Paprika (Capsicum annuum) cannot grow or set fruit in temperatures that are higher than the optimal level. This study assesses the characteristics of 52 paprika accessions introduced from the agrobiodiversity center and the world vegetable center during a high temperature period in order to develop heat tolerant lines. As a result of controlling the temperature in two greenhouses by side ventilation and fogging system, the average daily temperature of the high temperature regime was 34.3℃, which was 2.4℃ higher than that of the normal temperature regime. Plant height, stem diameter, fruit set, fruit weight, fruit shape, pericarp thickness, soluble sugar content, yield, and marketable fruit development rate were all investigated as vegetative and reproductive growth-related parameters. Plant height, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, and yield were all reduced during high temperature treatment. Six germplasm lines (T12, T15, T26, T29, T32, and T36) were selected as high-temperature tolerant lines based on these parameters. The selected lines will be used to breed heat-tolerant cultivars as well as crossbreeding for genetic analysis.

The cultivated area of glutinous rice in the Homan Plain of Korea is increasing to diversify the cropping system. Depending on the time of transplanting, glutinous rice can be divided into early, ordinary, and late cultivation. Eight glutinous rice cultivars (Baegseolchal, Baekogchal, Boramchal, Boseogchal, Dongjinchal, JJ644wx, Nunbora, and Sinseonchal) were used to evaluate yield, pasting properties, and texture according to cultivation time and to analyze the genotype-environment relationship. There were nine yield-related, six pasting-related, and four texture-related traits studied. Heading date and culm length were shortened as cultivation time increased, while panicle length, number of spikelets, and 1,000-grain weight increased. Furthermore, late cultivation time also reduced pasting properties, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity. Hardness and adhesiveness among the texture properties increased with cultivation time, but stickiness decreased. The variation in 1,000-grain weight is mostly dominated by genotype, whereas heading date and yield are heavily influenced by environmental factors. All pasting property characteristics varied with environment changes, and genotype variation was dominant for all texture properties. Boramchal yielded the most in early and ordinary cultivation and Sinseonchal, together with Boramchal, yielded the most in late cultivation. Cultivars with excellent grain quality were Sinseonchal in early cultivation and Baegseolchal and Baekogchal in ordinary and late cultivation. A comparative analysis of characteristics based on cultivation time can assist in the selection of glutinous rice suitable for the Honam Plain and in the breeding of cultivars with improved yield and excellent grain quality.

A new Adzuki bean cultivar, ‘Hongmiin’, was developed from the cross between K204656 (Toyomidainagon) and SA9905 in 2008. Hongmiin showed prominent agronomical characteristics, such as high grain quality, lodging resistance, and high yield in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) conducted for four years from 2017 to 2020. ‘Hongmiin’ is an early maturing variety, having a bright red seed coat, and the sediment ratio of this red bean was high because of the thin seed coat. The mean plant height of ‘Hongmiin’ was 58 cm, and its yield components were 7.4 pods per plant and a 100-seed-weight of 20.5 g of in the regional yield trials (RYT). This indicates that the Hongmiin has appropriate trait values for red bean production and processing. In the regional yield trial for the four years, the average yield potential of ‘Hongmine’ was 2.09 MT/ha, which is 8% higher than that of ‘Arari’ (Registration No. 9324).

Rice is an important food crop that feeds most of the world's population. However, due to the increased frequency of pest outbreaks, it is necessary to cultivate complex pest-resistant rice cultivars. A mutant population was derived by culturing tissue of ‘Hwayeong’ at the Plant Molecular Breeding laboratory of Kyungpook National University in the Republic of Korea. The cultivar ‘Drimi4ho’, a line that was resistant to complex disease, was finally selected by backcrossing with ‘Junam’. The heading date of ‘Drimi4ho’ is August 11 (107 days after sowing). Drimi4ho’ has culm length of 69 cm, panicle length of 21 cm, 16 panicles per hill, 115 spikelets per panicle, a ratio of ripened grain of 92.7%, and a 1,000-grain weight of 24.3 g. No lodging occurred when ‘Drimi4ho’ was grown in the field by standard fertilization. It is also resistant to leaf/neck blast disease, bacterial blight (K₁, K₂, K₃), rice dwarf virus, rice black-streaked dwarf virus, rice stripe virus, BPH, and SBPH. ‘Drimi4ho’ is a round and short-type grain, and is very clear and transparent without chalkiness. In addition, it has excellent physicochemical properties that make up food, so its taste is good. When ‘Drimi4ho’ was planted under ordinary conditions in the southern mountainous area of Korea, the yield was 5.53 MT/ha (Registration No. 6124).

A new garden chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar ‘Burning Ball’ was developed at the Flower Research Institute of Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2011. ‘Burning Ball’ was bred in 2005 through a cross between the ‘05-72-04’ line with a red-purple flower color as the female parent, and the ‘04-26-22’ line with a red-purple flower color as the male parent. Adaptation trials were conducted for two years, from 2006 to 2007, under natural conditions. To identify morphological and genetic originality, we compared the external shape type with ‘Pretty Ball’ and conducted ploidy and RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker analyses. The results indicate that the ‘Burning Ball’ cultivar has unique characteristics compared to ‘Pretty Ball’. As a result, ‘Burning Ball’ will be favorably accepted as a novel bed chrysanthemum in the landscaping industry, contributing to farm income (Registration No. 4184)

In 2020, ‘Sodammi’ was developed as a sweetpotato with a slightly moist texture, excellent palatability, and appearance. It was derived from a cross between ‘Hogammi’ (IT327288), which has a slightly moist texture and excellent palatability, and ‘Kyushu No. 121’ (IT309496), which has a yellow flesh and good appearance. The storage roots of ‘Sodammi’ have a purple-red skin, yellow flesh, and an ovate shape. ‘Sodammi’ storage roots exhibit a slightly moist texture and are more tender than those of the check variety ‘Jinhongmi’. The sweetness of steamed storage roots of ‘Sodammi’ was 19.1, which was 24.8% higher than that of ‘Jinhongmi’. Palatability of steamed storage of ‘Sodammi’ was better than that of ‘Jinhongmi’. The marketable storage root yield of ‘Sodammi’ was 19.6 MT/ha during the normal season culture. ‘Sodammi’ is moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodes. ‘Sodammi’ had very good storability, as there was almost no decay rate and no internal cavitation during long-term storage. Cultivation of the ‘Sodammi’ variety is expected to expand considerably, as it has characteristics favored by consumers, farmers, and distributors due to its excellent palatability, appearance, and storability (Registration No. 8789).

‘Haedeul’ is a high-quality rice variety with early maturing that adapts to the central region of Korea. This cultivar was crossed between ‘Gopum’, which has excellent taste, and ‘Hoban’, which has a low viviparous germination rate and is moderately tolerant of cold, by the rice breeding team of the Department of Central Area Crop Science, NlCS, RDA, in 2017. In early-transplanting cultivation, the heading date of ‘Haedeul’ was July 24 in central area of Korea, which was seven days later than that of ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Haedeul’ had a culm length of 75 cm and 99 spikelets per panicle. The viviparous germination rate of ‘Haedeul’ was 7.7%. It showed resistance to blast and bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race), but was susceptible to the K3a race of bacterial blight, stripe virus, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses, and plant-hoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited a translucent and medium short grain shape. The cooked rice grains of ‘Haedeul’ had an excellent palatability index (0.61) and lower amylose content (18.0%) than that of ‘Jopyeong’. The grain milling characteristics were better than those of ‘Jopyeong’, especially the head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.9%). ‘Haedeul’ milled rice productivity averaged 5.32 MT/ha at five sites under ordinary cultivation (Registration No. 7681).

The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) variety ‘Noeulchal’ was developed and registered by the Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, in 2019. This variety was developed from the cross between ‘RTx2907’, with white grain, and ’Sodamchal’, with brown grain and semi-dwarf traits. The yield performance of ‘Noeulchal’ was 3.71 MT/ha in a local adaptability test run for two years. It had a culm length of 93 cm, which is 11 cm longer than that of ‘Sodamchal’, a panicle length of 29 cm, a culm 22 mm thick, and a panicle exsertion of 9 cm. It could reduce the lodging problem experienced with current cultivars, and is also adapted to mechanized cultivation. ‘Noeulchal’ has a waxy endosperm with 3.2% amylose and contained high levels of rapidly digestible starch. The rapidly digestible starch with gluten-free flours could contribute to the development of foods with different properties (Registration No. 9105).

‘Dian’ was developed by crossing ‘Milyang85/Suwon335’, which has tolerance to lodging and high yield, and ‘Milyang122’, which has good brewing qualities, in 2003. The regional yield trials were conducted for ‘Dian’ as a breeding line ‘Iksan168’ in four different regions of Korea from 2012 to 2014. The heading and maturing dates of ‘Dian’ in paddy and upland fields were similar to ‘Hopum’. ‘Dian’ had a shorter culm length than ‘Hopum’ in paddy and upland fields, showing tolerance to lodging stress. The yield potential of ‘Dian’ was approximately 18% higher than that of ‘Hopum’ in the paddy fields, but there were no significant differences in the upland fields. ‘Dian’ had rym1 and rym5 genes and showed resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), but was susceptible to powdery mildew. It also had good quality for brewing and was similar to ‘Hopum’. ‘Dian’ had a higher assortment ratio (94%) than ‘Hopum’ (89%). Regarding grain quality, ‘Dian’ was similar to ‘Hopum’ in protein content, β-glucan content, and husk rate. Concerning malt quality, ‘Dian’ showed a 71.6% extraction rate, 3.6% soluble protein content, and 33.0% Kolbach index, which are similar to the values of ‘Hopum’. Other malt qualities of ‘Dian’ include 185 WK (Windisch-Kolbach) diastatic power and 81.4% friability, which were lower than those of ‘Hopum’. Therefore, ‘Dian’ with high yield, tolerance to lodging, and resistance to BaYMV is considered to be stable for cultivation (Registration No. 8241).

The rice cultivar ‘Chamdongjin’ was developed to enhance the disease resistance of ‘Sindongjin’. ‘Sindongjin’, developed by the RDA in 1999, is a mega-variety with a unique grain size and excellent taste, and has been cultivated in the largest area in Korea since 2018. As ‘Sindongjin’ has been cultivated in a large area recently, problems such as pest damage are increasing, and the necessity to develop alternative cultivars is emerging. Accordingly, the multiple disease-resistant, mid-late maturing rice cultivar ‘Chamdongjin’, carrying the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 into the genetic background of ‘Sindongjin’, was developed. ‘Chamdongjin’ was developed by the backcrossing method using the donor parent ‘HR27195-59-3-5-5’, harboring the bacterial blight resistance genes Xa3+Xa21 and the recurrent parent ‘Sindongjin’. ‘Chamdongjin’ was selected through the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests, with a high selection pressure for agronomic trait similarities with ‘Sindongjin’. In order to effectively improve the disease resistance, marker-assisted selection for disease resistance genes and bioassays for bacterial blight, blast, and stripe virus were performed in parallel. ‘Chamdongjin’ was confirmed to have three disease-resistance genes, Xa3+Xa21+Stvb-i. Most of agronomic traits of ‘Chamdongjin’ were similar to ‘Sindongjin’, while ‘Chamdongjin’ showed enhanced disease resistance against bacterial blight and panicle blast compared to ‘Sindongjin’. ‘Chamdongjin’, like ‘Sindongjin’, possessed a grain size-related gene, the gs3 allele, and exhibited larger grains than general Korean japonica cultivars. In addition, ‘Chamdongjin’ showed a similar or higher level of palatability compared to ‘Sindognjin’, indicating the excellent quality characteristics. In the genetic background analysis using 787 KASP markers, ‘Chamdongjin’ showed 96.3% homozygosity with ‘Sindongjin’, indicating that it had a more similar genetic background to ‘Sindongjin’ than to other existing cultivars. ‘Chamgdongjin’ is expected to be widely cultivated as an alternative to ‘Sindongjin’, which could maintain the brand value while preventing the disease damage caused to ‘Sindongjin’ (Registration No. 9310).