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ARTICLE

Naked Waxy Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar

Mi-Ja Lee*, Yang-Kil Kim, Jong-Chul Park, Mi-Jeong Kim, Jong-Nae Hyun, Jae-Seong Choi, Ki-Hun Park

Published online: November 30, 2014

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*Corresponding Author : esilvia@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63- 840-2257, Fax: +82-63-840-2116)
• Received: August 12, 2014   • Revised: August 25, 2014   • Accepted: November 5, 2014

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  • A new six-rowed hull-less barley cultivar ‘Boseokchal’ with high anthocyanin content and purple lemma was developed from the cross between ‘Chalssalbori’ and ‘Hamangunbuk Chalssalbori’ by National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2008. ‘Chalssalbori’ has good winter hardness, lodging tolerance, and cooking property and ‘Hamangunbuk Chalssalbori’ possess waxy endosperm and purple lemma. An elite line CNY121-B-94323 was selected in 2003 and designated as ‘Iksan 87’. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2006 to 2008 and was released with the name of ‘Boseokchal’ possessing high anthocyanin content and purple lemma waxy endosperm. The average heading and maturing dates of ‘Boseokchal’ were April 23 and May 29 in paddy field, which were one day earlier and same compare with those of the check cultivar ‘Saechalssalbori’ respectively. It had 87 cm of culm length and 5.0 cm of spike length. It showed 601 spikes per m2, 61 grains per spike, 29.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 780 g of test weight. ‘Boseokchal’ showed better resistance to BaYMV (Barley yellow mosaic virus) and higher water absorption rate and expansion rate than those of the check cultivar. Its average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial was 3.44 MT/ha in upland, and 3.56 MT/ha in paddy field, which were 5% lower and 1% higher than those of the check cultivar, respectively. Anthocyanin content was 180 μg/g that was higher than that of the check cultivar.
건강에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 기능성 성분과 항산화 물질이 함유된 열매나 곡물을 개발하는 연구가 활발히 진행 되고 있다. 항산화물질은 인간의 생명연장을 하는 여러 가지 에너지에 손상을 주는 활성산소 피해를 가장 빨리 최소화시 키는 능력을 가지고 있다. 활성산소가 많이 발생되면 노화가 빨리 되고 생명력을 잃게 된다. 그래서 활성산소에 대비하는 항산화물질에 대한 관심이 최근 급부상하고 있으며 그 중 하 나가 안토시아닌이다. 안토시아닌의 항산화효과로는 항당뇨 작용, 콜레스테롤저하, 항암, 항궤양 및 항혈전성 억제작용, 소염 및 살균, 노화방지, 시력보호 등이 알려져 있으며(Hyun et al. 2004, Ryu et al. 2006), 최근 들어 항산화 화합물을 천 연물에서 얻고자하는 관심이 증가되고 있다(Lee et al. 2004). 쌀의 경우 유색으로 건강기능 효과가 우수한 흑진주 벼가 개발되 었으며, 안토시아닌으로 Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), Cyanidinn- 3-rhamnoside, malvidin-3-galactoside 및 peonidin-3-glucoside 등이 대표적인 안토시아닌 화합물로 확인되었으며, 특히 C3G 의 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 보고되었다(Ryu et al. 2006). 보 리는 쌀과 더불어 그 동안 우리의 기본식량으로 큰 몫을 차지 하여 왔으나 근래에 국민의 식량 소비구조가 변화됨에 따라 보리소비가 크게 줄어들고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 보리의 대 표적인 식이섬유인 (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucan이 체내 혈중 콜 레스테롤을 저하시킨다고 알려져 있는 등(Newman et al. 1989, Lee 1996, 2001, Lee et al. 1997) 영양학적 기능성이 매우 우수한 건강식품 소재로서 식품학적 가치가 한층 높아지고 있다. 최근 개발되고 있는 유색보리는 안토시아닌이라는 항산 화 성분을 포함하고 있어 기능성 식품으로 주목받고 있다 (Choi et al. 2007, Lee et al. 2011a, 2012b, Kim et al. 2007). 본 연구에서는 새로운 기능성 건강 식품으로서 보리 소비 촉진을 위하여 항산화활성이 높은 안토시아닌을 함유한 유색보리 품종 개발에 대한 연구 결과 안토시아닌 함량이 높 은 ‘보석찰’을 육성하게 되어 본 품종의 육성경위와 주요 특 성을 보고하고자 한다.
보석찰쌀보리의 지역적응시험은 2006년부터 3개년 동안 전작재배는 경기도 수원, 충북청원에서 답리작 재배는 전북 익산, 전남 나주와 경남 진주에서 대비품종인 새찰쌀보리와 비교 검토하였으며(RDA, 2006, 2007, 2008), 지역별 표준재 배로 수행하였다. 생육조사는 내병성, 내습성, 내도복성, 흰가 루병, 보리호위축병 및 수량구성요소를 조사하였으며, 조사 및 평가 방법은 농업과학기술 연구 조사 분석 기준(RDA, 2003)에 준하였다. 병해검정 중 흰가루병은 수원, 익산지역 포장(비닐하우스)에서 Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei 병원 균을 접종 2주 후 조사하였으며, 발병심도를 0~9 및 괴사정 도로 판정하였다. 보리호위축병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV) 검정은 지역별 상습발병포장인 익산(strain Ⅲ형), 나주(strain Ⅰ형), 진주(strain Ⅳ형)지역에서 자연 발생을 유 도하였고 백동품종을 체크품종으로 하여 이병정도(0-9)를 3 월 상순에서 4월 상순 사이에 조사하였다(Park et al. 2009). 내한성 검정은 경기도 연천 시험지에서 9월 하순에 파종하여 월동 후 고사주율(%)을 조사하였다.
품질 분석은 조곡에서 단백질과 회분, 수분함량을 분석하 였으며, 정곡에서 베타글루칸, 회분, 아밀로스, 프로안토시아 니딘, 안토시아닌, 취반특성 등을 분석하였다. 수분과 회분 함 량은 각각 AACC 방법(2000) 44-15A와 08-01에 준하여 측 정하였다. 시료는 Satake 시험 도정기로 정맥수율 77%로 정 맥하였다. 모든 성분 분석에는 조곡과 정곡을 0.5 mm체가 장 착된 Retsch centrifugal mill (Model Dm/Zm 100)로 분쇄한 분말시료를 사용하였다. 단백질분석은 Elementar Analyzer System (US/Vario)를 이용하여 분석한 총 질소함량에 켈달 장치를 이용하여 분석한 값과 비교하여 얻어진 conversion factor를 곱하여서 구하였다. β-glucan 분석은 Mcclary 방법 (Mccleary & Glennie-Holmes 1985)을 이용한 Megazyme kit를 이용하여 510 nm에서 흡광도로 분석하였다. 백도는 Kett (Kett Electic Laboratory C-300-3)으로 3회 측정하였 다. 취반에 따른 정맥의 수분흡수율, 퍼짐성, 용출고형물은 Shinjiro (1965)등의 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 보리쌀 5 g을 20 ml D.W (distilled water)가 들어있는 메스실린더에 넣은 후 부피(a)를 읽고, 이 시료를 평량한 알루미늄망(자체제 작)에 넣어서 증류수를 제거한 후 이 망을 100 ml 비이커에 넣고 충분히 끓는 물 80 ml를 부어 알루미늄 호일로 덮어 150°C 건조기에서 40분간 취반하였다. 취반된 시료를 꺼내어 10회 정도 물기를 털어준 다음 비이커에 60°정도 기울여 놓 고, 10분 후 무게(b)를 측정하고 이 시료를 20 ml D.W가 들 어 있는 메스실린더에 옮기고 부피(c)를 측정하였다. 100 ml 비이커에 남아 있는 고형물을 건조기에 넣고 75°C-80°C에서 16시간 정도 건조시킨 후 꺼내어 데시케이터에 넣고 30분 후 무게를 재고 다음 식으로 흡수율과 퍼짐성 및 용출고형물을 계산하였다.
흡수율(%) =흡수 후 무게(b)-(시료+망무게)시료무게×100
퍼짐성(%) = 취반 후 부피(c) ÷ 취반 전 시료부피(a) × 100
용출고형물(%) = (건조후 고형물 - 비이커 무게) ÷ 시료무게 × 100
총폴리페놀 함량은 gallic acid를 표준물로 하여 Folin-Denis 방법(Official methods of analysis of the Association of official Analytical Chemists)으로 분석하였다(So et al. 2002). 분쇄한 시료 1 g을 20 ml 80% MeOH로 24시간 추출한 후 10분간 200 rpm으로 원심분리 상등액을 분석에 이용하였다. 상등액 500 μl와 증류수 1 ml, Folin 시약(10%) 2.5 ml를 3 분간 반응시킨 후 Na2CO3 1 ml를 첨가하여 1시간 반응시켜 760 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다.
안토시아닌 함량 분석은 Kim et al. (1998)의 분석을 수정 한 것으로 안토시아닌 분석에 사용한 표준시약인 cyanidin- 3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside은 Extrasynthese 에서 구입하였다. 표준용액은 0.1% HCl을 포함하는 80% MeOH 수용액으로 100 ppm stock solution을 만들어 갈색병에 저장 하여 사용하였다. 안토시아닌 추출은 시료 0.2 g을 80% MeOH 수용액(0.1% HCl 포함) 2 mL로 4°C에서 24시간 추출하였 다. 추출용액은 10분간 원심분리(1000 g)하고, 상등액을 0.45 μm membrane filter (nylon, Titan)로 여과하고 HPLC (Waters Allience)로 분석하였다. HPLC분석 조건은 검출기는 Waters 2478 dual λ absorbance detector를 이용하여 520 nm, 컬럼 은 XTerra RP18 (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.)컬럼을 사용 하였고 주입 부피는 20 μl였다. 이때 이동상은 5% formic acid를 포함하는 증류수(solvent A)와 water/acetonitril/formic acid (50:45:5, v/v/v; solvent B)를 이용하였으며 분석시 용 매조성 변화는 0 min, 25% B; 10 min, 27% B; 44 min, 33% B; 50 min 100% B로 50분간 용매흐름속도는 0.9 mL/min 이었다. Megazyme β-glucan assay kit는 Megazyme Co. (International Ireland Ltd., Bray Business Park, Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland)에서 구입하였으며, 그 외 모든 시약은 1급 이상 시약을 사용하였다.
실험결과는 SAS Enterprise Guide 4.0 (Statistical analysis system, 2006, Cray, NC, USA)로 분석하고, 시료간의 유의 적인 차이는 Duncan’s multiple range test로 유의수준 5% (p<0.05)에서 검증하였다.
육성 경위
내재해 고품질 유색 찰쌀보리 품종을 육성하기 위하여 1996년에 도복과 내한성이 강하고 찰성으로 립백도와 정맥율 이 높으며 취반특성이 우수한 특성을 지닌 ‘찰쌀보리’와 자색 인 ‘함안군북찰쌀보리’를 인공교배 하였다. 1997년에 F1을 양 성한 후 이듬해 집단으로 F2를 전개하였고, 1999년과 2000년 에는 각각 F3, F4를 집단선발 하였으며, 2001년에는 F5를 계 통선발 하였다. 2003년에는 F7을 공시하여 우량시 되는 CNY121-B-94323 계통을 선발하여 2004년부터 2년간 생산 력검정시험을 실시한 결과, 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 자색영을 가진 우수 계통으로 판명되어 ‘익산87호’로 계통명을 부여하 여 2006년부터 3년간 전작재배는 수원 등 2개 지역, 답리작 재배는 익산 등 4개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다 (RDA, 2006, 2007, 2008). 그 결과, 답리작 적응성이 높으 며, 도복 등 내재해성에 강한 특성과 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 자색영을 가진 계통임이 입증되어 2008년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 신품종으로 선정됨과 동시에 ‘보석찰’ 로 명명하였다. 육성 경위는 Fig. 1과 같다.
Fig. 1.
Pedigree diagram of ‘Boseokchal’.
KJBS-46-456_F1.gif
주요 특성
보석찰쌀보리의 주요특성은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 이삭이 6조인 쌀보리로 파성이 Ⅲ이고 병성 type이며 잎색은 녹색이고 폭은 중정도로 길이는 길고, 까락이 길다. 이삭은 직 립형이고 밀도는 중간이며 종피색은 자색이다. 이삭의 색깔은 출수 후 21일경부터 발현되기 시작하여 이삭성숙이 끝난 후 퇴색되기 시작하였다. 이는 Song (2011)등이 보리에서 안토 시아닌이 출수 후 25일부터 검출되기 시작한다고 하는 결과 보다는 4일 빨랐다.
Table 1.
Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’.
Table 1.
Cultivars Growth habit Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length lemma
Color Length Width Width Diameter Type Density
Boseokchal III Hull-less Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed Medium Long purple
Saechalssal IV Hull-less Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed Medium Long yellow
출수기 및 성숙기는 Table 2에서와 같이 출수기는 전작 2 개 지역에서 평균이 5월 2일로 새찰쌀보리 보다 1일 빨랐으 며, 답리작 3개 지역에서 평균은 4월 23일로 새찰쌀보리와 같 았다. 성숙기는 전작에서 6월 5일, 답리작에서 5월 29일로 새 찰쌀보리와 같았다.
Table 2.
Heading and maturing dates of ‘Boseokchal’cultivated in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.
Table 2.
Field conditions Locations Heading date Maturing date
Boseokchal Saechalssal Boseokchal Saechalssal
Upland Suwon May 7 May 7 June 11 June 9
Cheongwon April 28 April 29 May 30 June 1
Mean May 2a May 3a June 5a June 5a
Paddy Iksan April 28 April 27 June 2 June 2
Naju April 24 April 26 May 31 June 2
Jinju April 17 April 18 May 24 May 23
Mean April 23a April 23a May 29a May 29a

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

생육 및 수량구성 요소는 Table 3에서와 같이 간장은 표준 품종인 새찰쌀보리 80 cm에 비해 7 cm정도 길었으나 연차간 변이에 따른 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 수장은 5.0 cm로 같았 으며, m2당 수수는 601로 새찰쌀보리보다 많았다. 1수립수는 61개로 새찰쌀보리보다 적었고, 천립중과 ℓ중은 새찰쌀보리 와 비슷하였다.
Table 3.
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’cultivated in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.
Table 3.
Cultivar Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike 1000-grain weight (g) Test weight (g)
Boseokchal 87a 5.0a 601a 61b 29.0a 780a
Saechalssal 80a 5.0a 553a 67a 30.0a 785a

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

내재해성 및 내병성은 Table 4에서와 같이 내한성은 고사 주율이 고휴 58%, 저휴 13%로 새찰쌀보리보와 비슷하였다. 도복 정도는 지적포장에서 2로 새찰쌀보리보다 약하였고, 보 리호위축병은 익산(strain Ⅲ형)과 나주(strainⅠ형)에서 새찰 쌀보리보다 강하였으며 그 외 지역에서는 저항성을 보였다. 흰가루병은 수원지역과 익산지역 포장에서 새찰쌀보리와 비 슷하였으며 발병심도와 감염형은 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하였다.
Table 4.
Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Boseokchal’tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.
Table 4.
Cultivar Winter killing ratez (%) Degree of lodging (0~9)w Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)w
Normal High ridge Infection type Infection degree (0~9)w Iksan (III) Milyang (IV) Naju (I) Jinju (IV)
Boseokchal 13a 58a 2a Susceptable 8a 2b 1a 0b 0a
Saechalssal 16a 47a 0a Susceptable 8a 7a 1a 4a 0a

zData tested at Yeoncheon

yMeans of Suwon, Iksan, and Milyang during RYT

xBarley Yellow Mosaic Virus

w0 : Resistence, 9 : Susceptible

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

품질특성
‘보석찰’의 조곡, 정곡 및 취반특성은 Table 5에서와 같이 조곡의 단백질 함량은 11.5%로 표준품종인 새찰쌀보리와 비 슷하였고. 총폴리페놀 함량도 0.150%로 새찰쌀보리와 비슷 하였다. Song 등(2005)은 유색보리의 평균 총폴리페놀함량은 0.283 mg/mL라고 하였으며 Baik과 Steven (2008)는 보리는 약 0.2-4% phenolic compound를 포함하며, polyphenols, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, catechin 등이 주요 phenolic compounds라고 하였다.
Table 5.
Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’.
Table 5.
Cultivar Protein content (%) Total phenol cont. (%) anthocyanin* (μg/g) Grain pearling Cooking quality
Whiteness β-glucan (%) Amylose (%) Water absorption rate(%) Expansion rate (%)
Boseokchal 11.5a* 0.677b 180.1a 31.6b 6.4a 4.9a 259a 457a
Saechalssal 12.0a 0.778a 0b 37.9a 6.6a 5.0a 248b 429b

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

안토시아닌 함량은 보석찰은 180.1 μg/g이었으나 새찰쌀보 리에서는 검출되지 않았다. 보석찰에 포함된 안토시아닌 성분 을 분석한 결과 Cyanidin과 Cya3g가 주요 성분이었으며 이 외에 Del이 다음으로 많았으며 Peo3g가 소량 포함되어 있었 다. 이외 Pel3g, Del3g와 Mal3g는 검출되지 않았다(Table 6). Mcfarlane 등(1995)은 유색보리에 cyanidin과 delphinidin을 확인하였고 미확인된 anthocyanin이 있음을 보고하였다. Jende-Strid (1978)는 노랑, 청색 또는 검정색의 보리종자에 delphinidin과 cyanidin이, 보라색 종자에는 pelargonidin이 함유되어 있다고 보고한 바와 같이 본 연구에서 새로 개발된 자색 쌀보리인 ‘보석찰’에서 delphinidin과 cyanidin은 검출 되었으나 pelargonidin은 검출되지 않았다.
Table 6.
Anthocyanin composition of ‘Boseokchal’.
Table 6.
Cultivar Anthocyanin (μg/g) Total (μg/g)
Cya3g Pel3g Peo3g Mal3g Del Cya
Boseokchal 76.3 ND 7.6 ND 23.3 72.9 180.1

zCya3g : Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Pel3g : Pelargonidin-3-glucoside, Peo3g : Peonidin-3-glucoside, Mal3g : Malvidin-3-glucoside, Del : Delphinidin, Cya : Cyanidin, ND : Not detected

보리는 평균적으로 전분 64%, 단백질 11%, β-glucan 5% 로 구성되어 있으며 나머지 20%는 수분, 지방, 회분, 섬유소, 그리고 소량의 비타민 등 미량성분들을 포함하고 있다(Cheigh et al. 1976). 신품종 ‘보석찰’쌀보리의 β-glucan과 아밀로스 함량은 각각 6.4%와 4.9%로 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하였으며, 취 반시 흡수율과 퍼짐성은 259%와 457%로 혼반용으로 이용되 고 있는 새찰쌀보리보다 다소 높아 좋은 취반 특성을 나타내 었다.
수량성
‘보석찰’의 수량성은 2006년부터 2008년까지 3개년간 실 시한 지역적응시험 전작 2개소 평균수량은 344 kg/10a으로 새찰쌀보리 보다 5% 감수하였고, 답리작 3개소 평균수량은 356 kg/10a으로 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하여 전체적인 수량성은 통계적인 차이가 없었다(Table 7).
Table 7.
Yield potential of ‘Boseokchal’in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.
Table 7.
Field Regions Boseokchal (MT/ha) Saechalssal (MT/ha) Index (a/b×100)
2006 2007 2008 Mean (a) 2006 2007 2008 Mean (b)
Upland Suwon 2.77 - - 2.77b 3.23 - 3.23a 86
Cheongwon 4.50 3.06 - 3.78a 4.28 3.31 - 3.80a 99
Mean 3.64 3.06 - 3.44 3.76 3.31 - 3.61 95
Paddy Iksan 3.14 3.11 4.21 3.49a 3.00 3.14 4.47 3.54a 99
Naju 3.45 3.29 3.54 3.43a 3.16 2.63 3.58 3.12a 110
Jinju 3.55 4.72 3.04 3.77a 3.65 4.77 3.29 3.90a 97
Mean 3.38 3.71 3.60 3.56 3.27 3.51 3.78 3.52 101

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

신품종 ‘보석찰’쌀보리는 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 자색 찰 성 쌀보리 신품종으로 국립식량과학원에서 도복과 내한성이 강하고 찰성으로 립백도와 정맥율이 높으며 취반특성이 우수 한 특성을 지닌 ‘찰쌀보리’와 ‘함안군북찰쌀보리’를 인공교배 한 후 계통육종법으로 육성하였다. 전작 및 답리작 지역적응 시험을 실시한 결과 답리작 적응성이 높으며, 도복 등 내재해 성에 강한 특성과 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 자색영을 가진 계 통임이 입증되었다. 출수기는 전작에서 새찰쌀보리보다 1일 빨랐으며, 답리작은 새찰쌀보리와 같았고, 성숙기는 전작과 답리작에서 새찰쌀보리와 같았다. 간장은 87 cm, 수장 5.0 cm, m2당 수수는 601개로 새찰쌀보리보다 많았고, 천립중은 29.0 g으로 소립종이었다. 단백질 함량은 표준품종인 새찰쌀 보리와 비슷하였다. 안토시아닌 함량은 180.1 μg/g이었으며, β-glucan과 아밀로스는 새찰쌀보리와 비슷하였으며, 흡수율 과 퍼짐성은 다소 높았다. 수량성은 전작에서 3.44 MT/ha, 답리작에서 3.56 MT/ha이었다.
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Naked Waxy Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. ;46(4):456-462.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.4.456
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Naked Waxy Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. ;46(4):456-462.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2014.46.4.456
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Naked Waxy Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar
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Fig. 1. Pedigree diagram of ‘Boseokchal’.

Fig. 1.

Naked Waxy Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar

Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’.

Cultivars Growth habit Grain husk Leaf Culm Spike Awn length lemma
Color Length Width Width Diameter Type Density
Boseokchal III Hull-less Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed Medium Long purple
Saechalssal IV Hull-less Green Long Medium Medium Medium 6-rowed Medium Long yellow

Heading and maturing dates of ‘Boseokchal’cultivated in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

Field conditions Locations Heading date Maturing date
Boseokchal Saechalssal Boseokchal Saechalssal
Upland Suwon May 7 May 7 June 11 June 9
Cheongwon April 28 April 29 May 30 June 1
Mean May 2a May 3a June 5a June 5a
Paddy Iksan April 28 April 27 June 2 June 2
Naju April 24 April 26 May 31 June 2
Jinju April 17 April 18 May 24 May 23
Mean April 23a April 23a May 29a May 29a

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’cultivated in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

Cultivar Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike 1000-grain weight (g) Test weight (g)
Boseokchal 87a 5.0a 601a 61b 29.0a 780a
Saechalssal 80a 5.0a 553a 67a 30.0a 785a

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Boseokchal’tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

Cultivar Winter killing ratez (%) Degree of lodging (0~9)w Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)w
Normal High ridge Infection type Infection degree (0~9)w Iksan (III) Milyang (IV) Naju (I) Jinju (IV)
Boseokchal 13a 58a 2a Susceptable 8a 2b 1a 0b 0a
Saechalssal 16a 47a 0a Susceptable 8a 7a 1a 4a 0a

zData tested at Yeoncheon

yMeans of Suwon, Iksan, and Milyang during RYT

xBarley Yellow Mosaic Virus

w0 : Resistence, 9 : Susceptible

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’.

Cultivar Protein content (%) Total phenol cont. (%) anthocyanin* (μg/g) Grain pearling Cooking quality
Whiteness β-glucan (%) Amylose (%) Water absorption rate(%) Expansion rate (%)
Boseokchal 11.5a* 0.677b 180.1a 31.6b 6.4a 4.9a 259a 457a
Saechalssal 12.0a 0.778a 0b 37.9a 6.6a 5.0a 248b 429b

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Anthocyanin composition of ‘Boseokchal’.

Cultivar Anthocyanin (μg/g) Total (μg/g)
Cya3g Pel3g Peo3g Mal3g Del Cya
Boseokchal 76.3 ND 7.6 ND 23.3 72.9 180.1

zCya3g : Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Pel3g : Pelargonidin-3-glucoside, Peo3g : Peonidin-3-glucoside, Mal3g : Malvidin-3-glucoside, Del : Delphinidin, Cya : Cyanidin, ND : Not detected

Yield potential of ‘Boseokchal’in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

Field Regions Boseokchal (MT/ha) Saechalssal (MT/ha) Index (a/b×100)
2006 2007 2008 Mean (a) 2006 2007 2008 Mean (b)
Upland Suwon 2.77 - - 2.77b 3.23 - 3.23a 86
Cheongwon 4.50 3.06 - 3.78a 4.28 3.31 - 3.80a 99
Mean 3.64 3.06 - 3.44 3.76 3.31 - 3.61 95
Paddy Iksan 3.14 3.11 4.21 3.49a 3.00 3.14 4.47 3.54a 99
Naju 3.45 3.29 3.54 3.43a 3.16 2.63 3.58 3.12a 110
Jinju 3.55 4.72 3.04 3.77a 3.65 4.77 3.29 3.90a 97
Mean 3.38 3.71 3.60 3.56 3.27 3.51 3.78 3.52 101

*The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 1. Growth habit and Morphological characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’.
Table 2. Heading and maturing dates of ‘Boseokchal’cultivated in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 3. Agronomic characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’cultivated in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 4. Winter hardiness, lodging resistance, and disease resistance of ‘Boseokchal’tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

Data tested at Yeoncheon

Means of Suwon, Iksan, and Milyang during RYT

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus

0 : Resistence, 9 : Susceptible

The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 5. Pearling and cooking characteristics of ‘Boseokchal’.

The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 6. Anthocyanin composition of ‘Boseokchal’.

Cya3g : Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Pel3g : Pelargonidin-3-glucoside, Peo3g : Peonidin-3-glucoside, Mal3g : Malvidin-3-glucoside, Del : Delphinidin, Cya : Cyanidin, ND : Not detected

Table 7. Yield potential of ‘Boseokchal’in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in Suwon, Cheongwon, Iksan, Naju and Jinju regions from 2006 to 2008.

The same letters are not significantly different among varieties at the 5% probability level by DMRT

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

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