Early selection of grain quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is essential to improve the yield and quality of this staple crop. We analyzed four key traits—protein content, grain filling rate, height, and panicle length—in 85 Korean cultivars. Through whole- genome resequencing we identified 12,718,879 raw single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); after PLINK-based quality control (bi-allelic selection, call rate≥0.90, MAF≥0.03), ~2.20 million high-quality SNPs remained for machine-learning (ML) pre-screening. To rank the features (without marker-level inference), we applied a liberal univariate PLINK case-control scan using the top and bottom 30% per trait. We also analyzed associations with a linear mixed model (GCTA v1.93.2, MLMA; fixed covariates: ecotype, PC1, PC2; random effect: GRM) to verify calibration under population structure; with n=85, no genome-wide significant hits were detected, and QQ-plots indicated adequate calibration (per-trait effective tests m≈1.54-1.57 million under stricter filters). The random forest feature importance prioritized 26, 51, 19, and 20 core SNPs for the four traits, respectively. Across the algorithms, the best models achieved mean accuracies of 81.8% (protein content), 81.0% (grain filling rate), 73.1% (height), and 94.0% (panicle length). All selected SNPs met the Fluidigm array design requirements, supporting its deployment as a compact, genotype-based panel for early selection and a practical step toward digital breeding in rice.

The soybean cultivar, ‘Jangpung’, is adaptable for mechanized harvest with fewer branches and a higher first pod height. ‘Jangpung’ was developed through a pedigree method involving a cross between ‘Shingi’ and ‘SS03102-B-B-3S-21-4’ cultivars from 2010-2021. The promising line, ‘YS2243-B-B-35-1-1-1’, was selected and designated as ‘Milyang361’, whereafter it was tested in regional yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2019-2021. Its performance and stability were approved after the RYT and thereafter released as ‘Jangpung’. It has a determinate growth habit, purple flowers, grey pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape, and large seeds (28.2 g/100 seeds). ‘Jangpung’ is a late-maturing cultivar; its flowering and maturing dates were 9 August and 22 October, respectively. ‘Jangpung’ exhibited resistance to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus, as well as tolerance to lodging and shattering resistance, as confirmed through genetic validation using the marker, qPDH-KS. Considering its higher first pod height, lodging and shattering tolerance, and disease resistance, the soybean cultivar, ‘Jangpung’, might assist soybean producers in achieving high adaptability for mechanization and paddy field cultivation (Registration number: 9972).

‘Halla Green 12’ cultivar is characterized by Zoysia matrella×Zoysia japonica. It was selected as a warm season zoysiagrass with an extended greening period phenotype at low temperatures and a short plant height. Inflorescences of Z. matrella lines were collected near the boundary between wild Z. matrella lines and wild Z. japonica lines in Ora-dong, Jeju-do. Seeds were collected from the inflorescence and sown to obtain hybrid lines of Z. matrella and Z. japonica, ranging from the Z. japonica line to the Z. matrella line. Among the collected zoysiagrasses, a hybrid line of Z. matrella and Z. japonica, which showed a short height and characteristics of extended greening periods in greenhouses and test fields during winter, was finally selected and named ‘Halla Green 12’. Subsequently, it was registered in June 2022 (Registration No. 277). The test guideline (TG) of the Korea Forest Service was used to analyze the main external morphological characteristics of the ‘Halla Green 12’ cultivar, described as follows. ‘Halla Green 12’ cultivar has a short ‘Plant height’ (6.14±0.37 cm), ‘Leaf blade’ (4.15±0.36 cm), and ‘Leaf sheath’ (1.39±0.08 cm). The ‘Leaf angle’ is very wide at 61.5°. Since the ‘Leaf blade’ of ‘Halla Green 12’ has no ‘Trichomes,’ and the ‘Leaf blade width’ is as narrow as 1.69±0.06 mm, it is morphologically classified as a hybrid line of Z. matrella and Z. japonica, which is close to Z. matrella. In particular, during the winter period, ‘Halla Green 12’, which was grown in the test field, showed an extended greening period with green and reddish-purple leaf colors. The chlorophyll levels of the leaves of ‘Halla Green 12’ cultivar were 2580.2±175.6 nmol/mL/g, which were approximately 13.4-fold higher than those of the control variety ‘Yaji’ and 5.6-fold higher than those of the control Zm-6. ‘Halla Green 12’ showed the characteristics of extended greening period. Since the ‘Halla Green 12’ cultivar is characterized as Z. matrella×Z. japonica, which is close to Z. matrella with short ‘Plant growth’ and characteristics of extended greening periods, it is expected to be useful for reducing management costs, such as those attributed to mowing and industrializing lawn greening (Registration No. 277).

‘Halla Green 11’ is a Zoysia matrella cultivar showing short height and extended greening period lines at low temperatures of winter than general warm season zoysiagrasses. ‘Halla Green 11’ Z. matrella was collected from the seaside cliffs in Geogeum Island, Jeollanam-do. The turfgrass was transplanted to the genetic resources greenhouse and propagated in the test field. Among the zoysiagrasses cultivated in the greenhouse and test field, Z. matrella, which had a short height and showed extended greening period lines during the low temperatures of winter, was finally selected and named ‘Halla Green 11’ and was registered in June 2022. The main external morphological characteristics of the ‘Halla Green 11’ variety were analyzed using the test guideline (TG) of the Korea forest service, which is described as follows: Since the turfgrass has a ‘Leaf sheath’ of a short length, the mowing height can be lowered, rendering mowing easy. Furthermore, the ‘Plant height’ and the length of the ‘Leaf blade’ are short. The ‘Leaf blade width’ is narrow, and trichomes on the leaf surface are not present. Hence, ‘Halla Green 11’ is morphologically classified as Z. matrella. The leaf angle is very wide. The colors are green for ‘Leaf blade’, light green for ‘Leaf sheath’, and light purple for ‘Stolon’. Particularly, during the low-temperature period of winter, ‘Halla Green 11’ showed approximately 25.2, 10.6, and 8.1-fold high levels of leaf chlorophyll than the control cultivar ‘Yaji’, control Zm-6, and Zm-19, respectively. Owing to the short height of the plant and extended greening period phenotype, ‘Halla Green 11’ is expected to be highly preferred by consumers (Registration No. 274).

This study was conducted to breed interspecific hybrids by crossing between Asiatic hybrids for the purpose of cut flower or pot plant. According to results of reciprocal crossing between L. davidii and ‘Conception’, flower color of F1 appears nearer to that of each male parent but they seemed to be influenced by L. davidii which has side-facing flower position. The characteristic traits of F1 hybrids obtained from the cross between ‘Tresor’ and ‘Black Out’ is related to female parent ‘Tresor’. Whereas in a cross between ‘Navidad’ and ‘Hironde’, a progeny 122611-4 has the petal spot characteristic similar to the female Asiatic hybrid ‘Navidad’ and male parent ‘Gironde’ influence on the petal color. F1 hybrid cross ‘Gironde × Red Sensation’ showed parental flower color expression contribution. In addition ‘Gironde’ as parent contributed extensively in imparting flower color in the resulting hybrids. In the above statements, F1 progenies were more than 40cm in height and the plant height of their parents was over 70cm. Therefore, it is considered that their F1 progenies are not short if parents have a long plant height. In ‘Kotnali × Tiny Bee’ progenies, 112061-1 progeny expressed orange flower color similar to female while 112061-2 showed yellow flower color same as male. Plant height was 27.7cm and 22.4cm close to 35.0cm of male parent ‘Tiny Bee’. F1 hybrid of ‘Matrix × Holebibi’ expressed three flower color all of parents. It was dwarf and distinguishable as compared to parental phenotype. Therefore, it is concluded that for potted lily flower development carrying dwarf plant height and intermediate morphological traits Asiatic hybrids plays an important role such as ‘Tiny Bee’ and ‘Matrix’.