The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of shade net and ventilation on the yield production ofonion seed in greenhouse. Two onion cultivars, ‘6701’ and ‘6704’, was used for this experiment, and grown in severalgreenhouses with different type of shade net percentages (0, 35, and 55%) and with or without ventilation. ‘6701’ and ‘6704’with parameter temperature showed a negative correlation coefficient around 10 o’clock, it was verified little or low correlationas the time progresses. ‘6701’ seed production has been analyzed in a difference humidity condition of the seed productionshowed high correlation around 14 o’clock. ‘6701’ and ‘6704’ seed production has been analyzed correlation with light intensity,seed production almost showed a negative correlation coefficient. Controlling relative humidity in the greenhouse are importantfactor to produce onion seed yielding under shading screen and ventilation condition.

The study was carried out to evaluate growth and genetic diversity among in vitro cultured protocorms of Cymbidiumspp. that irradiated with 10 Gy～300 Gy of electron beam. Shoot induction and shoot length were decreased by an increase ofintensity of electron beam, and shoot induction was significantly decreased over 200 Gy of electron beam irradiation in 10 weeksculture. As a result of ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) analysis, out of 80 bands detected overall, 10 bands were identifiedto be polymorphic with a rate of 12.5% at control group, and 90 bands detected overall, 38 bands were identified to bepolymorphic with a rate of 42.2% at electron beam treatment. According to the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA)analysis, out of 92 bands detected overall, 12 bands were identified to be polymorphic with a rate of 13.0% at control group,and 121 bands detected overall, 53 bands were identified to be polymorphic with a rate of 43.8% at electron beam treatment.Genetic similarity matrix (GSM) of electron beam treatment was lower than that of control. The result indicates that the beamtreatment accelerated genetic diversity by promoting polymorphism of DNA. According to the cluster analysis by using both ISSRand RAPD markers, individuals of C. spp. were divided into control and electron beam treatment group. Our results indicatethat the electron beam irradiated in vitro cultured C. spp. might be resulted in promoting higher polymorphism but decreasingGSM.

Microspore-derived embryos (MDE) induction was investigated in 74 broccoli lines. The MDE induction was observedin only 18 broccoli lines. Especially, MDE was produced about 20 per petri dish in 08-8-8 and 08-8-33 lines. The influenceof MDE induction was investigated by flower structure and bud size (S, 0.1~0.2; M, 0.2~0.4; L, 0.4~0.6 mm) in 08-8-8 (highMDE induction line) and 08-8-10 (no MDE induction line) lines. There was no difference in structure of flower bud between08-8-8 and 08-8-10 lines, but M size flower bud has much longer stigma than petal in only 08-8-8 line. There was no observationof microspore at S size flower bud of 08-8-8 and 08-8-10 lines. The No. of MDE was correlated with the flower bud size.Microspore density of anther was much higher in the 08-8-8 than in the 08-8-10 line. Most of microspores in anther were atlate uninucleate stage in 08-8-8 (91.3%) and in 08-8-10 line (45.7%).

As the market demand on functionality rice has been increasing, embryo rice in which embryo residue remains evenafter milling has come to comsumers\' attention because rice embryo contains several functionality components. Consequently,development of rice varieties for higher rate of embryo adhesion to grains after milling has become one of the breeding objectivesfor quality improvement. In this study, we observed embryo dent of 49 commercial varieties and analyzed the relationshipbetween embryo dent and grain size and shape. Embryo dent of rice grains varied 0.27 (Keunnun)~0.59 (Daerip 1) mm. VarietiesJinbu, Jinbo, Heugseol, Obong, Unkwang, and Cheongnam showed relatively deeper embryo dent, suggesting that they will beapplicable in breeding for embryo rice. Embryo dent was correlated positively with grain width (r=0.53**) and grain size(r=0.34*), and negatively with grain width/length ratio (r= -0.38**). Strategies for breeding embryo rice were discussed in relationto embryo dent, grain size and shape.

‘Baegokchal’, a glutinous rice variety (Oryza sativa L.) with medium late maturation period, was developed by therice breeding team of Department of Fuctional Crops, NICS, RDA in 2008. It was derived from a cross between a glutinouscultivar ‘Dongjinchalbyeo’ as glutinous cultivar and F1 of ‘YR17334Acp24/Hwayeongbyeo’ in 1998/1999 winter season. Theprogenies of the cross were selected by pedigree and bulk breeding method until F5 generation. As a result, a promising line‘YR20665-20-1-2’ was selected and designated as ‘Milyang 225’ in 2006. The local adaptability test of ‘Milyang 225’was carriedout at six locations during 3 years from 2006 to 2008. ‘Baegokchal’ showed tolerant to lodging with good canopy architectureas 81cm of culm length, erect leaf blades and stiff culm. It is resistant to bacterial blight K1, K2, K3 races, rice stripe virus, andleaf blast disease. The endosperm of ‘Baegokchal’ is glutinous and its whiteness is almost the same with Shinseonchalbyeo. Theaverage yield potential of this cultivar is 5.26 MT/ha as milled rice at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. Thiscultivar will be adaptable to the middle and southern plain area of Korea.

Bacterial blight (BB) disease is one of the most serious rice diseases in Korea. xa5 showing a wider spectrum resistanceto Korean BB isolates is one of the most important bacterial blight resistance genes in rice breeding in Korea. A new rice cultivar‘Shinbaek’ carrying xa5 gene was developed at the rice breeding team of the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010.‘Shinbaek’ was derived from the cross between ‘Iksan469 and ‘HR23966-22-1-2’ carrying xa5 gene which was originated from indicarice ‘IRBB5’. ‘Shinbaek’ is resistance to a major Korean BB isolate such as K1, K2, K3 and K3a, and it is also resistance tor ice stripevirus disease (RSV). Heading date of ‘Shinbaek’ is August 11 as mid maturing ecotype. The major agronomic characteristics of‘Shinbaek’ is good plant type with short culm length, longer panicle length, higher number of spikelet per panicle as comparedto those of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’, However, the number of tiller and grain filling ratio were lower compared to that of‘Nampyeongbyeo’. The grain appearance, amylose content, and protein content were similar with those of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’.However the palatability of cooked rice and milling recovery were still lower than those of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. The milled riceyield of ‘Shinbaek’ is 5.75 MT per ha, 5.49 MT per ha and 4.68 MT per ha at the ordinary transplanting, double-crop system,and late transplanting of the local adaptability test, respectively. Thus, ‘Shinbaek’ would be a suitable cultivar to the mid andsouthern plain area, especially in BB disease prone area and it is a useful source to enhance the BB resistant breeding program.

A new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, ‘Daeha 1’, was developed by soybean breeding team in the YeongnamAgricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2008. A promising line, SS97214-S-S-S-15, was selected from the combination between‘Suwon192’ and a pedigree came from cross combination between ‘Jangyeobkong’ and ‘Hwaeomputkong’. It was designated asthe name of ‘Milyang 164’. It had good result from regional adaptation yield trial (RYT) for three years from 2006 to 2008and released as the name of ‘Daeha 1’. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, grey pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellowhilum, large spherical seed (25.4 grams per 100 seeds). ‘Daeha 1’ is tolerant to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, themajor soybean disease in Korea. The average yield of ‘Daeha 1’ was 2.62 ton per hectare in the regional yield trial (RYT) carriedout for three years from 2006 to 2008, which was 5 percent higher than that of check cultivar, ‘Taekwangkong’.

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, ‘Geomjeong 5’ was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science(NICS) in 2009. The goal of breeding was to develop a cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to diseasesuch as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. ‘Geomjeong 5’ was selected from the cross between ‘Shinpaldal 2’,showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and ‘Geomgjeong 2’, showing yellow cotyledon, large seed size,and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2005 to 2009.It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, sphericalseed shape, oval leaf shape and middle seed size (23.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 6 days later in maturity than the checkcultivar ‘Ilpumgeomjeongkong’. It has good physical property for black tofu. The average yield of ‘Geomjeong 5’ was 2.46 tonper hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in seven locations of Korea from 2007 to 2009.

A new black seed coat soybean variety, ‘Socheong 2’ was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS)in 2006. ‘Socheong 2’ was selected from the cross between ‘Milyang78’ and ‘Peking’. The preliminary, advanced and regionalyield trials for evaluation and selection of this variety were carried out from 2005 to 2009. It has determinate growth habit, whiteflower, brown pubescence, black pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, elongated flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape andsmall seed size (12.2 grams per 100 seeds). And it has the same maturity as the check cultivar Cheongjakong. ‘Socheong 2’has better seed quality than that of the check cultivar in isoflavone contents (2,031 ㎍/g), and it has good adaptability for‘Cheongkugjiang’ and soybean malt. It also has been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus symptom (SMV)which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of ‘Socheong 2’ was 2.00 ton per hectare in the regional yieldtrials carried out in five locations of Korea among seven from 2007 to 2009, which was 7 percent higher than that of the checkcultivar ‘Cheongjakong’.

A new F1 hybrid variety, ‘Daekwanhwang’, using a male sterile line was developed in Highland Agriculture ResearchCenter (HARC), Rural Development Administration (RDA) at 2007. The cross was made between a male sterile line‘Manchuhwang’ as a female parent and NIHA-5001 as a male parent in 2001. It was preliminarily selected as ‘NIHA-GA-1’and advanced field trial was performed in 2003. Regional yield trial was carried out at three different highland areas from 2004to 2006. The plant growth habit is erect and intermediate in plant shape and maturity, respectively. It grows 74.cm in heightand has 8.5 number of leaves each plant. The average bulb weight of ‘Daekwanhwang’, was similar to that of commercial F1hybrid ‘Higuma’ and bulb shape is oval. The skin color is yellowish brown and the storability is longer than that of ‘Higuma’.Soluble solid contents and dry matter were higher than those of commercial F1 hybrid cultivar,‘Higuma’

A new carrot F1 hybrid cultivar,‘Ground King’ was developed from the cross between a male sterile line ‘80027A’as a female parent and ‘804229’ as a male parent in 2003. Regional yield trial was carried out at five different provinces andthree cultivation types from 2006 to 2008. The plant growth habit is erect and the root type is cone-shaped like ‘Yangmeon’cultivar. Maturity belonged to a late-maturity type. It grows up to 59.3 cm in height and the average leaf number of a singleplant is 9.4. Root color is all scarlet for skin, flesh and core. Regarding to disease resistance, it showed medium resistance toleaf blight and powdery mildew. The average root weight of ‘Ground King’ is very high as 171 g in compared with that ofa commercial ‘Yangmyeon’ as 166 g. This variety will be optimal for spring and summer cultivation since the bolting ratiocombe as low as 3.9%.

‘Apricot Star’, a new FA intersectional hybrid lily cultivar, was developed in 2008 at National Institute of Horticulturaland Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea. The cross were conducted between femaleparent Lilium FA hybrid ‘FA97-30 (L. formolongi hybrid ‘Raizan’ × L. Asiatic hybrid ‘A61’)’ and a male parent L. Asiatic hybrid‘Sgl Pepper’ by cut style pollination method (CSM) at Suwon in 1999. And immature embryos were rescue. The first selectionwas done and was tentatively named as ‘FA03-10’ in 2003. After in vitro multiplication, acclimatization, and bulb productionof ‘FA03-10’ line, growth and flowering characteristic tests were conducted from 2004 to 2007. The evaluations of cropcharacteristics and consumer preferences were surveyed at the lily flower show of NIHHS in 2008. ‘Apricot Star’ flowers in thelast of June and grows more than 150 cm in stem length. Flowers with light orange (RHS, O24B) blooms facing upward. Thepollen of ‘Apricot Star’ is sterile. Year-round flowering can be done by storing the bulbs at -1.5℃. It is needed to preventBotrytis disease in wet seasons.

New onion cultivar ‘Sinseonhwang’ with mild taste and shipping quality was developed by the Allium vegetable cropbreeding team of the Bioenergy Crop Research Center, NICS, RDA in 2006. The ‘Sinseonhwang’ was selected from‘Paechonghwang’ population, an early maturation cultivar. Line selection was conducted from 1995 to 2001. As a mild tastecultivar, it has lower pyruvic acid concent of 2.16 μmol/g F.W and a bolting percentage of 6.0% whereas the check cultivar‘Marusino 330’ contains 2.60 μmol/g F.W of pyruvic acid and 19.9%, of bolting respectively. The bulb has dark yellow skincolor, globe shape and large size type. Lodging date of this cultivar was April 30 which was similar to check cultivar. It ismoderately resistance to downy mildew and soft rot compared to check cultivar. The fresh weight of bulb was 254g and theaverage yield was 6,176kg/10a in ordinary culture of local adaptability test. ‘Sinseonhwang’ will be highly adaptable to the southarea in Korea.