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수량과 기름 함량이 증가된 종실들깨 ‘들샘’ 육성

이명희1, 김정인1,*, 김성업1, 배석복1, 황정동1, 송득영2, 오기원2, 오은영1, 하태정1, 이병규3, 정찬식2, 백인열1

Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Deulsaem’ with High Yield and Oil Content for Edible Seed

Myoung Hee Lee1, Jung In Kim1,*, Sung Up Kim1, Suk Bok Pae1, Chung Dong Hwang1, Deuk Yung Song2, Ki Won Oh2, Eun Young Oh1, Tae Joung Ha1, Byung Kyu Lee3, Chan Sik Jung2, In Youl Baek1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2018;50(2):161-164.
Published online: June 1, 2018

국립식량과학원 남부작물부

국립식량과학원

국립식량과학원 중부작물부

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(E-mail: kji1204@korea.kr, Tel.: +82-55-350-1228, Fax.: +82-55-353-3050)
• Received: March 16, 2018   • Accepted: April 25, 2018

Copyright: © 2018 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • Perilla cultivar ‘Deulsaem’ was developed for perilla oil and powder. ‘YPL139’ and ‘Daesildeulkkae’ crossed in 2003 and selected from F3 to F5 by pedigree method. The selected pedigree is ‘YPS142-B-28-1-3-2-2’ and named as Miryang No. 57. The regional yield trial (RYT) in five regions was conducted from 2011 to 2013. In RYT, ‘Deulsaem’ was a high yield and quality. ‘Deulsaem’ is determinate, white flower and brown spherical seed. Maturity date was Oct. 8, similar to ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’(standard cultivar). However, ‘Deulsaem’ has higher number of flower cluster and ear per cluster than ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’. The yield of oil content and linolenic acid of ‘Deulsaem’ was 39.4% and 61.0%, respectively. The yield in adaptable regions was 1.42 ton/ha (5% increase compared to ‘Saeyeopsildeulkkae’) and ‘Deulsaem’ is expected to be cultivated and used widely for good quality perilla oil. (Registration No. 6246)
  • Keywords: perilla; Deulsaem; seed; new variety; breeding
들깨(Perilla frutescens Britt.)는 꿀풀과(Labiatae)에 속하는 1년생 초본으로, 우리나라에서 참깨와 더불어 전통기름의 원료로 이용되고 있는 유지작물이다. 들깨는 쓰임새가 다양하여 종자 자체로 사용될 뿐만 아니라 잎은 신선 잎채소용으로 이용되며, 용도에 따라 재배 방법과 산업이 달라 용도별 품종 개발이 필요하다.
국내의 경우 최근 5년간 들깨 소비량이 49% 증가하였으며, 이에 따라 재배면적과 생산량이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 특히 2016년에는 재배면적이 45,525 ha로 2014년(37,461 ha) 대비 21.4% 이상 증가하였다. 그 원인으로 들기름에 들어 있는 오메가-3 계열 지방산의 건강기능성 효과에 대해 알려지면서 수요가 증가하였는데, 특히 오메가-3 계열 지방산인 알파-리놀렌산이 학습능력 향상에 효과적이며, 그 효과가 동물성 오메가-3인 DHA(docosahexaenoic acid)와 대등하다고 밝혀졌기 때문이다(Lee et al. 2017).
들깻잎은 노지 및 시설하우스를 통해 연중 생산이 되고 있으며, 경남 밀양과 충남 금산을 중심으로 재배되고 있으며(Lee et al. 2014), 잎에 함유되어 있는 항당뇨, 미백활성 등 다양한 기능성 성분 관련 연구들도 진행되어 왔다(Lee et al. 2009, Lee et al. 2011).
최근 들기름 가공업체에서는 수량 및 기름 함량을 안정적으로 확보할 수 있는 품종에 관심을 가지며, 안정적 원료 생산을 위한 우량 품종 생산 단지를 조성하고 있다. 산업체의 요구에 맞는 들깨 신품종을 육성하기 위해 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서는 ‘YPS139’를 모본으로 하고, ‘대실들깨’(Daesildeulkkae)를 부본으로 인공교배하여 계통육종법에 의해 육성 선발하여 생산력검정을 통해 ‘YPS142-B-28-1-3-2-2’을 선발, ‘밀양57호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 이 계통을 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 우수성이 인정되어 직무육성신품종 선정위원회에서 ‘들샘’(Deulsaem)으로 명명, 육성하게 되어 이 품종의 육성경위와 주요특성을 보고하고자 한다(RDA 2014).
재배 방법
들깨 ‘들샘’ 품종 육성을 위해 계통육성시험 및 생산력검정시험은 2004년부터 2010년까지 국립식량과학원 남부작물부(밀양) 시험포장에서 들깨 표준재배법에 따라 수행하였다.
지역적응시험은 2011년부터 2013년까지 3개년 동안 국립식량과학원 남부작물부(밀양), 충청북도농업기술원(청원), 전라북도농업기술원(익산) 3개소에서 수행하였고, 강원도농업기술원(춘천)은 2011년부터 2012년까지 2년, 국립식량과학원(수원)은 2013년만 들깨 표준재배법에 따라 수행하였다.
농업적 특성, 품질 특성, 수량구성 요소 등을 조사였으며, 조사 및 평가방법은 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석 기준(RDA 2012)에 준하였다. 지방 함량은 분쇄 시료 2.0 g을 추출 용매(n-hexane)에 첨가하여 자동 속시렛 추출장치(Buchi B-811 extracted system)를 이용하여 추출하여 수분 보정한 값을 환산하였으며, 지방산추출은 지방 함량분석에서 추출한 시료를 methylation한 다음 GC(Gas Chromatography)를 통해 분석하였다.
이화학 분석 및 착유율
수확 후 들깨 종자의 주요성분 분석으로 조지방 함량은 분쇄시료 2.0 g을 추출용매(n-hexane)에 첨가하여 자동 속시렛 추출장치(Buchi B-811 extracted system)를 이용하여 추출하여 수분 보정한 값을 환산하여 측정하였다. 지방산 분석은 기름150 μl와 시약(MeOH:H2SO4:Toluene=20:1:10) 5 ml를 가하여 1시간 중탕을 통하여 지방의 methyl ester로 변환시킨 후 Gas chromatography (7890A, Agilent, USA)를 이용해 분석하였다. GC column은 HP-FFAP capillary, 온도는 150-230°C, Carrier gas는 N2 등 분석조건으로 수행하였다. 종자의 단백질은 시료 1 g을 자동 Kjeldahl(rapip N cube, Elementar, Germany) 기기로 분석하였다. 로즈마린산 등 페놀화합물은 시료 1 g을 80% 메탄올에 추출하여 High performance liquid chromatography(Dionex Ultimate 3000 series, Germany) 기기로 분석하였다(Lee et al. 2009). 착유율은 시료 3 kg을 곡물온도 170°C에서 5분간 볶은 후 압착식 착유기를 이용하여 착유 후 들깨 대비 들기름의 수율(%)을 측정, 산출하였다.
육성경위
‘들샘’은 종실수확을 목적으로 하는 들깨 품종육성을 위하여 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서 2003년 하계에 ‘YPS139’를 모본으로 하고, ‘대실들깨’를 부본으로 하여 인공교배한 후 ‘04-’05년도에 F1, F2세대를 양성하였다. 계통육종법에 따라 세대를 진전시키면서 종피가 부드러운 ‘YPS142-B-28-1- 3-2-2’를 선발하여 ‘밀양57호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2011년부터 2013년까지 3개년 간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과, 수량성과 기능성이 우수하고, 종실특성도 좋아 2013년 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에 상정하고 ‘들샘’으로 명명, 신품종으로 등록하게 되었다(RDA 2013). 그 육성경위를 도식화하면 Fig. 1과 같다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of a new perilla variety, ‘Deulsaem’.
KJBS_50_161_fig_1.jpg
고유특성
‘들샘’의 고유특성은 ‘새엽실들깨’와 같이 꽃색은 흰색이고, 줄기색과 잎색은 녹색이다. 종자 종자 모양은 ‘새엽실들깨’와 같은 모양인 구형이지만 종피색은 ‘새엽실들깨’는 연한갈색임에 반해 ‘들샘’은 시장 선호도가 높은 진한 갈색으로 구별된다(Table 1).
Table 1
Qualitative characteristics of ‘Deulsaem’(Miryang, NICS, ‘13).
Table 1
Cultivar Stem color Flower color Leaf color Seed
front back color shape
Deulsaem Green White Green Green Brown Spherical
Saeyeopsil Green White Green Green Light Brown Spherical
일반특성
‘들샘’은 성숙기가 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’(Saeyeopsildeulkkae)와 비슷한 10월 8일경이며, 경장이 134 cm, 분지수, 마디수가 각각 13개로 ‘새엽실들깨’와 비슷한 초형 특성을 나타낸다. 화방군 특성으로 화방군장이 10.4 cm로 길며, 화방군수가 77개, 화방군당 삭수도 38개로 많다. 1,000립중이 3.4 g으로 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 가벼운 중립종이고, 종피경도가 낮아 부드럽다(Table 2).
Table 2
Quantitative characteristics of ‘Deulsaem’ determined by regional yield trial from 2011 to 2013.
Table 2
Cultivar Maturing Date Plant height (cm) No. of FCzper plant No. of Ear per cluster Length of FCz (cm) 1,000 grain wt. (g) Seed Hardness(g)
Deulsaem Oct. 8 134±17.1 77±8.0 38±2.5 10.4±1.4 3.4±0.1 372
Saeyeopsil Oct. 7 137±16.8 61±1.5 30±2.9 8.8±1.9 5.2±0.3 1,024

zFC: Flower Cluster

품질특성
‘들샘’은 조지방 함량은 42.7%로 표준품종인 ‘새엽실들깨’보다 5.9% 더 높은 특성을 보이고 있다. 착유율은 39.4%로 표준품종 대비 8.9% 더 많아 가공업체의 선호도가 높을 것으로 보인다. 지방산 조성에서는 ‘새엽실들깨’와 비슷하나 올레산이 16.3%로 다소 높고 리놀렌산은 61.0%를 나타내었다. 항당뇨 및 미백 활성을 가지고 있는 루테올린이 133 μg/g 함유되어 있어, 기능성 식품 원료곡으로 유망하다(Table 3).
Table 3
Major components of seed in ‘Deulsaem’ estimated from 2011 to 2013.
Table 3
Cultivar Oil content (%) Crude Oil (%) Crude protein (%) Fatty acid composition (%) Polyphenol compoundy (µg/g)
Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Rosmarinic acid Luteoline Apigenin
Deulsaem 39.4 42.7 24.8 5.8 2.5 16.3 14.5 61.0 944 133 79
Saeyeopsil 30.5 36.8 23.6 6.4 2.3 14.4 14.3 62.5 974 7 trx
t-valuez -4.73 -2.95 0.79ns 1.67ns -0.77ns -0.69ns -0.43ns 0.76ns - - -

zns is not significantly different between Saeyeopsil and Deulsaem at 0.05 by student t-test.

yresult of 2013

xtr is trace

수량성
‘들샘’은 ‘09~’10년 2개년간 하계에 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 1 ha당 평균 수량이 0.97 MT으로 표준품종에 비해 97% 수준이었으며(Table 4), 5개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과에서는 1 ha당 1.42 MT으로 표준품종 대비 5% 증수되었다(Table 5).
Table 4
Yield of ‘Deulsaem’ on yield trials carried out at Miryang.
Table 4
Cultivar Grain Yield (MT/ha) Index
’09 ’10 Mean
Deulsaem 1.20 0.75 0.97 97
Saeyeopsil 1.03 0.97 100 100
Table 5
Yield of ‘Deulsaem’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations.
Table 5
Locations Deulsaem (MT/ha) Index (A/B*100) Saeyeopsil (MT/ha)
’11 ’12 ’13 Mean(A) ’11 ’12 ’13 Mean(B)
Chuncheon 1.67 1.36 - 1.52 102 1.73 1.25 - 1.49
Suwon - - 1.04 1.04 99 - - 1.05 1.05
Cheongwon 1.09 2.14 1.98 1.74 107 0.93 1.87 2.05 1.62
Iksan 1.28 1.50 1.53 1.44 111 1.34 1.17 1.36 1.29
Miryang 0.84 1.09 1.46 1.13 97 0.96 1.06 1.47 1.16
Mean 1.22 1.52 1.50 1.42 105 1.24 1.34 1.48 1.35
T0.05=0.4023z

zIt means significantly difference between cultivars at 5% level [0.4023*>t(0.05, 11)=1.717].

적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘들샘’은 종실 및 기름용으로 키가 작고 도복에 강해 전국에서 재배가 가능한 품종이다. 또한 종실용으로 육성된 품종으로 잎전용으로 재배할 경우 잎수량이 감소될 수 있으므로 종실전용으로만 재배하는 것이 좋으며, 가로등이나 차량 불빛이 비치는 곳에서는 꽃눈 분화가 억제되어 종실수량이 감소되므로 재배를 삼가야 한다.
‘들샘’은 종실수확을 목적으로 하는 품종육성을 위하여 2003년 하계에 ‘YPS139’를 모본으로 하고, ‘대실들깨’를 부본으로 인공교배하여 계통육종법으로 선발한 ‘YPS142-B-28-1-3-2-2’계통으로 계통명은 ‘밀양57호’이며 주요특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다.
‘들샘’은 잎과 줄기색이 녹색이고, 화색은 흰색, 종자는 갈색의 구형이다. 화방군당삭수가 많고 화방군장이 길다. 기름함량이 39.4%이고 조지방함량은 42.7%이며, 지방산 중 리놀렌산은 61.0%이다. ‘들샘’은 ‘09~’10년 2개년간 하계에 생산력검정시험을 실시한 결과 1 ha당 평균 수량이 0.97 MT으로 표준품종에 비해 97% 수준이었으며, 5개 지역에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과에서는 1 ha당 1.42 MT으로 표준품종보다 5% 증수하였다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 시험연구사업(세부과제명: 들깨 고품질 내재해 기능성 신품종 개발, 과제번호 : PJ01015904)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
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  • Lee MH, Jung CS, Pae SB, Hwang CD, Park JH, Shim KB, Park KY, Kim HK, Park SK, Ha TJ. 2009. Variation of Caffeic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Luteolin and Apigenin Contents in Perilla Germplasm. Korean J Breed Sci 41: 391-396.
  • Lee MH, Jung CS, Oh KW, Park CB, Kim DG, Choi JK, Nam SY. 2011. A New Perilla Cultivar for Edible Seed ‘Dayu’ with High Oil Content. Korean J Breed Sci 43: 616-619.
  • Lee MH, Jung CS, Ha TJ, Pae SB, Hwang JD, Park CH, Shim KB, Park KY, Ahn JG. 2014. ‘Soim’ a High Yielding Edible Tender Leaves Producing Perilla Cultivar. Korean J Breed Sci 46: 178-182.
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  • Rural Development Administration2014. 2013 Committee Report to Select New Variety of Job Accomplishment in Agricultural Crop 346-350.

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Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Deulsaem’ with High Yield and Oil Content for Edible Seed
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(2):161-164.   Published online June 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.2.161
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Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Deulsaem’ with High Yield and Oil Content for Edible Seed
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2018;50(2):161-164.   Published online June 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2018.50.2.161
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Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Deulsaem’ with High Yield and Oil Content for Edible Seed
Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of a new perilla variety, ‘Deulsaem’.

Fig. 1

Development of Perilla Cultivar ‘Deulsaem’ with High Yield and Oil Content for Edible Seed

Qualitative characteristics of ‘Deulsaem’(Miryang, NICS, ‘13).

Cultivar Stem color Flower color Leaf color Seed
front back color shape
Deulsaem Green White Green Green Brown Spherical
Saeyeopsil Green White Green Green Light Brown Spherical

Quantitative characteristics of ‘Deulsaem’ determined by regional yield trial from 2011 to 2013.

Cultivar Maturing Date Plant height (cm) No. of FCzper plant No. of Ear per cluster Length of FCz (cm) 1,000 grain wt. (g) Seed Hardness(g)
Deulsaem Oct. 8 134±17.1 77±8.0 38±2.5 10.4±1.4 3.4±0.1 372
Saeyeopsil Oct. 7 137±16.8 61±1.5 30±2.9 8.8±1.9 5.2±0.3 1,024

zFC: Flower Cluster

Major components of seed in ‘Deulsaem’ estimated from 2011 to 2013.

Cultivar Oil content (%) Crude Oil (%) Crude protein (%) Fatty acid composition (%) Polyphenol compoundy (µg/g)
Palmitic acid Stearic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Rosmarinic acid Luteoline Apigenin
Deulsaem 39.4 42.7 24.8 5.8 2.5 16.3 14.5 61.0 944 133 79
Saeyeopsil 30.5 36.8 23.6 6.4 2.3 14.4 14.3 62.5 974 7 trx
t-valuez -4.73 -2.95 0.79ns 1.67ns -0.77ns -0.69ns -0.43ns 0.76ns - - -

zns is not significantly different between Saeyeopsil and Deulsaem at 0.05 by student t-test.

yresult of 2013

xtr is trace

Yield of ‘Deulsaem’ on yield trials carried out at Miryang.

Cultivar Grain Yield (MT/ha) Index
’09 ’10 Mean
Deulsaem 1.20 0.75 0.97 97
Saeyeopsil 1.03 0.97 100 100

Yield of ‘Deulsaem’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations.

Locations Deulsaem (MT/ha) Index (A/B*100) Saeyeopsil (MT/ha)
’11 ’12 ’13 Mean(A) ’11 ’12 ’13 Mean(B)
Chuncheon 1.67 1.36 - 1.52 102 1.73 1.25 - 1.49
Suwon - - 1.04 1.04 99 - - 1.05 1.05
Cheongwon 1.09 2.14 1.98 1.74 107 0.93 1.87 2.05 1.62
Iksan 1.28 1.50 1.53 1.44 111 1.34 1.17 1.36 1.29
Miryang 0.84 1.09 1.46 1.13 97 0.96 1.06 1.47 1.16
Mean 1.22 1.52 1.50 1.42 105 1.24 1.34 1.48 1.35
T0.05=0.4023z

zIt means significantly difference between cultivars at 5% level [0.4023*>t(0.05, 11)=1.717].

Table 1 Qualitative characteristics of ‘Deulsaem’(Miryang, NICS, ‘13).
Table 2 Quantitative characteristics of ‘Deulsaem’ determined by regional yield trial from 2011 to 2013.

FC: Flower Cluster

Table 3 Major components of seed in ‘Deulsaem’ estimated from 2011 to 2013.

ns is not significantly different between Saeyeopsil and Deulsaem at 0.05 by student t-test.

result of 2013

tr is trace

Table 4 Yield of ‘Deulsaem’ on yield trials carried out at Miryang.
Table 5 Yield of ‘Deulsaem’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 5 locations.

It means significantly difference between cultivars at 5% level [0.4023*>t(0.05, 11)=1.717].

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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