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고품질 대립계 무핵포도 신품종 ‘스위트 드림’

A Seedless Table Grape Variety with High Quality and Large Berries, ‘Sweet Dream’

Young-Sik Park1, Jae-Yun Heo2, Nam-Yong Um1, Sun-Bai Bang1, Sung-Min Park2,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2015;47(4):421-424.
Published online: November 30, 2015

1 강원도농업기술원

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*Corresponding author (Parksm@kangwon.ac.kr, Tel: +82- 33-250-6424, Fax: +82-33-250-6420)
• Received: September 10, 2015   • Revised: November 26, 2015   • Accepted: December 4, 2015

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  • ‘Sweet Dream’(Vitis complex), a new triploid seedless grape cultivar, is developed from the grape breeding program at Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2009. ‘Sweet Dream’ was obtained from a cross ‘Honey Black’(Vitis complex) and ‘Campbell Early’(Vitis labrusca), a diploid x tetraploid grape cultivar. Characteristics of fruits and vines in ‘Sweet Dream’ were observed from 2006 to 2008, and ‘Sweet Dream’ was finally selected in 2009. Its optimum harvest time in Chuncheon is September 11, 12 days later than ‘Campbell Early’. ‘Sweet Dream’ has strong vine vigor and moderate freezing tolerance, with no bud damage occurring during winter in Chuncheon. The average weight of a cluster is 440g, and its average soluble solids concentration is 16.4 °Brix. It is seedless and has larger fruit size and better fruit quality than ‘Campbell Early’. It, therefore, is expected that introduction of ‘Sweet Dream’ could contribute to the diversification and gentrification of Korean grape cultivars (Registration No. 4359).
2000년 기준으로 2만 9천 ha에 이르렀던 국내에서의 포도 재배면적은 농산물 시장 개방에 따른 대체 과일과 고품질 외 국산 포도들의 수입의 여파로 인해 꾸준히 감소하여 2013년에 1만 6천 ha 수준에 머무르고 있으며, 이와 함께 생산량도 47만 6천 톤에서 26만 톤으로 급감하였다. 현재 국내의 품종 구성을 보면 병저항성이 높고 재배가 용이한 ‘캠벨얼리(Campbell Early)’가 전체 생산량의 70% 이상을 차지하고 있고, 이외에 대립계인 ‘거봉(Kyoho)’과 특유의 향을 가지고 있는 ‘MBA’ 가 각각 10% 정도의 점유율로 3개의 포도 품종이 국내 포도 재배면적의 90% 이상을 차지하고 있다(Kim et al. 2014, Lee et al. 2014). 따라서 국내의 포도 농가는 특정기간에 포도의 과잉 공급으로 인해서 도매 단가의 약화를 피하기 어려우며, 국내의 소비자들은 소득수준의 향상과 농산물 수입개방으로 인해 과실의 구입 기준이 높아지고 다양화 되었음에도 불구하 고 다양한 선택권을 가지기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 2014년 부터 무관세 혜택을 받기 시작한 칠레산 포도와 계절 관세율이 낮아진 미국산 포도들의 수입 공세에 대응하여 국내 포도시장 의 경쟁력 약화는 피하기 어려울 것으로 예상되고 있다.
포도 농가의 소득수준과 소비자 만족도의 향상을 통해 국 내 포도산업의 경쟁력을 향상시키기 위해서는 높은 수준의 품질과 생산성을 가진 다양한 품종의 보급 또는 육성이 요구 되고 있다. 생식용 포도의 육종이 시작되면서부터 중요한 육 종 목표로 고려되어 왔던 요소로는 당도, 산도, 육질, 향기, 색 택과 과립 크기 등이 있다. 최근에 들어서는 소비수준의 향상 과 육종 기법의 발달로 인해 무핵과에 대한 중요성이 인식되 기 시작하여 대부분의 생식용 포도 육종 프로그램에서 대립 특성과 함께 무핵과 품종 육성이 주요 육종 목표로 다뤄지고 있다(Hur et al. 2014). 무핵포도는 생식용으로서 소비자의 기호도를 충족시켜 주는 것 외에 가공용으로도 활용 가능하 기 때문에 경제적인 관점에서도 매우 큰 가치를 가지고 있다. 현재 일부 농가를 중심으로 세계적으로 품질을 인정받고 있 는 무핵포도인 ‘킹델라(King De La)’ 재배를 시도하고 있지 만, ‘킹델라’의 경우 국내 재배환경에 적응하지 못하여 착색 지연과 열과 등의 문제가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 따라서 국내 의 재배환경에서 쉽게 적응하고 재배될 수 있는 국내 고유의 고품질 무핵포도의 육성 노력이 보다 절실한 상황이다. 포도 에서 무핵포도를 육성하기 위하여 다양한 방법들이 소개된 바 있으며, 그 중 하나로서 화분·배낭임성에 의해서 종자가 발생하지 않는 3배체 계통의 육성법이 제시된 바 있다(Heo et al. 2007). 3배체 포도는 지베렐린의 1회 처리만으로도 대립 계의 무핵포도의 유도가 가능하고, 그들의 양친에 비해서도 생육특성이 우수한 장점을 기대할 수 있다(Park 2011). 강원 도 농업기술원에서는 1990년대 후반부터 다양한 색깔과 고품 질을 가진 무핵포도를 육성하기 위해 배수체간 교배를 통해 서 3배체 무핵포도 육성을 추진해 왔다. 그 결과 국내에서 상 대적으로 재배적 여건이 불리한 춘천의 환경에서도 잘 적응 하고 품질이 우수한 대립계 3배체 무핵 포도 ‘스위트 드림 (Sweet Dream)’을 육성해 내었기에 그 결과를 보고하고자 한다.
‘스위트 드림’은 1999년 강원도 농업기술원 과수원에 재식 되어 있는 고당도의 조생종 4배체 ‘허니블랙(Honey Black)’ 품종을 모본으로 병저항성이 우수한 2배체 ‘캠벨얼리’ 품종을 부본으로 하여 인공 수분 후 획득한 교배 종자를 파종, 육묘하 여 육성하였다. 2001년 교배를 통해서 획득 된 실생 개체들은 강원도농업기술원 과수원의 노지에 4 m × 2 m의 간격으로 재식 되었다. 각 실생들의 수체와 과실의 특성 검정은 농사시 험연구 기준(RDA 1995)에 따라 조사하였으며 품종출원을 위 한 세부특성 조사는 UPOV 조사기준(UPOV 1994)에 따라 실 시하였다. 발아기는 식물체에서 50%의 눈이 발아된 시기, 개 화기는 1 ~ 2화방의 개화가 50% 이상 된 시기, 변색기는 과방 의 20 ~ 30%가 착색된 시기, 숙기는 전 과실의 70 ~ 80%가 성숙한 시기를 기준으로 하여 2005년부터 2007년까지 3년간 조사 된 일수의 평균을 표기하였다. 포도 잎의 안토시아닌 발 현 정도는 잎 앞면 주엽맥을 조사하였으며, 모용의 밀도는 잎 뒷면 주엽맥간의 포복성 모용 밀도를 조사하여 각각 매우약, 약, 중, 강, 극강의 5단계로 분석하였다. 과중은 20과방을 수확 하여 전자저울을 이용하여 g단위로, 과립 종경과 횡경은 과립 20개를 채취하여 버니어캘리퍼스(530, Mitutoyo, Japan)를 이 용하여 mm단위로 측정하였다. 포도의 적정 산도는 시료의 과 육부를 마쇄하여 얻은 착즙액 5 ml를 취한 후 5배로 희석하 여, 이 희석액을 0.1N NaOH로 pH 8.2까지 적정하여 소비된 양을 tartaric acid로 환산하여 나타내었다. 가용성 당함량은 산도를 측정하기 위해 착즙한 시료를 휴대용 디지털 굴절 당 도계(PR-101, Atago Co., USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 동 계전정은 모두 단초전정을 하였고, 생육기간 동안 신초는 무 전정의 하수축형으로 유인하였다. 재배기간 동안 초생재배를 통해서 잡초 관리하였으며 관수는 따로 하지 않았다. 겨울철 월동을 위해서는 볏짚을 이용하여 수체를 피복하였고, 재배기 간 동안의 신초정리 및 병해충관리 등은 일반적인 포도재배에 적합한 포도과원 표준관리지침에 준하여 실시하였다.
육성경위
2002년 강원도농업기술원 과수원에서 ‘허니블랙’과 ‘캠벨 얼리’를 교배하여 획득한 종자를 파종, 육묘하여 획득한 42개 의 실생계통 중 2005년 생육이 안정적으로 이루어진 35개의 계통을 1차 선발하였다. 선발 된 계통들은 배수체 검정을 위 하여 Park et al.(1999)과 방법으로 염색체 수를 조사 한 후, 2006년부터 2008년까지 국내에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 ‘캠벨엘리’를 대조품종으로 하여 수체와 과실특성을 실시하 였으며, 실험결과 수체와 과실의 특성이 안정적이고 우수하게 발현되는 3배체 무핵포도인 ‘GWT-77’를 최종 선발하여, ‘스 위트 드림(Sweet Dream)’으로 명명하였다(Fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
Pedigree of ‘Sweet Dream’(Vitis complex) grape.
KJBS-47-421_F1.gif
주요특성
춘천 지역에서 ‘스위트 드림’의 발아기는 4월 20일, 만개기 는 6월 7일로 대조품종 보다 느리며, 숙기도 9월 11일로 12 일 정도 느린 중생종 품종이다(Table 1). ‘스위트 드림’의 어 린신초 앞면색은 황색이며, 성엽의 상열각의 깊이는 매우 깊 고, 신초 절간의 직립성 모용밀도는 없다. ‘스위트 드림’의 열 각수는 5개이고, 상열각 모양은 반열림형이다. 성엽 앞면의 주맥상의 안토시아닌은 대조품종보다 적고 포복성 모용의 밀 도도 대조품종에 비하여 다소 적다. 기타 주요한 옆의 형태적 특성은 대조품종과 동일하거나 비슷하다.
Table 1.
Tree and fruit characteristics of ‘Sweet Dream’ and ‘Campbell Early’ grapes. Values are means recorded from 2006-2008 in Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Table 1.
Cultivar Tree characteristics Fruit characteristics
Vigor Sprouting date Flowering date Freezing tolerance Harvest date Cluster weight (g) Cluster shape Berry weight (g) Berry shape Berry skin color Total soluble solids (°BX) Titratable acidity (%) Aroma
Sweet Dream vigorous 20 April 7 June moderate 31 August 443.4 conical 8.7 circular black 16.2 0.41 no
Campbell Early vigorous 19 April 29 May moderate 11 September 402.5 conical 6.5 circular black 14.0 0.64 yes(fox)
‘스위트 드림’의 과실이 완전히 성숙하였을 시, 과피의 색 깔은 대조품종과 같은 흑색이며 과형과 과립형은 각각 원추 형과 원형으로 발현된다. 과립은 밀착되어 있으나 알이 작아 알솎기 작업이 필요치 않으며 과방형이 정형화되어 상품성이 높다(Fig. 2). 또한 대조품종인 ‘캠벨얼리’와 마찬가지로 화진 현상이 적어 착립율이 높다. 과방의 평균 무게는 433.4 g으로 ‘캠벨얼리’에 비해 31 g 정도 무거우며, 과립의 크기도 8.7 g 으로 대조 품종에 비해 2.2 g 정도 크다. ‘스위트 드림’의 가 용성 당함량은 16.2°Bx이며, 산도는 0.41%로 낮아 고당저산 으로 식미가 우수하다. ‘스위트 드림’의 과피는 두꺼워 열과 가 잘 일어나지 않는다. ‘스위트 드림’의 육질은 단단하며 주 스 함량은 대조품종에 비해 다소 적다. 과실의 향기는 fox향 을 나타내는 ‘캠벨얼리’와 달리 특별한 향은 나타나지 않는다.
Fig. 2.
Fruit appearance of newly bred ‘Sweet Dream’ grape at harvesting season.
KJBS-47-421_F2.gif
재배상 유의점 및 보급전망
‘스위트 드림’은 수세가 강한 편이므로 순정리를 통하여 안 정적 착과와 수세를 조절할 필요성이 있는 품종이다. ‘스위트 드림’은 화분 발아율이 0%이기 때문에 대립계의 과실을 획득 하기 위해서는 화방이 만개가 된 시기에 지베렐린 100ppm의 1회 처리가 필수적이다. ‘스위트 드림’은 -20℃의 노지 조건 에서도 수체의 피복 처리만으로 동해 피해가 발생하지 않으 며 재배하는 농가에서 비교적 재배 및 관리가 용이한 품종이 다. 또한 ‘스위트 드림’의 경우 시설에서 재배 시 8월말경에 수확이 가능하기 때문에 ‘캠벨엘리’ 대체 품종으로도 활용 가 능성이 있다. 따라서 ‘스위트 드림’은 상대적으로 열악한 지 리적 기후 특성에도 잘 적응할 뿐만 아니라 소비자의 선호도 가 높은 무핵 포도로서의 생산이 가능하며 일부 포도 품종의 편중에 따른 홍수출하의 예방할 수 있는 가능성이 있어 국내 포도시장의 경쟁력을 강화하는데 기여할 수 있는 품종으로 기대된다.
‘스위트 드림’은 2009년 강원도 농업기술원의 포도육종 프 로그램에 랙’과 2배체 품종인 ‘캠벨얼리’에 교잡을 통해서 얻 어졌다. ‘스위트 드림’의 과실과 나무의 생육 특성은 2006년부 터 2008년까지 조사되었으며, 2009년 최종 선발되었다. 춘천 에서 ‘스위트 드림’의 최적 수확기는 9월 11일로 대조품종인 ‘캠벨얼리’보다 11일 가량 늦다. ‘스위트 드림’은 수세가 강하 며, 춘천에서 겨울 동안 동해 피해가 발생하지 않아 적당한 수 준의 내한성을 가지고 있다. ‘스위트 드림’의 평균 과방중은 440 g 수준이며, 평균가용성 당함량은 16.4 °Brix이다. ‘스위 트 드림’은 무핵포도로서 ‘캠벨얼리’ 보다 큰 과실과 고품질을 가지고 있다. 따라서 ‘스위트 드림’의 보급은 국내 포도 품종의 다양화와 고급화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 포도 신품종 보급 확대를 위한 품종 별 핵심연장애로기술 개발(과제번호 PJ010907) 및 강원대학 교 교내 연구비 지원사업(과제번호 120131354)의 지원에 의 해 이루어진 결과로 이에 감사드립니다.
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A Seedless Table Grape Variety with High Quality and Large Berries, ‘Sweet Dream’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(4):421-424.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.4.421
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A Seedless Table Grape Variety with High Quality and Large Berries, ‘Sweet Dream’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2015;47(4):421-424.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2015.47.4.421
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A Seedless Table Grape Variety with High Quality and Large Berries, ‘Sweet Dream’
Image Image
Fig. 1. Pedigree of ‘Sweet Dream’(Vitis complex) grape.
Fig. 2. Fruit appearance of newly bred ‘Sweet Dream’ grape at harvesting season.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

A Seedless Table Grape Variety with High Quality and Large Berries, ‘Sweet Dream’

Tree and fruit characteristics of ‘Sweet Dream’ and ‘Campbell Early’ grapes. Values are means recorded from 2006-2008 in Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.

Cultivar Tree characteristics Fruit characteristics
Vigor Sprouting date Flowering date Freezing tolerance Harvest date Cluster weight (g) Cluster shape Berry weight (g) Berry shape Berry skin color Total soluble solids (°BX) Titratable acidity (%) Aroma
Sweet Dream vigorous 20 April 7 June moderate 31 August 443.4 conical 8.7 circular black 16.2 0.41 no
Campbell Early vigorous 19 April 29 May moderate 11 September 402.5 conical 6.5 circular black 14.0 0.64 yes(fox)
Table 1. Tree and fruit characteristics of ‘Sweet Dream’ and ‘Campbell Early’ grapes. Values are means recorded from 2006-2008 in Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.

Table 1.

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