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토종자원을 활용한 중생 찰벼 품종 ‘효원3호’

권순욱1, 임다은1, 이주현2,*

Utilization of Korean Landrace Rice to Develop A Medium-Maturing Glutinous Rice Variety ‘Hyowon 3’

Soon-Wook Kwon1, Da-Eun Im1, Joohyun Lee2,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2019;51(1):61-64.
Published online: March 1, 2019

부산대학교 식물생명과학과

건국대학교 식량자원과학과

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*(E-mail: joohyun00@gmail.com, Tel: +82-2-450-0480)
• Received: February 26, 2019   • Revised: February 26, 2019   • Accepted: February 27, 2019

Copyright: © 2019 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Hyowon 3’, a medium-maturing glutinous rice variety was developed by the rice breeding team of Pusan National University in 2013. This cultivar was developed from a cross between ‘Hongna’ which is a landrace from the Korean peninsula showing good glutinous properties, and ‘Junam’, which has stable productivity. During the F3–F8 generations, breeding lines were selected using a pedigree breeding method. As a result, the promising line (JS24-6-95-11-5-2-1-1-1-B) with good glutinous properties was advanced and designated as ‘SP 107’. This variety headed on Aug. 16, which is 3 days later than ‘Dongjinchal’ in the middle plane. The average culm length and panicle length of this variety were 80.7 cm and 20.1 cm, respectively. This variety yielded approximately 14.1 tillers per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. The ratio of ripened grain was about 93.0%, and the 1,000-grain weight was 19.30 g in brown rice. The yield performance was 492 kg/10a in a local adaptability test.
  • Keywords: Rice; Hyowon3; Landrace; Glutinous rice
근래 소비자의 생활패턴이 서구화되면서 식생활은 간편화 되고 있고, 다양한 먹거리들의 등장으로 그 동안 주식으로 소비되던 쌀의 소비량이 꾸준히 감소하고 있다(Shin et al. 2015). 더욱이 FTA 협상체결의 확대로 쌀 시장개방은 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 변화에 대응하여 쌀 산업의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위해 밥쌀용 고품질 벼 품종과 가공이용성이 큰 다양한 품종의 개발이 필요하다(Oh et al. 2010). 우리나라는 역사적으로 토종 재래 찰벼들을 재배하였고 다양한 찰벼에 대한 기록이 내려오고 있다. 최근에는 전통식품, 특히 전통지식과 우리나라 토종 자원을 바탕으로 하는 전통식품에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 이를 이용하여 토종 자원을 활용한 다양한 산물을 생산하여 소비자들에게 선택의 폭을 넓혀주고 있다. 그러나 토종자원의 경우 생산성이 열악하여 실제 농산업분야에서 생산하고 이를 산업화하는 데 큰 제약이 따르고 있다. 그러므로 토종자원의 특성을 이용하기 위해 토종자원을 생산성이 좋은 품종과 교배하고 이로부터 신품종을 육성하는 노력이 있어왔으며, 토종자원 ‘돼지찰벼’를 활용하여 ‘효원2호’와 ‘효원4호’ 벼를 육성한 것과(Lee et al. 2016, Jang et al. 2017) ‘자광도’를 활용한 ‘자광찰벼’(Kim et al. 2005)와 ‘가위찰’을 활용한 ‘흑가위찰’(Kim et al. 2006)이 대표적인 사례라 할 수 있다. 역사적으로 우리의 입맛에 적합한 전통 토종자원을 보존하고 더 나아가 이를 활용하여 고품질 품종을 육성하는 일은 재래자원 보존 등 여러 가지 측면에서 반드시 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 이와 같은 필요성을 충족시키기 위해 재래종 찰벼 중 외관 품위가 양호한 찰벼 ‘홍나’를 내도복 다수성의 ‘주남벼’에 교배하여 단간 내도복 찰벼인 ‘효원3호’를 육성하였기에 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
생산력 검정 및 농업형질 평가
본 시험은 2005년부터 2011년까지 8년 동안 계통육성한 ‘효원3호’와 대조품종 ‘동진찰’을 공시하여, 2012, 2013년 2년간 중부지역에서 실시하였다. 4월 22일 경에 파종하여 29일간 육묘한 후 30 × 15 cm의 재식거리로 주당 1-3본씩 이앙하고, 시비량은 N-P-K = 9-4.5-5.7/10a로 재배하였다. 시험구 배치는 난괴법 3반복으로 하였다. 시험구 표본은 1반복당 30주로 3반복으로 수확하여 온실에서 자연건조 하였고, 수량 및 종자의 특성을 조사하였다. 생산력검정 시험포장 재배관리와 주요 농업적 특성, 수량 특성평가는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발 공동연구 사업 조사 기준에 준하여 실시하였다.
온실에서 자연건조 된 종자를 재현하여 현미를 확보하고 분말로 만들었다. 단백질 함량 분석은 kjeldahl flask에 분해한 시료를 냉각 후 H2O와 32% NaOH 가하여 증류하고, 3% Boric acid NH3 gas를 포집하여 0.1N-HCl로 적정하였다. 단백질함량은 아래 수식으로 계산하였다(MFDS. 2011).
단백질(%)=(A-B)×f×질소계수×(0.0014÷S)×100
A: 0.1N-HCl 소비량(mL), B: blank test의 0.1N-HCl 소비량(mL), f: 0.1N-HCl의 역가 = 1, S: Sample 채취량(g)
육성경위
‘효원3호’는 우리나라 토종자원을 활용하여 안정적인 생산성을 확보한 신품종을 육성하는 것을 목적으로 육종을 진행하였다. 토종자원으로는 외관품위가 양호한 재래종 찰벼인 ‘홍나’를 선정하였고, 안정적인 생산성을 갖춘 내도복 다수성의 ‘주남벼’를 교배모본으로 활용하였다. ‘홍나’와 ‘주남벼’를 2004년에 인공교배하여 F1 종자를 얻었고 JS24로 명명하였다. 2004년에서 2005년 겨울에 F1를 온실에서 파종하고 재배하여 F2 종자를 확보하였다. 2005년 포장에 F2를 집단전개하여 찰특성을 갖는 개체를 선발하였고, 2006년 F3 이후 계통육종법에 의하여 2011년까지 육성 선발 하면서, 단간 내복으로 현미외관 품위가 양호한 JS24-6-95-11-5-2-1-1-1-B 계통을 선발, 고정하였다(Fig. 1). 선발된 계통에 대해 SP107호로 계통명을 부여하고, 2012~2013년 난괴법 3반복으로 생산력검정 및 농가실증시험을 수행한 결과 품종의 균일성과 재배안정성을 확인하여 ‘효원3호’라 명명하였다. ‘효원3호’의 육성과정은 Fig. 1 및 Fig. 2와 같다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Hyowon 3’.
KJBS_51_61_fig_1.jpg
Fig. 2
Genealogical diagram of ‘Hyowon 3’.
KJBS_51_61_fig_2.jpg
주요 특성

1. 출수기 및 주요 농업적 특성

‘효원3호’는 중부지역에서 보통기 보비재배를 하였을 때 출수기가 8월 16일이었고, 대조구인 ‘동진찰’은 8월 13일이었다. ‘효원 3호’는 중생종이다. 간장은 80.7±0.9 cm 로 80.0±1.4 cm 인 ‘동진찰’과 차이가 없었다. 수장도 ‘효원3호’는 20.1±0.7 cm 로 20.0±0.7 cm인 ‘동진찰’과 차이가 없었다. 주당 이삭수는 14.1±1.3로 14.7±1.5인 ‘동진찰’보다 적었으나. 이삭당 립수는 104.0±4.8개로 98.7±4.6개인 ‘동진찰’보다 많았다, 등숙률은 93%였고, 현미천립중은 19.30±0.08 g으로 ‘동진찰’ 21.70±0.35 g 보다 가벼웠다(Table 1).
Table 1
Major agronomic traits and yield components.
Table 1
  Variety Heading date Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles per hill No. of spikelets per panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) Brown rice 1,000 grain weight (g)
Hyowon 3 Aug. 16 80.7±0.9 20.1±0.7 14.1±1.3 104.0±4.8 90 19.30±0.08
Dongjinchal Aug. 13 80.0±1.4 20.0±0.7 14.7±1.5 98.7±4.6 93 21.70±0.35

Values presented as means±CV

2. 생리장해 및 병해충 저항성

‘효원3호’는 못자리 불시출수는 관찰되지 않았고, 중 정도의 내도복성을 보였다. 성숙기 엽노화는 느린편이었고, 내냉성은 중 정도였다. 흰잎마름병에 중 정도의 저항성을 보이며, 목도열병과 줄무늬 잎마름병에 대해 중약 정도의 저항성을 보였으나, 벼멸구에 대한 저항성은 없었다(Table 2).
Table 2
Response to physiological stresses and Pest resistance.
Table 2
  Variety Leaf senescence at maturity Field lodging resistance Cold tolerance Neck blast Bacterial leaf blight Virus disease (Stripe) BPH
Hyowon 3 Slow MR M M M M S
Dongjinchal Slow MR MR M M R S

zR: Resistant, M: Moderate, S: Susceptible

3. 미질 및 수량성

‘효원 3호’는 현미길이가 4.48 mm로 4.89 mm인 대조품종 ‘동진찰’ 보다 짧은 소립이다. 현미의 폭도 2.75 mm로 대조품종의 2.97 mm보다 약간 좁은 편이다. 현미의 장폭비는 대조품종 1.65과 비슷한 1.63 정도이며, 현미의 두께도 1.88 mm로 1.90 mm인 대조품종과 비슷하다. 현미의 단백질 함량은 7.2%로 7.5%인 대조품종과 비슷한 수준이고, 백미의 단백질함량은 6.6%이였다. 2012년부터 2013년 2년간 실시한 생산력검정시험 결과 ‘효원 3호’의 수량성은 10a 당 492 kg으로 549 kg 인 ‘동진찰’의 90% 수준이다(Table 3, Fig. 3).
Table 3
Grain characteristics of ‘Hyowon 3’.
Table 3
  Variety Brown rice Milled rice Grain yield (kg/10a)
Length (mm) Width (mm) Thick-ness (mm) L/W ratio Protein content (%) Protein content (%)
Hyowon 3 4.48 2.75 1.88 1.63 7.2 6.6 492
Donginchal 4.89 2.97 1.90 1.65 7.5 6.4 549
Fig. 3
Grain appearance (A): Rough rice – ‘Dongjinchal’, (B) Rough rice – ‘Hyowon 3’, (C) Brown rice – ‘Dongjinchal’, (D) Brown rice – ‘Hyowon 3’.
KJBS_51_61_fig_3.jpg

4. 재배상 유의점

‘효원3호’ 는 중생종 찰벼 품종으로 도복에 다소 강하지만, 질소질 비료 과용 시 등숙 저하, 숙색불량, 병해충 발생이 우려되므로 적정 균형시비를 하여야 하고 적기 기본방제를 하여야 한다.
‘효원 3호’는 전통식품에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있는 상황에서 재래종 찰벼 중 외관품위가 양호한 찰벼 ‘홍나’의 재배안전성을 개선하고자 재배안전성이 우수한 내도복 다수성의 ‘주남벼’에 교배하여, 2006년부터 2011년까지 매년 포장에서 계통재배하면서 단간 내복으로 현미외관 품위가 양호한 JS24-6-95-11-5-2-1-1-1-B 계통을 선발, 고정하였고, 생산력검정을 수행한 결과 우수성이 인정되어 품종으로 출원 및 등록되었다. ‘효원 3호’는 중부평야지에서 8월 16일 경에 출수하는 중생종으로 ‘동진찰벼’에 비해 3일 정도 늦다. 간장은 80.7 cm이고, 수장과 이삭 수는 각각 20.1 cm, 14.1개로 ‘동진찰’과 비슷하였으며, 이삭당 립수는 104개이다. ‘효원 3호’는 성숙기 엽노화가 느리며, 중간 이상의 내냉성을 보였고, 목도열병, 흰잎마름병 및 줄무늬잎마름병에 중 정도의 저항성을 보였으나, 멸구에 대한 저항성은 없었다. ‘효원 3호’는 현미천립중이 19.30 g으로 중소립종이며, 현미장폭비가 1.63 정도의 단원형이다. 현미 단백질 함량은 7.2% 였고, 백미단백질 함량은 6.6% 이었다. 수량은 492 kg/10a으로 ‘동진찰’의 90% 수준이다. (품종보호권 등록번호 : 제 6210호, 2016. 6. 21.)
이 논문은 2017학년도 건국대학교의 연구년교원 지원에 의하여 연구되었음.
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Utilization of Korean Landrace Rice to Develop A Medium-Maturing Glutinous Rice Variety ‘Hyowon 3’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(1):61-64.   Published online March 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.1.61
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Utilization of Korean Landrace Rice to Develop A Medium-Maturing Glutinous Rice Variety ‘Hyowon 3’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2019;51(1):61-64.   Published online March 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2019.51.1.61
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Utilization of Korean Landrace Rice to Develop A Medium-Maturing Glutinous Rice Variety ‘Hyowon 3’
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Hyowon 3’.
Fig. 2 Genealogical diagram of ‘Hyowon 3’.
Fig. 3 Grain appearance (A): Rough rice – ‘Dongjinchal’, (B) Rough rice – ‘Hyowon 3’, (C) Brown rice – ‘Dongjinchal’, (D) Brown rice – ‘Hyowon 3’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Utilization of Korean Landrace Rice to Develop A Medium-Maturing Glutinous Rice Variety ‘Hyowon 3’

Major agronomic traits and yield components.

  Variety Heading date Culm length (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of panicles per hill No. of spikelets per panicle Ratio of ripened grain (%) Brown rice 1,000 grain weight (g)
Hyowon 3 Aug. 16 80.7±0.9 20.1±0.7 14.1±1.3 104.0±4.8 90 19.30±0.08
Dongjinchal Aug. 13 80.0±1.4 20.0±0.7 14.7±1.5 98.7±4.6 93 21.70±0.35

Values presented as means±CV

Response to physiological stresses and Pest resistance.

  Variety Leaf senescence at maturity Field lodging resistance Cold tolerance Neck blast Bacterial leaf blight Virus disease (Stripe) BPH
Hyowon 3 Slow MR M M M M S
Dongjinchal Slow MR MR M M R S

zR: Resistant, M: Moderate, S: Susceptible

Grain characteristics of ‘Hyowon 3’.

  Variety Brown rice Milled rice Grain yield (kg/10a)
Length (mm) Width (mm) Thick-ness (mm) L/W ratio Protein content (%) Protein content (%)
Hyowon 3 4.48 2.75 1.88 1.63 7.2 6.6 492
Donginchal 4.89 2.97 1.90 1.65 7.5 6.4 549
Table 1 Major agronomic traits and yield components.

Values presented as means±CV

Table 2 Response to physiological stresses and Pest resistance.

zR: Resistant, M: Moderate, S: Susceptible

Table 3 Grain characteristics of ‘Hyowon 3’.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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