Multipurpose utilization, including as rope, pulp, and filtration media, is what makes kenaf (
Consumer demand for Triticale cultivars as a winter forage crop in Korea has been increasing because of its ability for high and stable yield. However, more than 10 years are required to develop new varieties with conventional breeding programs. A speed breeding system using long-day photoperiodic treatment has recently been suggested and applied in wheat and barley, but not in the triticale breeding program in Korea. To evaluate the availability of the established speed breeding system for triticale breeding programs in Korea, we used nine domestic triticale cultivars to investigate their growth characteristics under a 22 h photoperiod. The average days to heading (DTH) of the nine cultivars was 38 days, and Gwangyoung and Minpung showed the most delayed DTH at 42 days. Therefore, all nine triticale cultivars were able to shorten the growth duration under the tested photoperiod condition. One productive tiller and more than 10 seeds were obtained from each cultivar. The germination percentage was over 82% when the spikes were harvested 20 days after heading, dried, and chilled for a week to break dormancy. These results suggest that in Korea, the rapid generation advancement system with simple long-day photoperiodic treatment can be applied to triticale breeding programs to reduce the breeding time.
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Rice is the most important staple food in Korea. Rice blast, caused by
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Soybean (
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To better understand the morphological variation in the 189 accessions of cultivated var.
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Wheat transformation was first initiated in 1992, and several studies were conducted to increase its efficiency; however, a very low probability of less than 0.3% was achieved. In 2011, the EU Commission announced a new plant breeding technology that modifies the DNA of seeds and plant cells to develop new varieties with desired characteristics. With the commercialization of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a site-directed nuclease technology, the possibility of its application in agriculture has increased with the rapid development of the technology. Recently, genome editing studies have been conducted in wheat, and they have been used for the functional analysis of genes related to various agricultural traits. The wheat full-length genome information was released in the form of a draft sequence in 2018, belatedly in comparison to other crops owing to allohexaploidy and a large genome (17 Gb) size. The recent pre-harvest sprouting resistance wheat breeding material developed in Japan suggests that it is possible to rapidly develop breeding materials through precision breeding technology. Finally, it is necessary to systematically achieve the goal of optimizing agricultural traits of crops through precise breeding technology to increase the breeding accuracy of allohexaploid wheat and rapid genetic fixation using the reduction in generation technology.
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Barley is an economically important cereal crop grown under diverse environmental conditions and ranked fourth in terms of production volume. Barley is a diploid self-fertilizing plant with seven chromosomes, and has a 5.1 Gbp genome with more than 80% repeat sequences. Whole genome re-sequencing (WGR) has provided substantial information on sequence variation distributed on all chromosomes, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and deletions, which are used in the development of DNA markers. In this study, we performed WGR to detect sequence variations among six Korean malting varieties. An average of 92,552 insertions and deletions (InDels) were detected in these varieties in comparison to the high-quality reference genome sequences. The InDel density of the six Korean malting varieties ranged from 17 to 19 InDel/1Mbp with an average of 18 InDel/1Mbp. No InDel could be detected in 193 regions in all chromosomes except chr. unassigned. One interval with high-density InDel, more than 150 InDel/1Mbp, was located on the 1H, 3H, 6H, and 7H chromosomes. A total of 145 InDel markers were developed using 225 large-InDel markers, longer than 50 bp. Seventeen large-InDel makers showed polymorphisms among 31 malting barley varieties. These 31 malting barley varieties were divided into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis. These results presented a development method of agarose-resolvable large-InDel markers using WGR. Seventeen polymorphic large-InDel markers were used to conserve and identify barley germplasms. This vast information on sequence variation in six Korean malting barleys could be used for the development of DNA markers and marker-assisted selection.
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Wheat (
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‘Miho’ (Milyang300) was developed as a processing rice by means of pedigree selection. ‘Milyang300’ has slightly opaque seeds with low amylose content (11.2%), unlike cultivars such as Baegjinju and Milky-queen, which have seeds with low amylose but are opaque. ‘Milyang300’ was selected and named ‘Miho’ in 2016. ‘Miho’ is a late-maturing ecotype with an average heading date of August 21st. It shows mild resistance to leaf blast and strong resistance to rice stripe virus, and bacterial blight (K1-K3); however, it is susceptible to brown plant hopper infestation. The yield capacity of ‘Miho’ determined over 3 years of regional yield trials was 565 kg/10 a. In terms of processing properties, ‘Miho’ shows no significant differences in textural properties when stored for 6-48 h at 3℃ and -18℃. Moreover, the physical properties of ‘Miho’ remain unaltered during freeze-thaw processes. Thus, the low-amylose rice ‘Miho’ may be suitable for the production of refrigerated and frozen cooked rice (Registration No. 7656).
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‘Joan’, a rapeseed (
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‘Cheongmiin’ is a green seed-coated soybean cultivar developed from a cross between ‘Cheongjakong’ and ‘Daemang’ in 2002. The F1 and F2 populations were grown for 2 years, and promising lines were selected based on the pedigree method from generations F3 to F5. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and regional yield trials (RYTs) were conducted in eight regions from 2011 to 2013. ‘Cheongmiin’ is a determinate soybean with white flowers, green cotyledons, and spherical green seeds. The average flowering and maturing dates of ‘Cheongmiin’ were August 1st and October 22nd, respectively. In terms of quantitative characteristics, ‘Cheongmiin’ has a larger seed size (34.3 g/100-seed weight) than that of ‘Cheongdu1ho’ (24.5 g/100-seed weight), and has also been shown to be tolerant to lodging and pod shattering in the field in RYTs and oven drying tests, respectively. Furthermore, ‘Cheongmiin’ has been found to be resistant to bacterial pustules in the field and soybean mosaic viruses (G5H and G6H strains) in inoculation tests. The mean yield of ‘Cheongmiin’ in the RYTs was 272 kg/10 a, which was 4% higher than that of ‘Cheongdu1ho’. Given its large seed size and seed coat color, ‘Cheongmiin’ is expected to be highly useful for cooking with rice and for the preparation of rice cakes (Registration No. 7688).
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‘Jonong’ is an early maturing whole crop silage (WCS)
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