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이모작 적응 조숙 대립 다수성 콩 품종 ‘참올’

고종민1, 김현태1, 한원영1, 백인열1, 윤홍태1, 이영훈1, 이병원1, 정찬식1, 하태정1, 신상욱1, 박장환1, 김홍식1, 서정현1, 강범규1,*, 서민정1, 최규환2, 신정호3, 곽도연1

‘Chamol’, an Early Maturing, High Yield, and Large-seed Soybean Cultivar for Double Cropping

Jong Min Ko1, Hyun Tae Kim1, Won Young Han1, In Youl Baek1, Hong Tae Yun1, Young Hoon Lee1, Byong Won Lee1, Chan Sik Jeong1, Tae Joung Ha1, Sang Ouk Shin1, Chang Hwan Park1, Hong Sik Kim1, Jeong Hyun Seo1, Beom Kyu Kang1,*, Min Jeong Seo1, Kyu Hwan Choi2, Jeong Ho Shin3, Do Yeon Kwak1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(4):478-484.
Published online: December 1, 2018

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

전라북도농업기술원

경상남도농업기술원

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* (E-mail: hellobk01@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1233, Fax: +82-55-353-3050)
• Received: August 9, 2018   • Revised: August 13, 2018   • Accepted: October 31, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A soybean cultivar “Chamol” for double cropping for use as soy-paste and tofu was developed using a pedigree method in 2011 as a cross between “Shinpaldal2” and “Keunol.” A promising line, SS99502-2B-89-1-3-4-1-1, was selected and designated as “Milyang210”. It was promising and showed good results from regional yield trials (RYTs) for 3 years from 2009 to 2011 and released with the name “Chamol.” It has a determinate growth habit, white flowers, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape, and large seeds (27.7 g per 100 seeds). The maturity date of “Chamol” was September 18 (100 day growing period) in RYT and it is suitable for double cropping with winter crops such as onion. “Chamol” was resistant to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus and tolerant to lodging in fields. Furthermore, the average yield of “Chamol” was 2.51 ton/ha in the regional yield trials conducted for 3 years from 2009 to 2011.
콩[Glycine max (L.) Merr]은 세계적으로 널리 재배되고 있는 작물로, 단백질 함량이 높고 지방은 불포화지방산이 높아 영양적으로 우수한 식물성 단백질 공급원으로 이용되고 있다(Medic et al. 2014). 특히 한국에서는 된장, 간장 등 장류, 두부, 두유, 콩나물 등 다양한 식품의 재료로 이용되고 있어 식문화의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다(Kim 2002).
콩의 중요성에도 불구하고 한국의 콩 재배면적은 2012년 8만 ha에서 2017년 4만 5천 ha로 급격히 감소하고 있는 실정이다(KOSIS 2018). 작물의 재배면적 감소는 주로 수익성과 관련이 큼으로 수익성을 높이고 재배 용이성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 찾아 재배면적 감소로 인해 자급률이 하락하지 않도록 할 필요가 있다.
다양한 작물과의 작부체계는 경지이용도를 높이고 수익을 향상시킬 수 있다. 콩의 경우 밀, 보리, 양파, 마늘 등 동계작물이나 감자, 고구마, 담배, 옥수수 등 봄 또는 여름 작물과 재배 가능하며 특히 남부지방에서는 맥류, 마늘, 양파 등과 작부체계를 통해 농가소득향상에 기여하고 있다(Ko et al. 2016a). 이러한 동계작물과 작부체계를 구성하기 위해서는 생육기간이 100일 내외로 짧아야 작물 간 생육기간이 겹치지 않아 재배가 용이하다.
생육기간이 짧은 단기성 콩은 주로 감온성이 높고, 감광성이 낮아서 일장이 조금만 짧아져도 개화반응이 나타나는 특성을 지니며, 이러한 품종군을 하대두형(여름콩)이라 부르고 있다(Cho 1997). 단기성 콩은 생육기간이 짧아 수량 감소와 함께 성숙기의 고온 및 강우로 인한 품질 저하가 쉽게 발생하지만 백립중 증가를 통해 수량성 회복하고, 종자 품위를 떨어뜨리는 미이라병은 등숙기간이 비교적 길어 미이라병 저항성을 강화시킬 필요가 있다(Kim et al. 1990, Ko et al. 2016b).
농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서는 수량이 증가된 단기성 콩 품종 개발을 목표로 하여 계통육종법을 통해 우량 계통을 선발하고 생산력검정시험과 지역적응시험을 거쳐 평균 생육기간이 100일이고 백립중이 27.7 g으로 대립이며, 수량성이 2.62톤/ha로 표준품종인 ‘새올콩(Lee et al. 2015)’ 대비 28% 증수된 ‘참올’을 개발하여 그 육성경위와 주요특성을 소개하고자 한다.
육성 과정
콩 신품종 ‘참올’은 이모작 적응 작부체계용 품종육성을 목표로 내재해성에 강하고 다수성인 ‘신팔달콩2호(Lee et al. 2015)’를 모본으로, 조숙 대립 특성의 ‘큰올콩(Lee et al. 2015)’을 부본으로하여 1998년 인공교배(SS99502) 하였다(Fig. 1). 1999년 F1, 2000년 F2 집단을 전개하고, 2001~2006년에는 F3~F8세대의 계통을 전개하여 계통육종법을 이용하여 선발하였다. 선발된 유망계통은 2007년 생산력예비검정, 2008년 생산력본검정 시험을 수행하여 성숙기가 빠르고 대립이며 내병 다수성으로 평가되어 ‘밀양210호’의 계통명을 부여한 후 2009~2011년 전국 5개소에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다(Fig. 2). 지역별 적응성을 평가한 결과 품종의 안정성, 균일성, 신규성이 인정되므로 2011년 12월 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신규등록품종으로 결정하고 ‘참올’로 명명하였다.
Fig. 1
Genealogy of Chamol.
KJBS_50_478_fig_1.jpg
Fig. 2
Pedigree diagram of ‘Chamol’.
KJBS_50_478_fig_2.jpg
생산력검정시험
2007년 생산력검정 예비시험(PYT, Preliminary Yield Trial), 2009년 생산력검정 본시험(AYT, Advanced Yield Trial)을 경남 밀양에 위치한 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부(현 남부작물부)에서 수행하였다. 생산력검정 예비시험은 시험구 면적 8.4㎡, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 난괴법 2반복으로 배치하였고, 생산력검정 본시험은 시험구 면적 11.2㎡, 재식거리 70×15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하여 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 주요 생육특성과 수량성을 조사하였다(RDA 2012).
지역적응시험
지역적응시험(RYT, Regional Yield Trial)의 시험지역은 경기 수원, 경남 밀양, 전북 익산, 경남 진주, 제주 등 5개 지역에서 2009년부터 2011년까지 3년간 수행되었다. 재배 방법은 시험구 면적 11.2㎡, 재식 거리 70×15 cm, 1주2본으로 재배되고 밀양, 수원은 난괴법 4반복으로 배치하였으며 기타 지역은 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 파종기는 6월 중순으로 설정하였고 농업과학기술 연구조사분석 기준에 따라 생육특성 및 수량성을 조사하고 표준품종인 ‘새올콩’과 비교하였다.
내병성검정
콩모자이크바이러스(SMV)와 불마름병(Bacterial pustule, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines)의 자연 이병률 평가를 위해 대구시험지 검정포장에 5월 상순에 파종하여 콩모자이크바이러스와 불마름병의 자연이병율을 조사하였다. 자연이병율은 병징이 나타난 개체 수를 조사하여 정도(0-9)로 평가하였다.
콩모자이크바이러스 인공접종 평가는 G5 (Lim et al. 2003), G6H (Seo et al. 2009), G7H (Kim et al. 2003)를 이용하였으며 각각의 이병 잎을 마쇄하여 2 mole 농도의 인산 나트륨 버퍼에 녹인 후 즙액을 만들어 초생엽 전개시 Carborandom을 이용하여 잎 표면에 상처를 낸 후 접종하였다. 접종 후 약 2주 뒤 접종한 하위엽과 상위엽을 병반 없음 (-), 갈색 병반 (L), 엽맥 병반 (V), 모자익 증상 (M), 고사 (N), 5가지 병징으로 판별 및 조사하였다.
불마름병 인공접종 평가는 8ra 균계를 패트리디시에 증식 후 증류수에 희석한 흡광도 0.2-0.3의 접종액을 제 2본엽기~3본엽기에 충분히 분무접종하고 습식처리 후 10일이 경과하고 2회에 걸쳐 잎에 나타난 병징의 면적을 조사하고 정도(0-9)로 평가하였다.
검은뿌리썩음병(Root rot)은 과습포장에 재배하여 자연이병 개체수를 조사하여 전 개체수에 대한 백분율로 나타내었다. 종자 이병립율은 시험구에서 임의로 100립을 추출하여 3반복으로 자반병(Purple seed stain, Cercospora kikuchii), 갈반병(Seed mottling), 미이라병(Phomopsis seed decay, Phomopsis longicolla) 이병립수를 조사하였다. 콩나방 피해립율(Pod borer damage)은 경기도 연천 콩나방 상습 발병지(경기 연천)에서 피해립율을 조사하였다.
내도복성 및 내탈립성
내도복성 검정을 위해 70 × 7.5 cm로 2배 밀식재배하여 시험구 2.8 ㎡의 난괴법 2반복 배치하여 도복 정도를 조사하였다. 도복 정도는 성숙기에 45° 이상 기울어진 개체의 비율로 등급화(1: 5% 이하, 3: 6~10%, 5: 11~50%, 7: 51~75%, 9: 76% 이상)하였다. 반복 및 연차 간 등급을 평균하여 1~9로 최종 등급을 표시하였다. 협개열 정도는 성숙한 꼬투리 20개를 성숙기에 채취하여 40°C 건조기에 48시간 건조 후 꼬투리의 개열 정도를 조사하였다.
품질분석
단백질 함량은 질소 분석기(Elementar Analysen system, US/ RapidN111, Germany)를 이용하여 분석하였으며 지방함량 및 지방산 조성분석은 자동유지추출장치(Soxhlet System: BUCHI Labotechnik, B-811, AG, Switzerland)에 넣고 n-hexane으로 3시간 열수 추출한 후 지방함량을 구하였다. 그리고 지방산 조성 분석은 가스크로마토그래피(Agilent, GC 7890A, USA)로 분석하였다.
아이소플라본은 성분 분석을 위해 분쇄한 시료 1.0 g을 50% methanol 용액 20 mL에 12시간 실온에서 교반한 뒤 추출액을 여과지(Whatman NO. 2)를 이용하여 여과하였다. 여과된 시료는 다시 HPLC 분석을 위해 0.45 μm 로 재여과하였고 액체크로마토그래피(Agilent, 1100, USA)로 분석하였다. 아이소플라본은 배당체와 비배당체의 함량을 모두 합하여 표시하였다.
두부⋅청국장 및 메주가공적성 평가
두부는 원료콩 150 g을 10°C에서 15시간 침지 시킨 후 가수량을 10배로 하여 3분간 와링브렌더로 마쇄하고, 마쇄한 두미를 여과포에 넣어 압착여과기로 압착(3psi)하여 두유를 얻고, 두유를 스테인레스 용기(Φ15×30 cm)에 담아 가압솥에서 98~100°C로 10분간 가열한 후, 두유를 85°C로 유지시키면서 CaSO4를 2% 첨가하고, 20분간 그대로 정치하여 응고시켰다. 응고물은 두부성형틀에 넣고(12×10×4 cm) 압착성형 하였고, 압착된 두부를 15°C 정도의 물에 2시간 정도 수침시킨 후 완성된 두부를 시료로 사용하여 물성⋅색차 및 수율을 조사하였다.
청국장은 원료콩 20 g을 15시간 침종 후 121°C에서 15분간 살균하고 청국장 균(bacillus subtilis) 200 μl를 접종하여 유산균 발효기(㈜엔유씨전자, NY-3200S)에 치상하였다. 24시간 뒤 끈적임 정도를 대원콩을 ‘3’으로 하여 1(약)-5(강) 수준으로 평가하고, 점질물(γ-polyglutamate)량은 청국장 5 g에 증류수 30 ml를 가하여 낟알이 부서지지 않게 저어 추출한 후 15,000×g에서 10분간 원심분리하여 얻은 상층액을 동결 건조하여 중량을 측정하였다.
메주는 원료콩 2 kg을 세척 후 9시간 동안 수침한 후 5분동안 절수하고 115°C에서 40분간 증자하였다. 증자 후 콩을 압력솥에서 꺼낸 후 넓게 펴 식힌 다음 회전식 스크류 쵸파로 마쇄하고 목재 성형틀에 넣어 성형한 후 30±2°C, 70±5% RH의 항온항습실에서 40일 동안 발효시켰다. 발효된 메주는 실외 건조 후 무게를 측정하였다.
식물학적 및 농업적 특성
‘참올’은 유한신육형이며 엽형은 난형이고, 꽃색은 백색이다. 모용색은 회색이고, 협색은 황색, 종피색과 배꼽색은 황색이며 종실모양은 구형이다(Table 1).
Table 1
Qualitative characteristics of ‘Chamol’.
Table 1
Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Flower color Pubescence color Pod color Seed coat Color Hilum color Seed shape
Chamol Determinate Oval White Grey Yellow Yellow Yellow Spherical
Saeolkong Determinate Oval White Grey Light brown Yellow Yellow Spherical
‘참올’의 개화기는 ‘새올콩’과 같은 7월 23일이며 성숙기는 6일 늦은 9월 18일이었다. 경장은 44 cm로 43 cm로 평가된 ‘새올콩’과 비슷하며, 주당 협수는 31개로 ‘새올콩’보다 많았다. 분지수도 2.9개로 약간 많은 편이며 절수는 11개로 ‘새올콩’과 같았다. 성숙한 종실의 100립중은 ‘새올콩’보다 큰 27.7 g으로 대립종이다(Table 2). 성숙기 및 생육일수는 수원 9월 14일(107일), 익산 9월 21일(98일), 밀양 9월 22일(103일), 진주 9월 16일(93일), 제주 9월 17일(99일)로 평균 9월 18일(100일)로 평가되어 양파와 같은 동계작물과의 작부체계 적응에 문제 없는 수준이었다(Table 3).
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Chamol’ determined by regional yield trial from 2009 to 2011.
Table 2
Cultivar Flowering date Maturity Date Stem height (cm) No. of nods No. of branch No. of pods per plant Weight per 100 seeds (g)
Chamol July 23 Sep 18 44 11 2.9 31 27.7
Saeolkong July 23 Sep 12 43 11 2.1 30 25.0
t-value z - - 0.54ns -0.28ns 3.43** 0.42ns 3.17**

z(ns)non-significant; *, ** are significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 by student t-test between Chamol and Saeolkong.

Table 3
Maturing date and growing days of ‘Chamol’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations.
Table 3
Location Chamol (Month. Date) Saeolkong (Month. Date)
2009 2010 2011 Mean Days from planting to maturity 2009 2010 2011 Mean Days from planting to maturity
Milyang Sept.17 Sept.27 Sept.22 Sept.22 103 Sept.14 Sept.16 Sept.15 Sept.15 96
Suwon Sept.13 Sept.24 Sept.7 Sept.14 107 Sept.9 Sept.9 Sept.7 Sept.8 100
Iksan Sept.24 Sept.26 Sept.13 Sept.21 98 Sept.19 Sept.26 Sept.17 Sept.20 97
Jeju Sept.18 Sept.16 - Sept.17 99 Sept.5 Sept.10 - Sept.7 89
Jinju Sept.12 Sept.19 Sept.19 Sept.16 93 Sept.8 Sept.13 Sept.12 Sept.11 87
Mean Sept.16 Sept.22 Sept.15 Sept.18 100 Sept.13 Sept.7 Sept.12 Sept.12 94
t-value z 4.24**

z, **is significantly different at 0.01 by student t-test between ‘Chamol’ and ‘Saeolkong’.

내재해 및 내병충성
‘참올’은 내도복 인위검정포장에서의 시험결과 밀식재배(70 × 7.5 cm) 시 ‘3’으로 평가되어 도복에 강했다. 내탈립성은 포장에서 ‘7’로 평가되었으며, 40°C 건조기에서 48시간 처리 후 73.8%가 개열되어 탈립에 약하였다. 콩나방 피해립율은 2.1%로 ‘새올콩’보다 높았다(Table 4).
Table 4
The response of ‘Chamol’ to abiotic stress and pod borer estimated from 2009 to 2011.
Table 4
Cultivar Lodging at field (1-9) z Shattering Damaged seed for Pod borer (%)
Normal culture Density culture Field (1-9) y Ratios by Oven test (%) x
Chamol 1 3 7 73.8 2.1
Saeolkong 1 2 8 71.0 0.9

z1: Tolerant, 9: Susceptible, Normal culture: 70×15 cm, Density culture: 70×7.5 cm

y1: Tolerant, 9: Susceptible.

xShattering after 48hr at 40°C dry oven

불마름병 저항성은 시험포장에서 ‘1’로 평가되어 불마름병에 강하였으며 유묘 접종 시에도 ‘2’로 평가되어 ‘새올콩’보다 강하였다. 검은뿌리썩음병의 발병률은 0.4%로 낮았으며, 콩 모자이크 바이러스병(SMV)은 검정포에서 ‘0’으로 평가되어 저항성으로 나타났다. 인위 접종 시험에서는 G7H계통은 접종엽과 상위엽 모두 병징이 나타나지 않아 저항성으로 평가되었으며 G6H계통은 상위엽에 모자이크 증상이 나타났고, G5계통은 접종엽에 로컬 병반이 나타나 표준품종인 ‘새올콩’보다 강하였다. 병해립 조사결과는 자반병이 0.3%, 갈반병이 0.2%, 미이라병이 0.7%로 조사되어 ‘새올콩’보다 병해립 발병정도가 낮았다(Table 5).
Table 5
The resistance of ‘Chamol’ to the diseases of soybean estimated from 2009 to 2011.
Table 5
Cultivar Bacterial pustule (0-9) z Root rot (%) Soybean Mosaic Virus Percentages of damaged seed (%)
Field Inoculation y Inoculation x Field (0-9) Purple seed stain Seed spot Phomopsis
G7H G6H G5
Chamol 1 2 0.4 -/- -/M L/- 0 0.3 0.2 0.7
Saeolkong 3 4 0.0 -/M -/M M/M 0 1.0 0.4 1.0

z0: Resistant, 9: Susceptible,

y8ra strain

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, -: No symptom, L: Local reaction, M: Mosaic.

종실품질 및 가공적성
‘참올’의 조단백질 함량은 43.7%, 조지방 함량은 19.3%로 분석되었다. 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 15.3%, 불포화지방산이 84.7%를 차지하였다. 이소플라본 분석 결과 총 함량은 1,330μg/g, Daidzein이 367μg/g, Glycitein이 297μg/g, Genistein이 665μg/g으로 분석되어 중생종이나 만생종 콩에 비해 낮은 편이었다(Table 6).
Table 6
Major chemical component of Seed in ‘Chamol’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.
Table 6
Cultivar Crude protein (%) Crude oil (%) Fatty acids (%) Isoflavone (μg/g)
Sat Unsat Daidzein Glycitein Genistein Total
Chamol 43.7 19.3 15.3 84.7 367 297 665 1,330
Saeolkong 45.1 18.8 15.4 84.6 206 159 332 698
t-value z -0.44ns 0.26ns 0ns 0ns 2.48ns 4.68ns 2.85ns 3.06ns

z(ns)non-significant

‘참올’의 두부 수율은 171%로 ‘새올콩’보다 낮았으며, 비지수율 또한 124%로 낮은 수준이었다. 두부의 색은 색차값(ΔE)이 1.4로 ‘새올콩’’과 근소한 차이가 있었다. 두부의 물성 분석에서는 특히 검성(1,059), 씹힘성(827), 경도(1,425 g/3.14㎟)가 ‘새올콩’ 보다 높게 분석되었다. 검성은 씹는 동안 계속 덩어리로 남아있으려는 성질이며, 씹힘성은 씹는 정도에 따른 응집성과 관련된 성질이며, 경도는 형태 변화에 드는 힘을 의미하는데 ‘참올’의 두부가 씹을 때 단단하고 변화가 적은 특성을 나타내었다(Table 7). 메주 수율은 84.7%로 ‘새올콩’보다 높았고, 풍취는 비슷하였다. 청국장 수율은 232%, γ-polyglutamic acid의 양은 23.2 mg/g으로 대조품종보다 높게 분석되었다(Table 8).
Table 7
Evaluation of tofu characteristics of ‘Chamol’.
Table 7
Cultivar Yield (%) Bean Curd Residue (%) Color value z Physical characteristics
L a b ΔE Elasticity Gum Cohesiveness Chewiness Hardness (g/3.14mm2)
Chamol 171 124 83 0.76 16.0 1.4 0.88 1,059 0.67 827 1,425
Saeolkong 181 146 84 0.45 16.9 0.87 631 0.77 550 828
t-value z -0.59ns -4.03ns - - - - 1ns 2.77ns -1.54ns 1.19ns 1.07ns

zL: lightness, a: (-)Green~(+)Red, b: -(Blue)~(+)Yellow, ΔE: 0.5~1.5% (Slightly difference).

Table 8
Meju (Soybean malt) and Cheonggukjang (fermented soybean) process ability of ‘Chamol’.
Table 8
Cultivar Meju (Soybean malt) Cheonggukjang (Fermented soybean)
Yield (%) Scent (1-5) z Yield (%) Degree of Stickiness (1-5) y Scent (1-5) z γ-PGA (mg/g)
Chamol 84.7 2 232 2 2 23.2
Saeolkong 82.5 2 182 2 3 20.6
t-value x - - 2.95ns - - 0.59ns

z1: worst ~ 5: best.

y1: weak ~ 5: strong.

xns : not significantly different between ‘Chamol’ and ‘Saeolkong’ by student t-test.

수량성
‘참올’은 2년간(’07~’08) 실시한 생산력검정시험 결과 평균수량이 2.07톤/ha으로 ‘새올콩’에 비해 23% 증수되었다(Table 9). 전국 5개 시험지에서 3년간(’09~’11) 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 ‘참올’은 모든 지역에서 증수하였으며 3년 평균수량은 ha당 2.62톤으로 표준품종인 ‘새올’ 대비 28% 증수하였다(Table 10).
Table 9
Yield of ‘Chamol’ on yield trials carried out at Milyang.
Table 9
Cultivar Yield (Ton/ha) Index
PYT z (’07) AYT z (’08) Mean
Chamol 1.85 2.29 2.07 123
Saeolkong 1.69 1.67 1.68 100

zPYT: Preliminary yield trial, AYT: Advanced yield trial.

Table 10
Yield of ‘Chamol’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations
Table 10
Location Chamol (Ton/ha) Saeolkong (Ton/ha)
2009 2010 2011 Mean Index 2009 2010 2011 Mean
Suwon 2.43 2.19 1.74 2.12 113 2.60 1.58 1.44 1.87
Miryang 2.47 2.90 2.77 2.71 116 2.23 2.59 2.21 2.34
Iksan 2.24 2.83 2.47 2.51 138 1.84 1.82 1.82 1.83
Jinju 3.47 2.74 2.99 3.07 139 2.65 1.99 1.96 2.20
Jeju 2.61 2.84 - 2.73 137 1.68 2.29 - 1.99
Mean 2.64 2.70 2.49 2.62 128 2.20 2.05 1.86 2.05
t-value 3.75**

**Significant at the 1% level of probability by t-test between Chamol and Saeolkong.

재배상의 유의점
‘참올’의 적응지역은 전국이며, 6월 상중순에 파종하면 9월 중순경에 수확이 가능하여 마늘, 양파 등 동계작물과 이모작에 적합하다. 조기 파종은 자반병 등 병해립 발생으로 인한 종실의 품위를 떨어뜨릴 우려가 있으므로 적기에 파종할 수 있도록 해야하며 탈립되기 쉬우므로 성숙기에 접어들면 수확을 지연하지 않고 바로 수확할 수 있도록 해야 한다.
‘참올’은 대립 다수성 특성의 이모작 적응 콩 품종 육성을 목표로 1998년에 내재해성이 우수하고 수량이 많은 ‘신팔달콩2호’를 모본으로, 조숙 대립 단기성 품종인 ‘큰올콩’을 부본으로 교배하여 선발한 품종이다. 1999~2000년에 F1, F2 세대를 양성하고, F3부터 계통 전개하여 선발하였으며, 2007~2008년에 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 대립 다수성 단기성 콩으로 유망하여 밀양210호의 계통명을 부여하고, 2009~2011년 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 안정성, 균일성에 문제가 없고 이모작 작부체계에 적합하여 2011년 12월 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 신규품종으로 선정하고 ‘참올’로 명명하였다. ‘참올’은 유한신육형이며 엽형은 난형이고, 꽃색은 백색이다. 모용색은 회색이고, 협색은 황색, 종피색과 배꼽색은 황색이며 종실모양은 구형이다. 개화기는 ‘새올콩’과 같고 성숙기는 ‘새올콩’보다 6일 늦은 수준이나, 생육기간이 100일 내외로 9월 중순경에 수확이 가능하여 이모작 작부체계가 가능하다.
경장은 44 cm로 ‘새올콩’보다 다소 작고 도복에 강하며, 콩나방 피해립율은 2.1%로 ‘새올콩’에 비해 약간 높았다. ‘참올’은 특히 탈립에 약하여 성숙기에 바로 수확해야 손실을 줄일 수 있다. 콩 모자이크 바이러스병(SMV) 및 불마름병에는 저항성 반응을 보였고, 종자 병해립의 발생은 ‘새올콩’보다 적었다. 종실의 조단백질 함량은 43.7%이고 조지방 함량은 19.3%이며 기능성 성분인 이소플라본 총 함량은 1,330μg/g으로 분석되었다.
‘참올’의 종실 100립중은 27.7 g으로 대립종이며, 지역적응시험에서 수량성은 2.62톤/ha으로 ‘새올콩’ 대비 28% 증수하였다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제명: 콩 전통식품 가공적성 신품종 육성, 과제번호: PJ01122504)의 지원에 의해 수행되었다.
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‘Chamol’, an Early Maturing, High Yield, and Large-seed Soybean Cultivar for Double Cropping
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(4):478-484.   Published online December 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.4.478
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‘Chamol’, an Early Maturing, High Yield, and Large-seed Soybean Cultivar for Double Cropping
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(4):478-484.   Published online December 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.4.478
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‘Chamol’, an Early Maturing, High Yield, and Large-seed Soybean Cultivar for Double Cropping
Image Image
Fig. 1 Genealogy of Chamol.
Fig. 2 Pedigree diagram of ‘Chamol’.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

‘Chamol’, an Early Maturing, High Yield, and Large-seed Soybean Cultivar for Double Cropping

Qualitative characteristics of ‘Chamol’.

Cultivar Growth habit Leaflet shape Flower color Pubescence color Pod color Seed coat Color Hilum color Seed shape
Chamol Determinate Oval White Grey Yellow Yellow Yellow Spherical
Saeolkong Determinate Oval White Grey Light brown Yellow Yellow Spherical

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Chamol’ determined by regional yield trial from 2009 to 2011.

Cultivar Flowering date Maturity Date Stem height (cm) No. of nods No. of branch No. of pods per plant Weight per 100 seeds (g)
Chamol July 23 Sep 18 44 11 2.9 31 27.7
Saeolkong July 23 Sep 12 43 11 2.1 30 25.0
t-value z - - 0.54ns -0.28ns 3.43** 0.42ns 3.17**

z(ns)non-significant; *, ** are significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 by student t-test between Chamol and Saeolkong.

Maturing date and growing days of ‘Chamol’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations.

Location Chamol (Month. Date) Saeolkong (Month. Date)
2009 2010 2011 Mean Days from planting to maturity 2009 2010 2011 Mean Days from planting to maturity
Milyang Sept.17 Sept.27 Sept.22 Sept.22 103 Sept.14 Sept.16 Sept.15 Sept.15 96
Suwon Sept.13 Sept.24 Sept.7 Sept.14 107 Sept.9 Sept.9 Sept.7 Sept.8 100
Iksan Sept.24 Sept.26 Sept.13 Sept.21 98 Sept.19 Sept.26 Sept.17 Sept.20 97
Jeju Sept.18 Sept.16 - Sept.17 99 Sept.5 Sept.10 - Sept.7 89
Jinju Sept.12 Sept.19 Sept.19 Sept.16 93 Sept.8 Sept.13 Sept.12 Sept.11 87
Mean Sept.16 Sept.22 Sept.15 Sept.18 100 Sept.13 Sept.7 Sept.12 Sept.12 94
t-value z 4.24**

z, **is significantly different at 0.01 by student t-test between ‘Chamol’ and ‘Saeolkong’.

The response of ‘Chamol’ to abiotic stress and pod borer estimated from 2009 to 2011.

Cultivar Lodging at field (1-9) z Shattering Damaged seed for Pod borer (%)
Normal culture Density culture Field (1-9) y Ratios by Oven test (%) x
Chamol 1 3 7 73.8 2.1
Saeolkong 1 2 8 71.0 0.9

z1: Tolerant, 9: Susceptible, Normal culture: 70×15 cm, Density culture: 70×7.5 cm

y1: Tolerant, 9: Susceptible.

xShattering after 48hr at 40°C dry oven

The resistance of ‘Chamol’ to the diseases of soybean estimated from 2009 to 2011.

Cultivar Bacterial pustule (0-9) z Root rot (%) Soybean Mosaic Virus Percentages of damaged seed (%)
Field Inoculation y Inoculation x Field (0-9) Purple seed stain Seed spot Phomopsis
G7H G6H G5
Chamol 1 2 0.4 -/- -/M L/- 0 0.3 0.2 0.7
Saeolkong 3 4 0.0 -/M -/M M/M 0 1.0 0.4 1.0

z0: Resistant, 9: Susceptible,

y8ra strain

xReaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, -: No symptom, L: Local reaction, M: Mosaic.

Major chemical component of Seed in ‘Chamol’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.

Cultivar Crude protein (%) Crude oil (%) Fatty acids (%) Isoflavone (μg/g)
Sat Unsat Daidzein Glycitein Genistein Total
Chamol 43.7 19.3 15.3 84.7 367 297 665 1,330
Saeolkong 45.1 18.8 15.4 84.6 206 159 332 698
t-value z -0.44ns 0.26ns 0ns 0ns 2.48ns 4.68ns 2.85ns 3.06ns

z(ns)non-significant

Evaluation of tofu characteristics of ‘Chamol’.

Cultivar Yield (%) Bean Curd Residue (%) Color value z Physical characteristics
L a b ΔE Elasticity Gum Cohesiveness Chewiness Hardness (g/3.14mm2)
Chamol 171 124 83 0.76 16.0 1.4 0.88 1,059 0.67 827 1,425
Saeolkong 181 146 84 0.45 16.9 0.87 631 0.77 550 828
t-value z -0.59ns -4.03ns - - - - 1ns 2.77ns -1.54ns 1.19ns 1.07ns

zL: lightness, a: (-)Green~(+)Red, b: -(Blue)~(+)Yellow, ΔE: 0.5~1.5% (Slightly difference).

Meju (Soybean malt) and Cheonggukjang (fermented soybean) process ability of ‘Chamol’.

Cultivar Meju (Soybean malt) Cheonggukjang (Fermented soybean)
Yield (%) Scent (1-5) z Yield (%) Degree of Stickiness (1-5) y Scent (1-5) z γ-PGA (mg/g)
Chamol 84.7 2 232 2 2 23.2
Saeolkong 82.5 2 182 2 3 20.6
t-value x - - 2.95ns - - 0.59ns

z1: worst ~ 5: best.

y1: weak ~ 5: strong.

xns : not significantly different between ‘Chamol’ and ‘Saeolkong’ by student t-test.

Yield of ‘Chamol’ on yield trials carried out at Milyang.

Cultivar Yield (Ton/ha) Index
PYT z (’07) AYT z (’08) Mean
Chamol 1.85 2.29 2.07 123
Saeolkong 1.69 1.67 1.68 100

zPYT: Preliminary yield trial, AYT: Advanced yield trial.

Yield of ‘Chamol’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations

Location Chamol (Ton/ha) Saeolkong (Ton/ha)
2009 2010 2011 Mean Index 2009 2010 2011 Mean
Suwon 2.43 2.19 1.74 2.12 113 2.60 1.58 1.44 1.87
Miryang 2.47 2.90 2.77 2.71 116 2.23 2.59 2.21 2.34
Iksan 2.24 2.83 2.47 2.51 138 1.84 1.82 1.82 1.83
Jinju 3.47 2.74 2.99 3.07 139 2.65 1.99 1.96 2.20
Jeju 2.61 2.84 - 2.73 137 1.68 2.29 - 1.99
Mean 2.64 2.70 2.49 2.62 128 2.20 2.05 1.86 2.05
t-value 3.75**

**Significant at the 1% level of probability by t-test between Chamol and Saeolkong.

Table 1 Qualitative characteristics of ‘Chamol’.
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Chamol’ determined by regional yield trial from 2009 to 2011.

(ns)non-significant; *, ** are significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 by student t-test between Chamol and Saeolkong.

Table 3 Maturing date and growing days of ‘Chamol’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations.

is significantly different at 0.01 by student t-test between ‘Chamol’ and ‘Saeolkong’.

Table 4 The response of ‘Chamol’ to abiotic stress and pod borer estimated from 2009 to 2011.

1: Tolerant, 9: Susceptible, Normal culture: 70×15 cm, Density culture: 70×7.5 cm

1: Tolerant, 9: Susceptible.

Shattering after 48hr at 40°C dry oven

Table 5 The resistance of ‘Chamol’ to the diseases of soybean estimated from 2009 to 2011.

0: Resistant, 9: Susceptible,

8ra strain

Reaction of inoculated leaf/upper leaves, -: No symptom, L: Local reaction, M: Mosaic.

Table 6 Major chemical component of Seed in ‘Chamol’ estimated from 2010 to 2011.

(ns)non-significant

Table 7 Evaluation of tofu characteristics of ‘Chamol’.

L: lightness, a: (-)Green~(+)Red, b: -(Blue)~(+)Yellow, ΔE: 0.5~1.5% (Slightly difference).

Table 8 Meju (Soybean malt) and Cheonggukjang (fermented soybean) process ability of ‘Chamol’.

1: worst ~ 5: best.

1: weak ~ 5: strong.

ns : not significantly different between ‘Chamol’ and ‘Saeolkong’ by student t-test.

Table 9 Yield of ‘Chamol’ on yield trials carried out at Milyang.

PYT: Preliminary yield trial, AYT: Advanced yield trial.

Table 10 Yield of ‘Chamol’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations

Significant at the 1% level of probability by t-test between Chamol and Saeolkong.

Table 1

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Table 5

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Table 9

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