou’ and ‘Summerberry’. A correlation coefficient of anthocyanin content between fruitskin and whole fruit was significantly high as 0.867 and, therefore, the anthocyanin content of whole fruit can be estimated bythat of fruit skin. Besides, the anthocyanin content of whole fruit was strongly negatively correlated with L* (lightness, -0.791)and b* (yellowness, -0.772) values measured by portable colorimeter. Therefore, the portable colorimeter can be a rapid andnondestructive method to estimate anthocyanin content of strawberry fruits when selecting anthocyanin-enriched strawberry linesin strawberry breeding programs.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), which is the precocious germination of the grains in the spike before it is harvest, isthe serious problem in the reduction of end-use quality in wheat. In this study, the relationships among PHS tolerance, agronomicand grain characteristics in Korean wheat cultivars were evaluated for two years to improve PHS tolerance in Korean wheatbreeding programs. Grain characteristics including 1,000 grain weight and grain size (length, width and thickness), PHS toleranceconducted by the mist spray in the humid chamber (PHS-MS) and germination index (GI), and Agronomic traits includingheading date, maturing date, culm length, awn length and the number of grain/spike, were significantly influence by genotype,year and the interaction between year and genotype, except in spike length, the number of spike/m2and test weight. PHStolerance and GI were significantly correlated with 1,000-grain weight (r = 0.618, and r = 0.528, respectively) and length, widthand thickness of grain, although no significant relationship between agronomic traits and PHS tolerance was found in Koreanwheat cultivars. PHS-MS also showed positively correlated with GI value (r = 0.770, P < 0.001). White grain cultivars showedhigher PHS-MS and GI values (61.86% and 0.58, respectively) than red grain cultivars (11.89% and 0.18, respectively). Whitegrain cultivars also showed higher values in length, width and thickness of grain than red grain cultivars. Among red graincultivars, Alchan, Goso, Suan and Sukang showed lower values in both PHS-MS and GI (< 2.63% and < 0.05, respectively)and these cultivars could be used to improve PHS tolerance in Korean wheat breeding programs.

In this study, genetic diversity and population structure among 79 popcorn inbred lines were investigated using 10morphological traits and 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. From population structure analysis, the 79 maize inbred lineswere divided into five groups: I, II, III, IV, and admixed. Among them, 4 inbred lines were assigned to group I, 17 inbred lineswere assigned to group II, and 6 and 22 inbred lines were respectively assigned to groups III and IV. The rest 30 inbred lineswere contained in the admixed group. Association mapping analysis for popcorn inbred lines was performed to assess themarker-trait associations between the 50 SSR markers and the 10 morphological traits. At a significance level of 0.01, we found92 marker-trait associations using the Q GLM model. While, using the Q+K MLM model, we found 6 marker-trait associationsat a significance level of 0.01. Finally, this study\'s assessment of population structure and association mapping of 79 popcorninbred lines will be helpful useful for popcorn breeding programs such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and linedevelopment at Maize Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services.

In order to select suitable Quercus tree, Quercus rubra L. was introduced from the native habitats in 1972 to conductthe adaptability test and showed an excellent result in growth performance and wood quality with outstanding adaptability, thenthe additional 23 provenances were introduced from Canada and USA in 1991 to conduct the provenance test in small scale with75 trees per provenance. The growth performance of 23 provences were measured at age 4, 8, 10, 12 and 18 years, respectively.The result was that those Quercus rubra L. from New York State and Vermont State were excellent in height-growth, whilethose from Minnesota State and Virginia State showed poor growth performance. Similar results like in height-growth came outin diameter growth as well; especially those from Minnesota State and Virginia State showed poor growth performance not onlyin height and but also in diameter, while those from Illinois State and Vermont State showed excellent growth performance indiameter holding a high rank in height-growth. In the investigation of stem straightness according to the characteristic shape oftree trunk, the best provenance was the Beloeill provenance of Quebec Province in Canada, while the worst one was the SaukCountry provenance of Wisconsin State. Especially, the best Beloeill provenance of Quebec Province showed about 3.5 timessuperior features to our local species of Quercus acutissima, control. The Beloeill provenance is excellent in stem straightnessand growth performance comparing to other provenances, which is considered as well adaptive to our climate and environmenthere in Korea. In addition, the investigation of growth performance and stem straightness showed that the excellent candidateswere those Quercus rubra L. from New York State in USA and Quebec Province in Canada, located between 43 and 46 degreesnorthern latitude. Therefore, Quercus rubra L. is excellent in growth performance comparing to the local species of Quercusacutissima, and has a better adaptability than Quercus robur or Quercus alba, which is expected as the potential species tobecome our provenance resources and considered to be useful resources adaptable to those areas in South Korea.

A new cultivar of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with wrinkled traverse elliptic and deep red leaf, ‘Gohong’ which has late boltingand high yield was developed from a cross between ‘DL1672’ with deep red leaf color and ‘Cheongchima’ with late bolting and highyield. The cross and selection for advanced lines had been done by the pedigree method from 2005 to 2010. The advanced lines wereevaluated for yield and adaptability at several locations (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongnam-do,and Jeju-do) in Korea in 2010. The ‘Gohong’ has gray seed color and traverse elliptic leaves. The type of matured stage is early andmedium leaf lettuce. The shelf-life of ‘Gohong’ was four weeks longer than ‘Dukseomjeokchukmyeon’ at 4℃. The anthocyanin contentof ‘Gohong’ was higher than that of ‘Dukseomjeokchukmyeon’ as a 7.5 mg/100 g. The bitter sesquiterpene lactones and latucin+8-deoxylactucin+lactucopicrin (BSL) content of ‘Gohong’ was lower than that of ‘Dukseomjeokchukmyeon’ as a 5.4 ug/g in dry weight.Compared to ‘Dukseomjeokchukmyeon’, marketable yield of ‘Gohong’ was higher by 12% (at 331 g per plant) and ‘Gohong’ hasparticularly improved expression of red leaf color in high temperature cultivation in the field. Furthermore, its taste is better, more crispy,and sweeter than those of ‘Dukseomjeokchukmyeon’. So we recommend that new cultivar ‘Gohong’ can be suitable for cultivation inspring and fall season.

‘Samdamae’ is a foxtail millet variety developed and registered by Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in2010. This variety was developed through the pure line breeding method from ‘Namjaeju’ landrace. Leaf color is changed fromgreen to yellowish green at late growth stage. This variety has about 101 days growth duration from transplanting to harvestingin Milyang of Korea. It is about 130 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging in field. In reaction to biotic stresses in field,it shows resistance to blast, and stripe disease, but susceptibility to insect pests. The ‘Samdamae’ exhibits non-glutinousendosperm. The milled yield performance of this variety is about 2.42 MT/ha in local adaptability test from 2009 to 2010. The‘Samdamae’ would be adaptable to plain area of Korea.

‘Bowon’ (Arachis Hypogaea L.) was developed at the National Crop Experiment Station (NCES) in Suwon duringthe period from 1991 to 2001 through the cross between a short stem with a few vegetative branches line SP8603 (Chibahandachi/Daekwangtangkong) and a large seeded with disease resistance variety ‘Daewontangkong’. This variety is belong to a Spanishtype and complete erect type with a few branches, short stems and the habit of pod set clustered near the base of plant, whichare more adaptable for dense planting and mechanized farming, and early maturing variety. Each pod contains two kernels withfleshy testa color and average weight of 100 kernels was 98 g, which was 19 g higher than that of check variety ‘Daekwangtangkong’.This variety showed higher degree in the lodging resistance and disease resistance against early and late leaf spot, and web blotchthan those of check variety. This variety was found to be significantly higher in kernel yield per hectare by 17% over checkvariety and showing high yield stability from different year and location.

‘Suan’ is a new high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross between HR20017-B-19-3-1 and Iksan467in 2003 by the rice breeding team of Rice Breeding and Cultivation Research Division, Department of Rice & Winter CerealCrop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. in 2010. ‘Suan’ has about 132 days growth duration from direct seeding toharvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. The heading date of ‘Suan’ is August 10, faster than that of‘Nampyeongbyeo’ by 6 days at ordinary season cultivation. Culm length of ‘Suan’ is about 79 cm and tiller number per hillis similar to ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and spikelet number per panicle is fewer than ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. Ripened grain rate of thisvariety is approximately 94.6 %, higher than ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and ‘Suan’ showed higher spikelet fertility than ‘Nampyeongbyeo’by 12 % when exposed to cold stress. ‘Suan’ has medium size of brown rice and is resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight andstripe virus disease but susceptible to insect pests. The milled kernel of ‘Suan’ is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm.Protein content of ‘Suan’ is about 6.5%, amylose content and palatability of cooked rice is similar to ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. Themilled rice yield is about 5.47 MT/ha, 9% higher under wet-direct seeding, 5.56 MT/ha, 9% higher under dry-direct seeding than‘Juanbyeo’ and 5.80 MT/ha, 4% higher under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation when comparedwith ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. ‘Suan’ would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the plain areas of south ofChungnam and southwest coastal district of Korea.

‘Dahye’, a new covered cultivar derived from the crosses between ‘Suwon318’ and‘Suwon311’ developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2007. The initial crossing was made in 1996 and an elite line, ‘SB964008-B-B-B-92’ was selected from under yield trial test in 2004. It was designed as ‘Iksan409’ and showed a high yield and had good quality in the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2005 to 2007. It was released with the name of ‘Dahye’.‘Dahye’had a rate Ⅲ growth habit, green leaf and stem, compact spike and long rough awns. The heading date was April 29 in upland and April 20 in paddy field, which was 2 and 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar,‘Olbori’, respectively. It had 88 cm of culm length, 4.2 cm of spike length and 666 spikes per m2, 52 grains per spike, 35.6 g of 1,000-grain weight and 702 g of test weight. It showed stronger winter hardiness and higher resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) than those of check cultivar. It had similar protein content with check cultivar and higher whiteness and diastatic power (DP) than those of Olbori. The average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial (RYT) was 4.00 ton ha-1 in upland and 4.11 ton ha-1 in paddy field. This cultivar would be suitable for the area that the daily minimum mean temperature is above -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

‘Mogyang’, a new high biomass yield and whole crop silage rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, is developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, R.D.A., Suwon, Korea, during the period from was to 2010 and released in 2011. It was derived from a cross between SR24592-HB2319/IR73165-B-6-1-1. This cultivar has about 118 days of growth duration from seeding to heading and has long and erect leaves (culm length 93 cm). It has tough thick culm with strong lodging tolerance. This cultivar has a few less tillers per hill and markedly more spikelet numbers per panicle. ‘Mogyang’ has wide and stay green leaf compared other whole crop silage varieties. This new variety has grain shattering resistance and disease resistance for blast and dwarf virus. This variety has good qualities for whole crop silage with high TDN (Total Digestive Nutrient) yield and low NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and low ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) compared to common high grain yield varieties. The biomass and TDN yield performance of ‘Mogyang’ was 59.5% (chemical properties), 17.7 MT/ha (biomass yield), individually in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Mogyang’ is adaptable to central plain area, southern plain area of Korea.

‘Seomyeong’ is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2009. This variety was derived from the cross between ‘Gyehwa21’ having a good grain quality and ‘Milyang165’ having a high yield and lodging resistance. This variety had about 121 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Yeongnam plain of Korea. It has about 70 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows resistance to brown spot and rice stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast. But it is susceptible to bacterial blight and insect pests. The milled rice of ‘Seomyeong’ shows translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows 19.3% amylase and 7.2% protein content. The milled rice yield of ‘Seomyeong’ is about 5.6 MT/ha under the ordinary transplanting cultivation in Korean climate conditions. ‘Seomyeong’ would be adaptable to south-western costal area in Korea.

A new single cross hybrid, ‘Guseulok’, is a bicolor sweet corn (Zea mays L.) developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2009. This hybrid, which has a good eating quality and high sugar content, was produced by crossing two inbred lines, KSE19 and KSE7. KSE19 was the seed parent and KSE7 was the pollen parent of ‘Guseulok’. Ear length and diameter of ‘Guseulok’ were 18.0 cm and 4.6 cm, respectively. The ratio of kernel set length/ear length was 90%, similar with that of a check hybrid, ‘Golden Cross Bantam70’ (GCB70). However, the free sugar content was 20.5%, higher than ‘GCB70’, 14.0%. It is resistant to Bipolaris maydis (Southern corn leaf blight) and its lodging resistance is excellent. The yields of ‘Guseulok’ in fresh ear weight were similar with those of GCB70 in regional yield trials (RYT) from 2007 to 2009. Seed production of this hybrid has gone well due to good match during crossing between the seed and pollen parents. It is adaptable to the whole country. Plant variety protection right of ‘Guseulok’ was registered in January 2013, and its grant number is 4322.

A new peanut variety ‘Yeonpung’ (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Milyang 2010. This was developed from a cross between a hybrid of ‘Namkwang’ and ‘U2-12-6’, and a short stem cultivar ‘Satonoka’. The ‘Yeonpung’, which is a Virginia plant type, has 20 branch number and 36 cm in main stem length. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and long ellipse-shaped large kernel, and its 100 seed weight was 85 g in the regional yield trials (RYT). ‘Yeonpung’ showed 49.8% of crude oil and 31.9% of protein contents. This Cultivar also showed more resistant to late leaf spot and web blotch, compared to a check cultivar. Furthermore it has resistance to lodging until harvesting owing to its short stem. In the regional yield trials, ‘Yeonpung’ outyielded by 15% with 4.81 MT/ha for grain yield compared to ‘Daekwang’ cultivar one.

Onion male sterile line ‘Wonye30003’ was developed by Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in South Korea in 2009. Cytoplasmic-genic male-sterility (CMS) system has been used to economically produce hybrid onion seed. The first cross for introduction of CMS was conducted in 2002. Male-sterile parents which were selected from ‘402AC203’ breeding lines were pollinated with male fertile line ‘M2’ (inbred line). The fertility test was conducted in 2004 and maintainer line ‘M2-10’ was used. The male-sterility rate of F1 population was 100% for subsequent four backcross generations. ‘Wonye30003’ was named ‘MMS26’ in 2008 and the corresponding male parent was called ‘MMSB26’. As an early maturing type, lodging date is arround May 6. ‘Wonye30003’ has round bulb and the average bulb weight is 300 g. Plant height and stem diameter are 72 cm and 20.6 mm, respectively. Number and the length of flower stalks per mother bulb are 4 and 115 cm, respectively. Flowering date is May 24 and flower bud size is 86 mm. This line can be used as a male sterile line for onion hybrid seed production and breeding program.

A male sterile is essential for development of hybrid onion varieties. An onion male sterile line ‘Wonye30004’ was developed by Bioenergy Crop Research Center, NICS, RDA in South Korea in 2009. It was used to producing hybrid seed of onion. It is mid-late maturing type and lodging date is on May 15th. It was selected from ‘402AC203’ inbred population and cross-pollinated with a male fertile line, ‘M4’. The populations showed 100% male sterility for subsequent four back-cross generations. ‘Wonye30004’ was numbered as ‘MMS30’ in 2009 and the corresponding male parent is called MMSB30. ‘Wonye30004’ has round bulb shape (Bulb index, 95), cold resistance, and excellent storage quality and average bulb weight is 320g. Lodging date in field test is May 15th. Flowering date is June 1th and flower bud size is 96mm when full bloom. The number and length of flower stalks per bulb are 4 and 116cm, respectively. ‘Wonye30004’ was filed in Korea Seed and Variety Service in 2010. Overall, this line will be useful for onion hybrid seed production and breeding program.

Recently ginseng farmers are demanding ginseng varieties having resistance to disasters to cope with climate change. Thus, it is essential to develop new varieties which have resistance to heat and physiological disorders to stably produce ginseng. ‘Cheonryang’ is a new ginseng variety developed from a Yeoju line of high yielding and salt resistance. This variety was selected in the farmer’s field by the ginseng breeding team of Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA. It shows red leaf senescence at maturing, red berry and convex leaflet shape in cross section. The time of emergence, flowering and berry maturity of the ‘Cheonryang’ is 2, 3, 5 days faster than those of ‘Chunpoong’. Stem length of ‘Cheonryang’ is 2.3 cm shorter than that of ‘Chunpoong’, as 41.3 cm but stem diameter is l.0 cm thicker than that of ‘Chunpoong’, as 6.4 cm. It shows similar total weight to total root and main root length compared to ‘Chunpoong’ and main root diameter is thicker 5.3 mm than that of ‘Chunpoong’. Number of seeds of ‘Cheonryang’ is fewer than that of ‘Chunpoong’ but 1,000-grain weight and stratification rate are higher than those of ‘Chunpoong’. The yield performance of this variety was 536 kg/10a in local adaptability test for two years, is 12% higher than that of ‘Chunpoong’. It is resistant to damping-off, anthracnose, phytophthora blight, root rot, mulberry mealybug and nematode, mediate resistant for alternaria blight. Yellow spot of aerial part and red skin rarely observed of root, ‘Cheonryang’ shows moderate resistance at high temperatures.

‘Jeonmi’ is a sweet potato variety developed by Bioenergy Crop Research Center in the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) at RDA for starch in 2009. This variety was selected from the cross between ‘Jinhongmi’ and 99IT55-2 in 2000. Line selections were practiced from 2001 to 2003. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2004 to 2005. The regional yield trials were conducted at six locations from 2006, 2008 to 2009. ‘Jeonmi’ has cordate leaf, green vine and petiole, elliptic storage root, red skin and light yellow flesh color of storage root. This variety is resistant to Fusarium wilt and nematode. The starch value is 25.6%. Starch yield is 6.8 ton/ha, which is 26% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’ variety. The total sugar content is 3.59 g/100 g D.W.. Initial temperature of starch gelatinization in ‘Jeonmi’ is lower than 79.9℃, and the retrogradation process is more late than ‘Yulmi’. The average yield of storage root was 26.2 ton/ha in the regional yield trials, which was 39% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’ variety. The number of storage roots over 50 g per plant was 3.0 and the average weight of one storage root was 178 g.

‘Sodami’ is a new high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross between ‘Iksan469’ and ‘Unbong31’ by the rice breeding team of Rice Breeding and Cultivation Research Division, Department of Rice & Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA. This variety is suitable for low level nitrogen fertilizer (LNF, 6kg/10 a) cultivation at ordinary season. The heading date of ‘Sodami’ was August 16th, the same that of ‘Nampyeong’ at ordinary season cultivation. Culm length of ‘Sodami’ was about 81 cm and this variety had 12 tillers per hill and 134 spikelets per panicle. Ripened grain rate of this variety was approximately 86.8%. The spikelet fertility of ‘Sodami’ was similar to that of ‘Sobi’ and higher than that of ‘Nampyeong’ by 26% when exposed to cold stress. ‘Sodami’ is resistant to bacterial blight and rice stripe virus but susceptible to blast disease and planthoppers. The milled rice of ‘Sodami’ exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows lower protein content than that of ‘Nampyeong’ and ‘Sobi’. The milled rice yield of this variety was slightly higher than that of ‘Sobi’ by 3% as about 5.2 MT/ha in LNF cultivation at ordinary season but it was not significantly different and much higher by 9% as about 6.0 MT/ha than that of ‘Nampyeong’ in ordinary season cultivation in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Sodami’ could be adaptable to plain areas of south of Chungcheongnamdo and southwest coastal district of Korea.

A new soybean cultivar ‘Cheonga’ was released by Gangwondo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Republic of Korea in 2009. The Goal of breeding was for high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to diseases such as Soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule. The ‘Cheonga’ was selected from progenies obtained from a cross between ‘Shinpaldal 2’, showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance and high yield, and ‘SS91809’, showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance and early maturity. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum and large spherical seed (25.2 g per 100 seeds). The ‘Cheonga’ has 11 days early in flowering date and 5 days early in maturity than the check cultivar ‘Taekwang’. The ‘Cheonga’ has 6days longer in maturity period than the check cultivar. The ‘Cheonga’ is partial tolerant to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. Especially, ‘Cheonga’ shows lodging tolerance. The average yield of ‘Cheonga’ was 2.72 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in two years from 2006 to 2007, which was 14 percent higher than that of check cultivar, ‘Taekwang’.

The ‘Jungsaenggold’ is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Yeongdeog34 which has translucent milled rice and good milling properties and F1 of Yumetsukushi and Saesangju that the varieties have a good canopy architecture, cold tolerance and early maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2011. The heading date of this variety is August 8 and four days earlier than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungsaenggold’ has 78 cm of culm length and 113 spikelets per panicle. This variety showed similar cold tolerance to ‘Hwaseong’ while exposed to cold stress. This variety showed resistance to blast disease and stripe virus, but susceptible to bacterial leaf blight and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. ‘Jungsaenggold’ has better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong’ because of lower protein content (6.2%) and amylose content (17.2%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of Hwaseong and milled rice recovery rate of ‘Jungsaenggold’ is similar to those of Hwaseong. ‘Jungsaenggold’ has 5.05 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation and 5.51 MT/ha in early cultivation. ‘Jungsaenggold’ could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea.

The ‘Cheongbaekchal’, a glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2010. It was derived from a cross between SR20261-5-4-10 and ‘Jinbuchal’ which is an extremely early maturing variety with northern alpine area adaptability. The heading date of ‘Cheongbaekchal’ is July 27 that is 4 days earlier than that of ‘Odae’. This cultivar has 68 cm of culm length, 14 tillers per hill and 80 spikelets per panicle that is more than that of ‘Odae’. This variety showed similar cold tolerance to ‘Odae’ while exposed to cold stress. This variety showed resistance to blast disease but susceptible to bacterial blight, stripe virus and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits opaque and glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. This variety has lower Alkali digestive value (5.5) than that of ‘Odae’. The dehulling recovery rate of ‘Cheongbaekchal’ is lower than those of ‘Odae’. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Cheongbaekchal’ was 5.35 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Cheongbaekchal’ is adaptable to northern plain and mid-mountainous, southern alpine and north-eastern coastal area of Korea.

A new cultivar ‘Jeseo’ was bred in the potato breeding program of Jeju Special Self-governing Province Agricultural Research & Extension Services. It was originated from two backcrosses made in 1999 and 2001 between ‘somatic hybrid’ as a female and ‘Dejima’ as a male parents. The ‘Jeseo’ was evaluated as a seedling for tuber characteristics, disease resistance, growth and yielding ability from 2001 to 2005. This clone was evaluated in the regional yield trials at 4 locations for 2 years. The tuber characteristics of this cultivar have a round, shallow eye depth, yellow-skinned, and short dormant period. And also, it showed high resistant to potato common scab (Streptomyces scabies, S. turgidiscabie and S. acidiscabie), soft rot, and Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). However, it was susceptible to Potato virus Y (PVY) and late blight (Phytophthora infastans). The mean tuber yield of ‘Jeseo’ according to the spring and fall cropping during the 2012 was 38.8 ton per hectare, which was lower than that of ‘Dejima’