Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a valuable oilseed crop; however, low yields and mechanical harvesting challenges limit its production. To address these issues, a high-yielding and disease-resistant sesame cultivar, ‘YoungWoong’, was developed via mutation breeding using ‘Geonbaek’ seeds irradiated with 300 Gy of γ-ray in 2014. ‘YoungWoong’ is characterized by a few branched plant types with three capsules per axil. The average height of the plants is 167 cm, with 104 capsules per plant and a 1,000-seed weight of 2.9 g. Notably, at maturity, the leaves and capsules turn yellow, which is accompanied by excellent leaf senescence. This effectively decreases plant volume and weight, thereby enhancing mechanical harvesting efficiency. Additionally, ‘YoungWoong’ exhibits enhanced field resistance to Phytophthora blight and Fusarium wilt, thereby ensuring stable production under high disease pressures. In regional adaptation trials, ‘YoungWoong’ achieved an average yield of 158 kg/10a, representing a 28% increase over that of ‘Geonbaek’ and the highest yield potential among previously developed cultivars. Thus, ‘YoungWoong’ has the potential to improve labor efficiency and sesame productivity (Registration No. 10784).